EN 300 433-1 - V1.1.3 - Electromagnetic compatibility and ... · Citizen's Band (CB) radio...

ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);

Land Mobile Service;Double Side Band (DSB) and/or Single Side Band (SSB)

amplitude modulated citizen's band radio equipment;Part 1: Technical characteristics

and methods of measurement

ETSI

ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)2

ReferenceREN/ERM-RP02-055-1

KeywordsCB, radio, testing

ETSI

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© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2000.All rights reserved.

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ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)3

Contents

Intellectual Property Rights ..........................................................................................................................6

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................6

Introduction..................................................................................................................................................6

1 Scope..................................................................................................................................................8

2 References ..........................................................................................................................................8

3 Definitions, abbreviations and symbols ...............................................................................................93.1 Definitions .................................................................................................................................................. 93.2 Abbreviations.............................................................................................................................................. 93.3 Symbols ...................................................................................................................................................... 9

4 General.............................................................................................................................................104.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes........................................................................................... 104.2 Mechanical and electrical design................................................................................................................ 104.2.1 General................................................................................................................................................ 104.2.2 Controls............................................................................................................................................... 104.2.3 Marking............................................................................................................................................... 104.3 Interpretation of the measurement results................................................................................................... 10

5 Technical characteristics ...................................................................................................................115.1 Common characteristics............................................................................................................................. 115.1.1 Frequency band.................................................................................................................................... 115.1.2 Carrier frequencies and channel numbers.............................................................................................. 115.1.3 Channel spacing................................................................................................................................... 115.1.4 Multi-channel equipment...................................................................................................................... 115.1.5 Type of modulation.............................................................................................................................. 115.1.6 Push-to-talk (ptt) and voice activated switch......................................................................................... 125.1.7 Combination with other equipment....................................................................................................... 125.2 Transmitter parameter limits...................................................................................................................... 125.2.1 Frequency error.................................................................................................................................... 125.2.2 Transmitter Radio Frequency (RF) power............................................................................................. 125.2.3 Adjacent channel power ....................................................................................................................... 125.2.4 Spurious emissions of the transmitter.................................................................................................... 135.2.5 Transient frequency behaviour of the transmitter .................................................................................. 145.2.6 Synthesizers......................................................................................................................................... 145.3 Receiver parameter limits .......................................................................................................................... 145.3.1 Maximum usable sensitivity................................................................................................................. 145.3.2 Adjacent channel selectivity................................................................................................................. 145.3.3 Intermodulation response rejection ....................................................................................................... 145.3.4 Spurious radiation ................................................................................................................................ 155.3.5 Spurious response rejection .................................................................................................................. 15

6 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures .................................................................156.1 Normal and extreme test conditions ........................................................................................................... 156.2 Test power source...................................................................................................................................... 156.3 Normal test conditions............................................................................................................................... 166.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity ........................................................................................................ 166.3.2 Normal test power source..................................................................................................................... 166.3.2.1 Mains voltage and frequency .......................................................................................................... 166.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources on vehicles .................................................................... 166.3.2.3 Other power sources ....................................................................................................................... 166.4 Extreme test conditions.............................................................................................................................. 166.4.1 Extreme temperatures........................................................................................................................... 166.4.2 Extreme test source voltages ................................................................................................................ 166.4.2.1 Mains voltage................................................................................................................................. 166.4.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources on vehicles .................................................................... 16

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ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)4

6.4.2.3 Power sources using other types of battery ...................................................................................... 176.4.2.4 Other power sources ....................................................................................................................... 176.5 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures................................................................................................ 17

7 General conditions ............................................................................................................................177.1 Arrangements for test signals applied to the receiver input ......................................................................... 177.2 Receiver mute or squelch facility............................................................................................................... 177.3 Receiver rated audio output power ............................................................................................................. 177.4 Transmitter rated RF power ....................................................................................................................... 187.5 Normal test modulation ............................................................................................................................. 187.5.1 DSB modulation .................................................................................................................................. 187.5.2 SSB modulation ................................................................................................................................... 187.6 Artificial antenna....................................................................................................................................... 187.7 Test fixture................................................................................................................................................ 197.8 Arrangement for test signals at the input of the transmitter ......................................................................... 197.9 Test site and general arrangements for radiated measurements.................................................................... 19

