EMT - GFX Fancopter B1

Detect and Avoid for UA

COST ES0802

02nd – 04th of September 2009

Dr. Dirk-Roger Schmitt - Dipl. Phys. Mirsad Delić

German Aerospace Center

2AT-One, COST ES0802, Dipl. Phys. M. Delic

EMT - GFX Fancopter B1Aladin

EuroHawk LUNA


Contents of the Presentation

D&A Study Description of the Study Problems D&A in case of UA Approaches:

1. Comparison of an UA with the capabilities of a human pilot

2. Which level of D&A reliability has to be reached by an UA?

3. Special UA Safety Net extension vs. D&A Results of the Study

WASLA HALEUA Mission Simulations

Basic Scenario Aspects of the Scenario Simulation Platform


Description of the Study

The D&A Study was a contribution to the development of the basics for the admission and operation of Unmanned Aircraft in the German Airspace.

The main aim of this study was the formulation of respective requirements.

The result are supposed to show the way for the usage of UA in various fields of application, e.g.:

Military: Surveillance and exploration of dangerous areas

Civil: Freight transportation Others: e.g.

o Surveillance of borders (land and sea)o Detection of environmental crimeso Support of police activities


Problems D&A in case of UA

Which requirements have to be fulfilled in order to allow UA to participate in regular air traffic?

Is it necessary to extend existing security rules or are the already existing ones sufficient?

Which Safety Net elements are useful and/or is there a need for changes?

Is it possible to use existing procedures?

Procedures for critical situations?

How shall UA be introduced in regular airspace?


First Approach: Comparison of an UA with the capabilities of a human pilot

Main question: What are requirements for a human pilot in order to be allowed steering an aircraft?

Consideration of existing FAA/ICAO regulations and procedures for the manned aviation

Link to study WASLA/HALE - AP4100/4200 “Specification of a generic Sense & Avoid System”

Problem:This approach is only suitable to a limited extent since it is necessary to use statistical medians that are influenced by several factors: visual faculty, fatigue, concentration, health condition, etc.


Second Approach: Which level of D&A reliability has to be reached by an UA?

Aims: Reach the reliability of a human pilot The risk for third parties in regular airspace shall not

be increased by the operation of an UA.

The reliability requirements are derived from statistics, see study WASLA/HALE – AP4100/4200 „ Specification of a generic Sense & Avoid System“

Statistical values are appropriate to determine the reliability of an UA.


Third Approach: Special UA Safety Net extension vs. D&A

In which airspace shall UA be used first? Controlled airspace, TMZ (Transponder Mandatory

Zones), if necessary implementation of TTMZ (Temporary Transponder Mandatory Zones)

Extension to other airspaces?

Which useful sensors are available and are the existing procedures sufficient?

Performance of UA? Need for researches about: climbing and descent

properties, speed, avoidance properties, cruising altitudes, etc. Development of suitable operational procedures in order to allow a stepwise introduction (gathering of experience)



Can safety systems for manned aviation be transferred directly to unmanned aviation?

Every suitable sensor system has to be checked in detail for serviceability.

E.g. ACAS: As part of the Safety Net, this system is qualified, but procedures must be generated, how and when an UA has to react on respective advisories.

Is it possible to reduce the demands for D&A by adjustment of the first three safety layers or can it be even made unnecessary?

How would the minimal operational requirements (MAPS und MOPS) look like?



Special Case Airport: Which systems are necessary in order to assure safe starts, landings and taxiing?

Datalink for communication and transfer of the taxi Airport map database – problem, how to keep it continuously up-to-date

TIS-B ADS-B Optical sensors, GPS, Galileo, etc.

Prevention of system failures ? Redundancy of essential systems Emergency procedures for automatic flying in case of

communication problems with ATC and/or operator.


Results of the Study

The D&A Study consists mainly of three essential components:

Research in the following areas:o UA: performance, reasons for malfunctions, fields of

application, operational scenarioso Sensors: technology, fields of application,

performanceo Safety Aspects: Safety Net, TCAS, ADS-B, A-SMGCS,

data linkso UA Projects: aims, results and experienceso German Airspace: layout and legislation

Analysis of data gained in the research and evaluation of different approaches for the development of respective requirements and recommendations

Development of requirements and recommendations


Results of the Study

Possible steps in the future: Stepwise introduction of UA, depending on Airspace

and mission definition

Use of new technology, e.g. TIS-B and ADS-B

Improvement of sensors in order to allow an earlier conflict detection

ASAS: Minimum distance to other aircraft should be bigger than in case of manned aviation

Generation and improvement of procedures concerning flight characteristics, change manoeuvres and reactions on critical situations


WASLA HALE

Participants:DLR (Lead)Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.

EADS (Subcontractor to DLR) European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company

ESG (Subcontractor to DLR) Elektroniksystem- und Logistik- GmbH

DFS (Subcontractor to DLR) Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, Langen

WTD 61Wehrtechnische Erprobungsstelle 61 in Manching

sponsored by:


WASLA HALE

Main objective of the project:Development of procedures and techniques for the integration of UA into civil controlled airspace and their validation in simulation and flight trials.

Project consists of 3 phases:1. Phase (2000): Definition Phase2. Phase (2001 – 2004):

procedure development (focus on emergency procedures)validation of procedures in ATC simulationsdevelopment and flight testing of a UAV evaluation

platform based on DLR’s research aircraft ATTAS3. Phase (2006 – 2008): Focus on “See and Avoid” aspects


WASLA HALE


WASLA HALE

Safety Layers in Civil Airspace

German UA Demonstrator Program WASLA-HALE

PHASE III

PHASE I+II


UA Mission SimulationBasic Scenario

The following scenario shall be used for the simulations:

• Start of HALE UA from home airport• Climb to cruising altitude• Flight to operational area• Flight back to home base and landing on airport

The simulations shall refer only to the flight phases within the airspace of the Federal Republic of Germany.

For the simulations real traffic data shall be used.


Basic Scenario

FL410

FL250

FL150

Enroute

Climb

Landing

Descend

Take-off

Germany Mission Area Germany


Aspects of the Scenario

In the simulations the following aspects shall be considered:

• Referring to regular traffic:o Traffic at different times of the day most

suitable time for Take-Off and Landingo Different airports for Take-Off and Landing

• Referring to UA:o Different trajectories for climb and descent

phases, i.e. different kinds of restricted areaso Different types of UA, i.e. different performance

during climb and descent phases

The aim is to find the most suitable airport, time and trajectory for climb and descent of an UA.


Simulation Platform

For the simulations the following DLR internal applications shall be used:1. Air Traffic Simulator

• Supports 2 kinds of traffic scenarios:o Simulation of the surrounding traffic of one aircrafto Simulation of up to 10000 aircraft departing and arriving

• Use of specific and defined aircraft types (BADA format) as UA: main reference type is the Cessna Citation II-CE 550

• Use of three airports:o ETNS (Schleswig – Jagel)o ETSI (Ingolstadt – Manching)o ETSH (Schönewalde – Holzdorf)

• Two different kinds of climb phases (in restricted area):o “Helix” above the airport area (radius: 10 km)o “Tunnel” for straight climbing


Simulation Platform

2. Integrated Pilot Assistance System CCG 2008• Advanced FMS• Consists of the four modules: HMI, Planning,

Interfaces and Situation Assessment


Date post:	14-Jan-2016
Category:	Documents
Upload:	sanjiv
View:	33 times
Download:	2 times

EMT - GFX Fancopter B1

Documents