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Siti Yuyun Rahayu Fitri, S.Kp., M.Si

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EMOSI Emosi adalah pola reaksi yang mengandung

perubahan fisiologis, perilaku ekspresif dan states offeeling yang muncul sebagai respon terhadap situasi(Wortman, Loftus & Weaver, 1999).

Santrock (2007) menyatakan emosi seringkalidisamaartikan dengan perasaan atau afek yang

melibatkan gabungan antara keterbangkitan fisik(physical arousal) dan perilaku nyata (overt behavior).

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Campos (2004), Emosi didefinisikan sebagai perasaanatau affect, yang terjadi ketika seseorang berada dalamsuatu kondisi atau suatu interaksi yang pentingbaginya, terutama bagi kesejahteraannya.

Emosi bercirikan perilaku yang merefleksikan ataumengekspresikan kepuasan atau ketidakpuasan dari

keadaan atau transaksi individu.

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PROSES EMOSI

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NAMA EMOSI

Plutchik (1994) : 7 emosi dasar(primer) pada manusia, yaitufear,

disgust, wonder, anger, subjection,elation, tender.

Ekman dalam Dalgleish (2000), ada 6macam yang termasuk emosi dasar,

yaitu marah, takut, sedih, senang,

surprise dan disgust.

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LANJ..

Primary Emotion

Component

Label For Mixed

Emotions

Joy + acceptance = Love, friendliness

Fear + surprise = Alarm, awe

Sadness + disgust = Remorse

Disgust + Anger = Contempt, hatred,

hostility

Joy + Fear = Guilt

Anger + Joy = Pride

Fear + Disgust = Shame, prudishness

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EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE SALOVEY AND MAYER (1997) : EMOTIONAL

INTELLIGENCE (EI) DESCRIBES THE ABILITY,

CAPACITY, SKILL OR, IN THE CASE OF THE TRAIT

EI MODEL, A SELF-PERCEIVED ABILITY TO

IDENTIFY, ASSESS, AND CONTROL THEEMOTIONS OF ONE'S SELF, OF OTHERS, AND OF

GROUPS.

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THREE MAIN MODELS OF EI

ABILITY EI MODEL

MIXED MODELS OF EI (USUALLY SUBSUMED

UNDER TRAIT EI)

TRAIT EI MODEL

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ABILITY MODEL

THE ABILITY TO PERCEIVE EMOTION, INTEGRATEEMOTION TO FACILITATE THOUGHT,UNDERSTAND EMOTIONS AND TO REGULATEEMOTIONS TO PROMOTE PERSONAL GROWTH."

THE ABILITY-BASED MODEL VIEWS EMOTIONSAS USEFUL SOURCES OF INFORMATION THATHELP ONE TO MAKE SENSE OF AND NAVIGATETHE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT.

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THE MODEL PROPOSES THAT INDIVIDUALS VARYIN THEIR ABILITY TO PROCESS INFORMATION OFAN EMOTIONAL NATURE AND IN THEIR ABILITYTO RELATE EMOTIONAL PROCESSING TO AWIDER COGNITION. THIS ABILITY IS SEEN TOMANIFEST ITSELF IN CERTAIN ADAPTIVEBEHAVIORS.

THE MODEL CLAIMS THAT EI INCLUDES FOURTYPES OF ABILITIES:

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Perceiving emotions the ability to detect anddecipher emotions in faces, pictures, voices, andcultural artifactsincluding the ability to identify

one's own emotions. Perceiving emotions represents abasic aspect of emotional intelligence, as it makes allother processing of emotional information possible.

Using emotions the ability to harness emotions to

facilitate various cognitive activities, such as thinkingand problem solving. The emotionally intelligentperson can capitalize fully upon his or her changingmoods in order to best fit the task at hand.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mood_(psychology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mood_(psychology)

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Understanding emotions the ability to comprehendemotion language and to appreciate complicatedrelationships among emotions. For example,

understanding emotions encompasses the ability to besensitive to slight variations between emotions, and theability to recognize and describe how emotions evolve overtime.

Managing emotions the ability to regulate emotions inboth ourselves and in others. Therefore, the emotionallyintelligent person can harness emotions, even negativeones, and manage them to achieve intended goals.

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The ability EI model has been criticized in theresearch for lacking face and predictive validity in theworkplace.[

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_intelligencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_intelligence

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Mixed model

The model introduced byDaniel Goleman focuses on EI asa wide array of competencies and skills that driveleadership performance.

