AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Industrial Technology

Kalibo, Aklan

Teacher Education Department

Power Point PresentationOn

EMOTIONS

Submitted to:Dr. MYRNA D. PELAYO

in partial fulfillment the requirements for the subject Soc. Sci I-General Psychology

1st Semester, 2015-2016

Submitted by: Vea D. LeocarioBSEd I-A

EMOTION

INTRODUCTION:

If you ask someone to describe what an emotion is, they might say it is a feeling, sentiment, reaction, passion, excitement, or sensation. Another definition of emotion is it is a spontaneous feeling arising from a person, thing, or experience. Emotions are unique to each individual, are perception based, and subjective experiences. It could be argued that emotions are the sole reason for therapeutic interventions.

People go to counselors because they do not like how they feel. In other words, their emotions are too strong and upsetting or the individual does not appear to have emotions at all. Some people have too much of one emotion versus how they want to feel, e.g. depressed individuals are mostly sad and desire to feel happy again. Therefore, every psychological theory, even cognitive behaviorism, has a goal to ultimately alter the person's emotional state in a positive way.

IMAGINE LIFE WITHOUTHappiness

FearSadnessSurpriseDisgust

WHAT IS EMOTION?

WHAT IS EMOTION? Emotion is a complex psychological

phenomenon which occurs as animals or people live their lives.

It is Intense feeling that are directed at someone or something.

EMOTIONSCame from the Latin word ''emovere'' which means ''to move out''. Subjective reactions to experiences that are associated with physiological and behavioral changes(According to Woolfolk) Feelings that generally have both physiological and cognitive elements and that influence behavior(Acc. to Feldman) Considered as the building blocks of personality

COMPONENTS OF EMOTIONS (ATKINSON)-1996

1. Subjective experience of the emotion.

2. Internal bodily response, particularly those involving the autonomic

nervous system.

a. Blood Pressure & heart rate increase.

b. Respiration becomes more rapid.

c. The pupils dilate.

d. Perspiration increase while secretion of saliva & mucous decrease.

e. Blood-sugar level increase to provide more energy.

f. The blood clots more quickly in case of wounds.

g. Blood is diverted from the stomach & intestines to the brain & skeletal muscles.

h. The hair on the skin becomes erect, causing goose pimples.

COMPONENTS OF EMOTIONS (ATKINSON)-1996

3. Cognition about the emotion & associated situation.

4. Facial expression. 5.Reactions to the emotion.6. Action tendencies

None of these components, by itself is an emotion. All these components come together to create a particular emotions.

CLASSIFICATION OF EMOTION The range of emotion is broad. More than 200

emotions are named in the English language. Psychologists have classified them in many different ways, and one of which is the system developed by Robert Plutchnik called the EMOTION WHEEL.

ROBERT PLUTCHNIK

He believed that emotions have 4 dimentions:

-Emotion is either positive or negative -Emotions are primary or mixed

-Many of these emotions are polar opposites -Emotions Vary In Intensity

1. EMOTION IS EITHER POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE

Positive Emotions enhance self-esteem and improve our relations with others while negative emotions lower self-esteem and weakens the quality of our relations with others.

2. EMOTIONS ARE PRIMARY OR MIXED

Emotions for Plutchnik are like colors. Every color of the spectrum can be produced by mixing the primary colors. Possibly some emotions are primary and if mixed, form all others emotions, like joy and acceptance combined results to Love.

3. MANY OF THESE EMOTIONS ARE POLAR OPPOSITES

Emotions appear across each other on the emotion wheel, like love and remorse or joy and sadness. Plutchnik believes one cannot simultaneously experience emotions that are polar opposites.

4. Emotions Vary In Intensity

PLUTCHIK'S WHEEL OF EMOTIONS(PRIMARY & MIXED EMOTIONS) Robert Plutchik-was a psychologist who studiedemotions, suicide and aggression. Hebelieved that there were 8 basiccategories of emotions- anger, fear, sadness, disgust,surprise, anticipation,acceptance, and joy.Plutchik stated that all other emotionsevolved from these 8 basic emotionsand he illustrated the relationships ofone emotion to another in a wheeldiagram. From this diagram, you cansee the shades of colors change withrespect to the various emotions felt.

BASIC EMOTIONS (MATLIN,1992)

EMOTION FUNCTION

FEAR PROTECTION

ANGER DESTRUCTION

JOY INCORPORATION

DISGUST REJECTION

ACCEPTANCE REPRODUCTION

SADNESS REINTEGRATION

SURPRISE ORIENTATION

ANTICIPATION EXPLORATION

PRIMARY EMOTION

What are the Primary Emotions?

PRIMARY EMOTIONPS

LOVE JOY ANGER SADNESS SURPRISE FEAR

PRIMARY EMOTION A primary human emotion types are the one triggered in response to an event.

SECONDARY EMOTIONS

What are the Secondary Emotions?

SECONDARY EMOTION PASSION OPTIMISM IRRITATION DISGUST SHAME NERVOUSNESS

SECONDARY EMOTION If we experience fear , the secondary emotions would be : feel threatened or feel anger , depending on the situation we are experiencing.

FUNCTIONS OF EMOTIONS 3 MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF EMOTIONS( BY FELDMAN )1.Preparation for action

- we are able to respond to changes in our environment because our emotions enable us to prepare to respond to the stimulus in our surroundings

2.Shaping future behavior- one factor that shapes our future behavior is our emotion.- constant exposure to stimuli that stir our emotions enables us to learn, relearn and unlearn a certain behavior.

3.Helping us interact more effectively with others - we are interacting with one another almost every time. - understanding our emotions and emotions of others enables us to sympathize with others.