8 Method of measurement for transmitter parameters ...........................................................................198.1 Frequency error ......................................................................................................................................... 198.1.1 Definition ............................................................................................................................................ 198.1.2 Method of measurement....................................................................................................................... 198.2 Transmitter RF power................................................................................................................................ 208.2.1 Definition ............................................................................................................................................ 208.2.2 Method of measurement (for equipment other than equipment with integral antenna only) .................... 208.2.3 Method of measurement for equipment with integral antenna................................................................ 208.3 Adjacent channel power ............................................................................................................................ 218.3.1 Definition ............................................................................................................................................ 218.3.2 Method of measurement....................................................................................................................... 218.4 Spurious emissions.................................................................................................................................... 228.4.1 Definition ............................................................................................................................................ 228.4.2 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load,((clause 8.4.1, a))........................................... 228.4.3 Method of measuring the effective radiated power,((clause 8.4.1b)) ...................................................... 22

8.4.4 Method of measuring the effective radiated power,((clause 8.4.1 c))....................... 238.5 Transient frequency behaviour of the transmitter........................................................................................ 238.5.1 Definitions........................................................................................................................................... 238.5.2 Method of measurement....................................................................................................................... 24

9 Methods of measurement for receiver parameters..............................................................................269.1 Maximum usable sensitivity ...................................................................................................................... 269.1.1 Definition ............................................................................................................................................ 269.1.2 Method of measurement....................................................................................................................... 269.2 Adjacent channel selectivity ...................................................................................................................... 269.2.1 Definition ............................................................................................................................................ 269.2.2 Method of measurement....................................................................................................................... 269.3 Inter-modulation response rejection ........................................................................................................... 279.3.1 Definition ............................................................................................................................................ 279.3.2 Method of measurement....................................................................................................................... 279.4 Spurious radiation ..................................................................................................................................... 279.4.1 Definition ............................................................................................................................................ 279.4.2 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load,((clause 9.4.1 a))............................................ 289.4.3 Method of measuring the effective radiated power,((clause 9.4.1 b)) ..................................................... 289.4.4 Method of measuring the effective radiated power,((clause 9.4.1 c)) ..................................................... 299.5 Spurious response rejection ....................................................................................................................... 299.5.1 Definition ............................................................................................................................................ 299.5.2 Method of measurement....................................................................................................................... 29

10 Measurement uncertainty ..................................................................................................................29

Annex A (normative): Radiated measurement ..............................................................................31

A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields ................31A.1.1 Outdoor test site ........................................................................................................................................ 31A.1.1.1 Test site for hand-portable stations ....................................................................................................... 31

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A.1.2 Test antenna.............................................................................................................................................. 32A.1.3 Substitution antenna .................................................................................................................................. 32A.1.4 Optional additional indoor site................................................................................................................... 33

A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .........................................................................................33A.2.1 Measuring distance.................................................................................................................................... 34A.2.2 Test antenna.............................................................................................................................................. 34A.2.3 Substitution antenna .................................................................................................................................. 34A.2.4 Artificial antenna....................................................................................................................................... 34A.2.5 Auxiliary cables ........................................................................................................................................ 34

A.3 Further optional alternative indoor test site using an anechoic chamber .............................................34A.3.1 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber...................................................................... 35A.3.2 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers .............................................................................. 35A.3.3 Calibration of the shielded anechoic chamber............................................................................................. 36

Annex B (normative): Specification for adjacent channel power measurementarrangements .............................................................................................38

B.1 Power measuring receiver specification.............................................................................................38B.1.1 IF filter...................................................................................................................................................... 38B.1.2 Variable attenuator .................................................................................................................................... 39B.1.3 Rms value indicator................................................................................................................................... 39B.1.4 Oscillator and amplifier ............................................................................................................................. 39

History .......................................................................................................................................................40

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ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)6

Intellectual Property RightsIPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The informationpertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be foundin ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI inrespect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Webserver (http://www.etsi.org/ipr).

Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guaranteecan be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Webserver) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.

ForewordThis European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical CommitteeElectromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).

The present document is the first part of a multi-part standard, the titles of which are:

Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of measurement;

Part 2: Harmonized EN covering essential requirements under article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive.

Every EN prepared by ETSI is a voluntary standard. The present document contains text concerning the type approvalof equipment to which it relates. This text does not make the present document mandatory in its status as a standard.However, the present document can be referenced, wholly or in part, for mandatory application by decisions ofregulatory bodies.

The national regulations on Citizens' Band (CB) equipment that permit the use of other types of modulation or powerlevels will not necessarily be affected by the adoption of the present document.

National transposition dates

Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 March 2001

Date of latest publication of new National Standardor endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 September 2001

Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 September 2001

IntroductionThe present document is intended to specify the minimum performance and the methods of measurement of CB DoubleSide Band (DSB) and/or Single Side Band (SSB) amplitude modulated radio equipment as specified in the Scope.

Clause 5 provides the corresponding limits. These limits have been chosen to ensure an acceptable grade of service andto minimize harmful interference to other equipment and services.

Administrative arrangements (e.g. for type approval, marking, antennas), and conditions for the use of CB DSB and/orSSB amplitude modulated radios are to be determined by the national regulatory authorities.

The present document may be used by European notified accredited test laboratories for the assessment of theperformance of the equipment. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document standardcontains instructions for the presentation of equipment for type testing purposes (clause 4), conditions (clauses 6 and 7)and measurement methods (clauses 8 and 9).

http://www.etsi.org/ipr

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ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)7

The present document was drafted on the assumption that:

a) the type test measurements would be performed only once in one of the accredited test laboratories, and thenaccepted by the various authorities in order to obtain type approval;

b) if equipment available on the market is required to be checked it should be tested in accordance with the methodsspecified in the present document.

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ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)8

1 ScopeThe present document applies to Double Side Band (DSB) and/or Single Side Band (SSB) amplitude modulatedCitizen's Band (CB) radio equipment operating in the frequency band 26,960 MHz to 27,410 MHz with a channelspacing of 10 kHz, and intended for analogue speech and/or data transmission.

The present document covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of theavailable frequencies. It does not necessarily include all the characteristics that may be required by a user, nor does itnecessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.

The present document covers base stations, mobile stations and two categories of hand-portable stations.

The present document is complementary to ETS 300 135 [1] which concerns angle modulated CB radio equipment(CEPT PR 27).

Any CB equipment covered by the present document that can also work with angle modulation is also required to meetETS 300 135 [1].

The present document is based upon existing national standards.

The present document applies to equipment with a socket for an external antenna and to equipment with an integralantenna.

In the case of equipment that is intended for use with either an integral antenna or an external antenna, the equipment isspecified to be measured as equipment intended for use with an external antenna and specified to meet the appropriatelimits. In addition to this the following characteristics of the transmitter and receiver are specified to be measured as forequipment for use with an integral antenna and the appropriate limits are defined:

- transmitter carrier power;

- spurious emissions of the transmitter;

- spurious radiation of the receiver.

2 ReferencesThe following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the presentdocument.

• References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) ornon-specific.

• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.

• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies.

[1] ETSI ETS 300 135 (1991): "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Angle-modulated CitizensBand radio equipment (CEPT PR 27 Radio Equipment); Technical characteristics and methods ofmeasurement".

[2] CISPR Publication No 16-1 (1993): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuringapparatus and methods - Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".

[3] CCITT Recommendation O.41 (1988): "Psophometer for use on telephone-type circuits".

[4] ETSI ETR 028 (1992): "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Uncertainties in the measurementof mobile radio equipment characteristics".

[5] ETSI ETS 300 680-2: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility(EMC) standard for Citizens Band (CB) radio and ancillary equipment (speech and/or non-speech); Part 2: Double Side Band (DSB) and/or Single Side Band (SSB)".

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[6] Council Directive 89/336/EEC of 3 May 1989 on the approximation of the laws of the MemberStates relating to electromagnetic compatibility.