Goleman's model outlines four main EI constructs:1. Self-awareness the ability to read one's emotions and

recognize their impact while using gut feelings to guidedecisions.

2. Self-management involves controlling one's emotions andimpulses and adapting to changing circumstances.

3. Social awareness the ability to sense, understand, andreact to others' emotions while comprehending socialnetworks.

4. Relationship management the ability to inspire,influence, and develop others while managing conflict.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Golemanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpersonal_relationshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpersonal_relationshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Golemanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Goleman

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Cont..

Goleman includes a set of emotional competencewithin each construct of EI.

Emotional competencies are not innate talents, butrather learned capabilities that must be worked on and

can be developed to achieve outstanding performance. Goleman posits that individuals are born with a

general emotional intelligence that determines theirpotential for learning emotional competencies.

Goleman's model of EI has been criticized in theresearch literature as mere pop psychology (Mayer,Roberts, & Barsade, 2008).

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Trait EI model Petrides and colleagues (see also Petrides, 2009)

proposed a conceptual distinction between the abilitybased model and a trait based model of EI.

Trait EI is "a constellation of emotional self-perceptions located at the lower levels of personality".

In lay terms, trait EI refers to an individual's self-

perceptions of their emotional abilities.

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This definition of EI encompasses behavioraldispositions and self perceived abilities and ismeasured by self report, as opposed to the abilitybased model which refers to actual abilities, which

have proven highly resistant to scientificmeasurement.

Trait EI should be investigated within a personalityframework.

An alternative label for the same construct is traitemotional self-efficacy.

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The trait EI model is general and subsumes theGoleman and Bar-On models discussed above.

The conceptualization of EI as a personality trait leadsto a construct that lies outside the taxonomy of humancognitive ability.

This is an important distinction in as much as it bears

directly on the operationalization of the construct andthe theories and hypotheses that are formulated aboutit.

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Influencing DRIVING FORCE

SOCIAL COMPETENCE

PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH

PHYSICAL HEALTH

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EMOTION REGULATION

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Situation selection : perilaku mendekatiatau menjauhi orang atau situasi tertentuatas dasar dampak emosi yang diharapkan

akan timbul, dalam penelitian ini misalnyauntuk menghindari ketakutan akan suasanarumahsakit, partisipan selalu ingin ditemaniibu (perilaku partisipan mendekati ibu atauorang yang dianggap dapat membuatnyaman)

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Modification situation memodifikasi situasi yang ada, yang tidak dapat

lagi dipilih, agar efek emosinya teralihkan, melaluimodifikasi lingkungan eksternal dan fisik,bentuknya bisa berupa hadirnya individu lain dantindakan dari individu tersebut, atau modifikasilingkungan fisik, misalnya kehadiran ibu atau

teman ketika menghadapi situasi yangmembangkitkan emosi untuk menenangkan anakagar respon emosi tidak muncul, kemudian jugalingkungan fisik berupa pengaturan ruangantempat perawatan anak yang disesuaikan dengannuansa anak yang menyenangkan, seperti warnadinding yang cerah, adanya mainan dan ruangbermain, dan sebagainya

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Attentional deployment : perilaku yang menunjukkan cara

bagaimana seseorang mengarahkan perhatiannya didalamsebuah situasi untuk mengatur emosinya, bisa dianggap sebagaiversi internal dari situation selection. Strategi utama kelompokini adalah konsentrasi dan distraksi, yang bisa terjadi dalam tigabentuk yaitu (1) penarikan perhatian berupa fisik, misalnyamenutup mata atau telinga ketika takut melihat atau

mendengar sesuatu yang menakutkan, (2) mengarahkankembali perhatian internal, misalnya melalui distraksi ataukonsentrasi, dan (3) merespon kembali pengalihan perhatianpada seseorang yang dilakukan oleh orang lain,seorangmisalnya seorang anak yang akan diberikan kemoterapi, olehibunya dikatakan bahwa jarum suntik itu akan menghancurkan

sel darah putih yang nakal, maka respon anak yangmenunjukkan perilaku distraksi dari ketakutannya akibat daripernyataan ibu itu, merupakan salah satu bentuk attentionaldeployment

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Cognitive change : cara seseorang mengubah penilaianterhadap situasi dengan tujuan mengubah signifikansiemosi, bisa juga dikatakan versi internal dari situation

modification

Response modulation : mempengaruhi respon emosi(perilaku, pengalaman subyektif, fisiologis) yangsudah muncul, misalnya menekan rasa marah kepadaseseorang, menangis saat sedih.

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