VARIETY OF EMOTIONS

POSITIVE HUMAN EMOTION

NEGATIVE HUMAN EMOTION

POSITIVE EMOTIONS Positive emotions that lead one to feel good

about one’s self will lead to an emotionally happy and satisfied result.

SOME OF THE POSITIVE EMOTIONS ARE:

HOPEFUL CONFIDENT PEACEFUL

NEGATIVE EMOTION Negative emotions sap your energy and

undermine your effectiveness. In the negative emotional state, you find the lack of desire to do anything.

SOME OF THE NEGATIVE EMOTIONS ARE EXHAUSTED PANIC OBNOXIOUS

THEORIES OF EMOTION

Does your heart pound because you are afraid... or are you afraid because you feel your heart pounding?

JAMES-LANGE THEORY OF EMOTION Experience of emotion is awareness of

physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

Fear(emotion)

Poundingheart

(arousal)

Sight of oncoming

car(perception of

stimulus)

JAMES-LANGE THEORY OF EMOTION

The first one is the oldest of the four. It is known as the James-Lange theory. As you may have guessed, this theory originated from two theorists called William James (1884) and Carl Lange (1887).

The concept of William James and Carl Lange about emotion is that we are having emotional experiences as the result of the body's reaction to the environmental stimulation.

We experience emotions as a result of our physiological changes that produce specific sensation.

CRY STRIKE REACT

SAD ANGRY

INTERPRET

1842-1910 1834 - 1900

CANNON-BARDTHEORY OF EMOTION Emotion-arousing stimuli

simultaneously trigger: physiological responses subjective experience of

emotion

The second theory is known as the Cannon-Bard theory. It began with the work of Walter Cannon. He thought that the James-Lange theory was flawed for a number of reasons (Cannon, 1927).

Sight of oncoming

car(perception of

stimulus)

Poundingheart

(arousal)

Fear(emotion)

THALAMUS

CerebralCortex

AutonomicNervousSystem(ANS)

AWARENESSOF EMOTIONS

PHYSIOLOGICALREACTION

THE CANON-BARD THEORY

1871-1945 1898-1977

SCHACHTER’S TWO-FACTOR THEORY OF EMOTION To experience emotion one must:

be physically aroused cognitively label the arousal

Cognitivelabel

“I’m afraid”

Fear(emotion)

Sight of oncoming

car(perception of

stimulus)

Poundingheart

(arousal)

1922-1977

MANY YEARS LATER, TWO PSYCHOLOGISTS CALLED STANLEY SCHACHTER AND JEROME SINGER PROPOSED ANOTHER THEORY. THEIR THEORY, KNOWN AS THE SCHACHTER-SINGER THEORY, SUGGESTS THAT EXPERIENCING AN EMOTION REQUIRES BOTH BODILY RESPONSE AND AN INTERPRETATION OF THE BODILY RESPONSE BY CONSIDERING THE PARTICULAR SITUATION THE PERSON IS IN AT THE MOMENT (SCHACHTER & SINGER, 1962).

STIMULUS THALAMUS

PHYSIOLOGICAL AROUSAL

IDENTIFYING EMOTIONS

OBSERVATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL

CUES

RICHARD LAZARUS (LAZARUS THEORY)

Richard Lazarus developed the Lazarus theory of emotion. His model basically states that a thought must occur before an emotion or physiological response can take place. Therefore, a person sees a bear (event), the person thinks "I am going to be shredded into tiny little pieces" (thought), and the person simultaneously feels fear and prepares for "fight or flight."

Bear (Event) => "I am going to die" => fear (Emotion) + "Fight or Flight" (Physical) Stanley Schachter

 

LAZARUS COGNITIVE MEDITATIONAL THEORY

It is the stimulus that causes emotional reaction. However, this emotional reaction undergoes the process of cognitive appraisal mediatus or ''to come between'', which means that before the actual physical arousal and emotional experience the person first interprets the arousal before experiencing physiological and emotional experience.

STIMULUS

APPRAISAL(mediate)

EMOTIONALEXPERIENCE

PHYSIOLOGICALRESPONSE

OPPONENT-PROCESS THEORY 

This theory is a completely different type of theory and explains our experience of emotions in relation to its opposites. Richard Solomon and John Corbit suggest that the experience of an emotion disrupts the body's state of balance and that our basic emotions typically have their opposing counterparts (Solomon & Corbit, 1974).

SIGMUND FREUD

Sigmund Freud believed that mental illness came from repressed emotions in the unconscious mind. Freud believed that release and acceptance of these denied or repressed emotions and memories were vital for mental health. If this emotional energy was not released, Freud noted that it led to physiological symptoms and illnesses. He termed these physiological manifestations of emotions "psychosomatic." Severe psychosomatic cases of repressed memories of trauma led to a diagnosis of "hysteria.“

DEVELOPING EMOTIONALLY HEALTHY PERSONALITY

1. Exercise restraint and temperance and moderation in the expression of your emotion.

2. Cultivate a sense of humor. 3. Learn to accept the inevitable things in life. 4. Develop an attitude of consideration and respect for the

rights of other people. 5. Pursue a hobby that will open new avenues of interest,

engage your attitude and divert it from the routine, humdrum work of daily life.

6. Be humble to accept your own mistakes. 7. Avoid the occasions that will cause your trigger violent

emotions. 8. Redirect the expression of certain emotions through

substitution of more desirable ones—this is sublimation. 9. Learn to accept yourself for what you are. 10. Cultivate friendship.

QUOTES ON EMOTION: Colors, like features, follow the changes of the emotions.”

~Pablo Picasso Every role varies greatly, just as emotions vary greatly.”

~Corin Nemec

"An emotion is a complex psychological state that involves three distinct components: asubjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response.“

~(Hockenbury & Hockenbury, 2007

WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?

BSEd I-A2015-2016

Vea D. Leocario