3 Definitions, abbreviations and symbols

3.1 DefinitionsFor the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:

base station: Equipment fitted with an antenna socket, for use with an external antenna, and intended for use in a fixedlocation

mobile station: Mobile equipment fitted with an antenna socket, for use with an external antenna, normally used in avehicle or as a transportable station

hand-portable station: Equipment fitted either with an antenna socket, an integral antenna, or both, normally used on astand-alone basis, to be carried on a person or held in the hand

integral antenna: An antenna designed to be connected to the equipment without the use of a 50 Ω external connectorand considered to be part of the equipment. An integral antenna may be fitted internally or externally to the equipment

Double Side Band (DSB) modulation: DSB amplitude modulation (A3E)

Single Side Band (SSB) modulation: SSB amplitude modulation with suppressed carrier (J3E), using the Upper SideBand (USB) or the Lower Side Band (LSB)

3.2 AbbreviationsFor the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:

A3E DSB amplitude modulationac alternating currentCB Citizens' BanddBA relative sound level in dB incorporating A-weighting curveDSB Double Side Bandemf electro-motive forceIF Intermediate FrequencyJ3E SSB amplitude modulation with suppressed carrierLSB Lower Side BandPEP Peak Envelope Powerptt push-to-talkRF Radio Frequencyrms root mean squareSINAD SND/NDSND/N (Signal + Noise + Distortion)/(Noise)SND/ND (Signal + Noise + Distortion)/(Noise + Distortion)SSB Single Side BandUSB Upper Side Band

3.3 SymbolsFor the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:

Eo reference field strength, (see annex A)

Ro reference distance, (see annex A)

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4 General

4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposesThe manufacturer shall provide a production model of the equipment for type testing.

Tests shall be carried out on the highest and lowest channel within the switching range of the equipment and on achannel near the middle of the switching range. The switching range of the receiver and transmitter shall be declared bythe manufacturer.

NOTE: The switching range is the maximum frequency range over which the receiver or the transmitter can beoperated without reprogramming or realignment.

In the case of equipment fitted with one channel only, all tests are carried out on that channel.

In the case of equipment fitted with two channels, all tests are carried out on both channels.

4.2 Mechanical and electrical design

4.2.1 General

The equipment submitted by the manufacturer or his representative, shall be designed, constructed and manufactured inaccordance with sound engineering practice, and with the aim to minimize harmful interference to other equipment andservices.

4.2.2 Controls

Those controls which, if maladjusted might increase the interfering potentialities of the equipment or improperfunctioning of the transceiver, shall not be accessible to the user.

4.2.3 Marking

The marking shall be in accordance with the requirements of the national regulatory authorities.

4.3 Interpretation of the measurement resultsThe interpretation of the results recorded in a test report when making the measurements described in the presentdocument shall be as follows:

a) the measured value related to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether an equipment meets theminimum requirements of the present document;

b) the actual measurement uncertainty for each particular measurement shall be included in the test report;

c) the values, of the actual measurement uncertainty shall be, for each measurement, equal to or less than thefigures given in clause 10 (table of measurement uncertainty).

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5 Technical characteristics

5.1 Common characteristics

5.1.1 Frequency band

The maximum operating frequency band shall be from 26,960 MHz to 27,410 MHz. Equipment may operate on one ormore channels up to a maximum of 40 channels.

The operating frequency band specified in the present document is currently allocated for CB equipment in mostEuropean countries. This fact does not prevent the upholding of the other 27 MHz frequency bands allocated to CBequipment in some countries, nor future extensions which could be decided by CEPT/ERC or by the national regulatoryauthorities.

5.1.2 Carrier frequencies and channel numbers.

The allowed carrier frequencies and associated channel numbers are given in table 1. Transmission and reception shalltake place on the same channel (single frequency simplex mode).

Table 1: Carrier frequency and channel number

Carrier frequencies(MHz)

Channelnumber


Channelnumber


Channelnumber

26,965 1 27,135 15 27,295 2926,975 2 27,155 16 27,305 3026,985 3 27,165 17 27,315 3127,005 4 27,175 18 27,325 3227,015 5 27,185 19 27,335 3327,025 6 27,205 20 27,345 3427,035 7 27,215 21 27,355 3527,055 8 27,225 22 27,365 3627,065 9 27,235 24 27,375 3727,075 10 27,245 25 27,385 3827,085 11 27,255 23 27,395 3927,105 12 27,265 26 27,405 4027,115 13 27,275 2727,125 14 27,285 28

5.1.3 Channel spacing

The channel spacing shall be 10 kHz.

5.1.4 Multi-channel equipment

Multi-channel equipment may be used, provided that such equipment is only designed for the channels indicated inclause 5.1.2.

Precautions shall be taken against extension of the usable frequency range by the user, e.g. the physical and electricaldesign of the channel switching system shall permit operation in not more than the channels indicated in clause 5.1.2.

5.1.5 Type of modulation

Equipment only capable of using A3E or J3E shall be tested according to the present document by using the appropriatetype of modulation.

Equipment capable of using both A3E and J3E shall be tested to the present document in both modes of modulation.

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5.1.6 Push-to-talk (ptt) and voice activated switch

Switching between the transmit and receive mode of operation shall be by means of a non-locking push-to-talk (ptt)switch or by means of a non-locking voice activated switch. Alternatively, a locking ptt or a locking voice activatedswitch may be used provided that the transmitter has a time-out of 10 seconds ±5 seconds.

If a voice activated switch is used it shall not respond to ambient noise. This may be implemented by a volumethreshold control. When this threshold is exceeded, the unit shall switch to transmit mode.

For SSB amplitude modulated CB equipment with a microphone jack, the threshold level adjustment shall be accessibleto the user and, for DSB amplitude modulated CB equipment with a microphone jack, the threshold level adjustmentmay be accessible to the user.

For equipment without a microphone jack, the threshold level shall be fixed at 80 dBA (at 1 kHz).

All adjustment points that have influence on the threshold and are accessible by the user, shall be safe againstunintended change of setting.

5.1.7 Combination with other equipment

The CB equipment shall not be combined with any other form of transmitting equipment. If it is combined with areceiving equipment, e.g. a car-radio, it shall not be possible to operate the latter during the transmission mode of theCB equipment.

Terminals or other connecting points are permitted for the connection of external devices that shall not modulate thetransmitter (e.g. a voice synthesizer device to give an aural indication of the selected channel).

The CB equipment shall not be provided with any terminals or other connection points, internal or external, formodulating sources other than those required for either a separate or a built-in microphone, or for selective callingdevices.

Equipment fitted with a selective calling device shall meet the requirements of clause 5.2.4 with the device in operation.

5.2 Transmitter parameter limits

5.2.1 Frequency error

For the definition and the measuring method see clause 8.1.

The frequency error shall not exceed 0,6 kHz.

5.2.2 Transmitter Radio Frequency (RF) power

For the definition and the measuring method see clause 8.2.

Both the transmitter RF power (terminated in 50 Ω), and the effective radiated power of an equipment with an integralantenna, shall not exceed the following limits:

- 1 W (carrier power) for DSB amplitude modulated equipment;

- 4 W Peak Envelope Power (PEP) for SSB amplitude modulated equipment.

Any adjustment circuit that may raise the transmitter RF power above these limits shall not be accessible to the user.

5.2.3 Adjacent channel power

For the definition and measuring method see clause 8.3.

The adjacent channel power shall not exceed a value of 20 µW.

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ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)13

5.2.4 Spurious emissions of the transmitter


The power of conducted and radiated spurious emissions shall not exceed 4 nW for the transmitter operating and 2 nWfor the transmitter in the stand-by condition in the following frequency bands:

- 47 MHz to 74 MHz;

- 87,5 MHz to 118 MHz;

- 174 MHz to 230 MHz;

- 470 MHz to 862 MHz.

The power of any spurious emissions on any other frequency in the specified ranges shall not exceed the limits given intables 2 and 3.

Table 2: Limits for conducted emissions

Frequency range Transmitter operating Transmitter stand-by9 kHz to 1 GHz 0,25 µW (- 36 dBm) 2 nW (- 57 dBm)1 GHz to 2 GHz

(or 4 GHz),(see clause 8.4.2)

1 µW (- 30 dBm) 20 nW (- 47 dBm)

Table 3: Limits for radiated emissions

Frequency range Transmitter operating Transmitter stand-by25 MHz to 1 GHz 0,25 µW (- 36 dBm) 2 nW (- 57 dBm)1 GHz to 2 GHz


1 µW (- 30 dBm) 20 nW (- 47 dBm)

Table 4 should be used for the measurement bandwidth for conducted and radiated measurements.

Table 4: Measuring bandwidth

Frequency range Bandwidth (- 6 dB)9 kHz to 150 kHz 200 Hz

>150 kHz to 30 MHz 9 kHz to 10 kHz>30 MHz to 1 GHz 100 kHz to 120 kHz

>1 GHz 1 MHz

The measurement detector used for this measurement should be a peak detector in accordance with CISPR PublicationNo 16-1 [2].

In the case of radiated measurements for hand-portable stations the following conditions shall apply:

- for integral antenna equipment the normal antenna shall be connected;

- for equipment with an external antenna socket an artificial load shall be connected to the socket for the test.

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5.2.5 Transient frequency behaviour of the transmitter

This measurement applies only to equipment with an external antenna connector.

For the definition and measurement method see clause 8.5.

The transient periods are shown in clause 8.5, figure 2, and are as follows:

- t1 5,0 ms;

- t2 20,0 ms;

- t3 5,0 ms.

During the periods t1 and t3 the frequency difference shall not exceed the value of one channel separation.

During the period t2 the frequency difference shall not exceed the value of half a channel separation.

5.2.6 Synthesizers

If, for determining the transmitter frequency, use is made of a synthesizer, the transmitter shall be inhibited whensynchronization is absent.

5.3 Receiver parameter limits

5.3.1 Maximum usable sensitivity

This requirement applies only to equipment with an external antenna connector.


The maximum usable sensitivity shall not exceed an electro motive force (emf) of +12 dBµV for DSB equipment and+6 dBµV for SSB equipment.

5.3.2 Adjacent channel selectivity



The adjacent channel selectivity shall not be less than 60 dB.

5.3.3 Intermodulation response rejection


For the definition and measurement method see clause 9.3.

The intermodulation response rejection ratio shall not be less than 48 dB.

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5.3.4 Spurious radiation

For the definition and the measurement method see clause 9.4.

The power of any spurious radiation shall not exceed the values in tables 5 and 6.

Table 5: Limits for conducted emissions

Frequency range Limit9 kHz to 1 GHz 2 nW (-57 dBm)1 GHz to 2 GHz


20 nW (-47 dBm)

Table 6: Limits for radiated emissions

Frequency range Limit25 MHz to 1 GHz 2 nW (-57 dBm)1 GHz to 2 GHz


20 nW (-47 dBm)

5.3.5 Spurious response rejection


For the definition and the measurement method see clause 9.5.

At any frequency separated from the nominal frequency of the receiver by more than two channels, the spuriousresponse rejection ratio shall not be less than 48 dB.

6 Test conditions, power sources and ambienttemperatures

6.1 Normal and extreme test conditionsType tests shall be made under normal test conditions and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions.

In the case of an equipment that can operate also in angle modulation (see ETS 300 135 [1]), the tests under normalconditions shall be performed at the same time for all types of modulation. The tests under extreme conditions shallthen be performed at the same time for all types of modulation.

6.2 Test power sourceDuring type tests the power source of the equipment shall be replaced by a test power source capable of producingnormal and extreme test voltages as specified in clauses 6.3.2 and 6.4.2.

The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.

For the purpose of tests, the voltage of the power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the equipment.

If the equipment is provided with a permanently connected power cable, the test voltage shall be that measured at thepoint of connection of the power cable to the equipment.

For battery operated equipment, the battery shall be removed and the test power source shall be applied as close to thebattery terminals as practicable.

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During tests the power source voltages shall be maintained within a tolerance of ±3 % relative to the voltage at thebeginning of each test.

6.3 Normal test conditions

6.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity

The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature andhumidity within the following ranges:

- temperature: +15°C to +35°C;

- relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.

When it is impracticable to carry out the tests under the conditions stated above, a note to this effect, stating the actualtemperature and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report.

6.3.2 Normal test power source

For the purpose of the present document, the nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage or any of the declaredvoltages for which the equipment is designed.

6.3.2.1 Mains voltage and frequency

The normal test voltage for equipment to be connected to the mains shall be the nominal mains voltage.

The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the mains alternating current (ac) shall be between 49 and51 Hz.

6.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources on vehicles

When the radio equipment is intended for operation from the usual types of regulated lead-acid battery power source ofvehicles, the normal test voltage shall be 1,1 times the nominal voltage of the battery (6 V, 12 V etc.).

6.3.2.3 Other power sources

For operation from other power sources or types of battery (primary or secondary), the normal test voltage shall be thatdeclared by the equipment manufacturer.

6.4 Extreme test conditions

6.4.1 Extreme temperatures

For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in clause6.5, at the upper and lower temperatures of -10°C and +55°C respectively.

6.4.2 Extreme test source voltages

6.4.2.1 Mains voltage

The extreme test voltage for equipment to be connected to an ac mains source shall be the nominal voltage ±10 %.

6.4.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources on vehicles

When the equipment is intended for operation from the usual types of regulated lead-acid battery power sources ofvehicles the extreme test voltages shall be 1,3 and 0,9 times the nominal voltage of the battery (6 V, 12 V etc.).

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6.4.2.3 Power sources using other types of battery

The lower extreme test voltages for equipment with power sources using the following batteries shall be:

- for the Leclanché‚ or the lithium type of battery, 0,85 times the nominal voltage of the battery;

- for the mercury or nickel-cadmium type of battery, 0,9 times the nominal voltage of the battery.

No upper extreme test voltages apply.

6.4.2.4 Other power sources

For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extremetest voltages shall be those agreed between the equipment manufacturer and the testing laboratory and shall be recordedin the test report.

6.5 Procedure for tests at extreme temperaturesBefore measurements are made the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. If the thermalbalance is not checked by measurements, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour, or such period as may bedecided by the testing laboratory, shall be allowed. The equipment shall be switched off during the temperaturestabilizing period.

The sequence of measurements shall be chosen, and the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so thatexcessive condensation does not occur.

For tests at the upper extreme temperature the equipment shall be placed in the test chamber and left until thermalbalance is attained. The equipment shall then be switched on for one minute in the transmit condition, followed by fourminutes in the receive condition, after which the equipment shall meet the specified requirements.

For tests at the lower extreme temperature the equipment shall be left in the test chamber until thermal balance isattained, then switched to the standby or receive condition for one minute after which the equipment shall meet thespecified requirements.

7 General conditions

7.1 Arrangements for test signals applied to the receiver inputSources of test signals for application to the receiver input shall be connected in such a way that the impedancepresented to the receiver input is 50 Ω. This requirement shall be met irrespective of whether one or more signals aresupplied to the receiver simultaneously.

The levels of the test signals shall be expressed in terms of the emf at the receiver input terminals.

The effects of any inter-modulation products and noise produced in the signal generators should be negligible.

7.2 Receiver mute or squelch facilityIf the receiver is equipped with a mute or squelch circuit, this shall be made inoperative for the duration of the typeapproval tests.

7.3 Receiver rated audio output powerThe rated audio output power shall be the maximum power, declared by the manufacturer, for which all therequirements of the present document are met. With normal test modulation (clause 7.5), the audio power shall bemeasured in a resistive load, simulating the load with which the receiver normally operates. The value of this load shallbe declared by the manufacturer.

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7.4 Transmitter rated RF powerThe rated transmitter RF power shall be the maximum transmitter RF power declared by the manufacturer. Thetransmitter RF power measured under normal conditions shall be within ±2 dB of the rated transmitter RF power.

7.5 Normal test modulation

7.5.1 DSB modulation

a) modulation for the transmitter tests:

- the transmitter shall be modulated by a test signal of 1 250 Hz at a level that is 20 dB higher than thatrequired to produce a modulation depth of 60 %;

b) modulation for the receiver tests:

- the modulation shall be at a frequency of 1 kHz and at a level resulting in a modulation depth of 60 %.

7.5.2 SSB modulation

a) two tone modulation for transmitter tests:

For the two-tone modulation, two audio frequency generators are required, the signals of which shall becombined and simultaneously available at the microphone input of the unit under test. The generators shallnot influence each other.

One of the generators shall be switched off. With the other one, the transmitter shall be modulated asdescribed in clause 7.5.2 b), but by an audio frequency of 400 Hz.

This generator shall be switched off, and the other one shall then be switched on.

The transmitter shall be modulated as described in clause 7.5.2 b), but by an audio frequency of 2,5 kHz.

Then both generators shall be switched on.

b) One-tone modulation for transmitter tests:

The transmitter shall be modulated by an audio frequency of 1 kHz.

The normal test modulation level shall be 20 dB higher than the audio frequency level which produces themaximum RF output power declared by the manufacturer.

For the measurement of the frequency error, the normal test modulation level shall be the audio frequencylevel which produces the maximum RF output power declared by the manufacturer.

c) One-tone modulation for receiver tests:

The unmodulated carrier of the RF test generator shall be adjusted 1 kHz up (for USB) or down (for LSB) inrespect to the frequencies given in clause 5.1.2.

7.6 Artificial antennaTests on the transmitter shall be carried out with a non-reactive non-radiating load of 50 Ω connected to the antennaterminals.

Tests on the transmitter requiring the use of a test fixture (see clause 7.7) shall be performed with a 50 Ω non-reactivenon-radiating load connected to the test fixture.

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7.7 Test fixtureIn the case of equipment intended for use with an integral antenna, the manufacturer may be required to supply a testfixture suitable to allow relative measurements to be made on the submitted sample.

The test fixture shall provide means of making external connection to the audio frequency input and radio frequencyoutput and of replacing the power source by external power supplies.

The test fixture shall provide a 50 Ω RF terminal at the working frequencies of the equipment.

The performance characteristics of this test fixture under normal and extreme conditions are subject to the approval ofthe test laboratory.

The characteristics of interest to the test laboratory shall be such that:

a) the coupling loss shall not be greater than 30 dB;

b) the variation of coupling loss with frequency shall not cause errors exceeding 2 dB in measurements using thetest fixture;

c) the coupling device shall not include any non-linear elements.

The test laboratory may provide its own test fixture. The test fixture may be replaced by a temporary internal 50 Ω testpoint.

7.8 Arrangement for test signals at the input of the transmitterThe transmitter audio frequency modulation signal shall be supplied by a generator applied at the connections of themicrophone insert, unless otherwise stated.

7.9 Test site and general arrangements for radiatedmeasurements

For guidance on radiation test sites see annex A. Detailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements areincluded in this annex.

8 Method of measurement for transmitter parametersIf the unit to be tested is designed to operate in USB and in LSB, each side band has to be measured separately for allpoints of the performed tests.

8.1 Frequency error

8.1.1 Definition

The frequency error of the transmitter is the difference between the measured frequency and its nominal value.

8.1.2 Method of measurement

The carrier frequency shall be measured in DSB without modulation and in SSB with modulation (seeclause 7.5.2,b)),with the transmitter connected to an artificial antenna (see clause 7.6).

NOTE: When testing in the SSB mode the RF (nominal frequency) is shifted by the modulation frequency, i.e.1 kHz, and the resulting frequency is displayed.

Equipment with an integral antenna shall be placed in a test fixture (see clause 7.7) connected to an artificial antenna(see clause 7.6).

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ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)20

The measurement shall be made under normal test conditions (see clause 6.3) and repeated under extreme testconditions (clauses 6.4.1 and 6.4.2 applied simultaneously).

8.2 Transmitter RF power

8.2.1 Definition

The transmitter power is the power delivered to the artificial antenna during a radio frequency cycle, or in the case ofequipment with integral antenna, the effective radiated power in the direction of maximum field strength underspecified conditions of measurement (clause 7.9).

8.2.2 Method of measurement (for equipment other than equipment withintegral antenna only)

The transmitter shall be connected to an artificial antenna (clause 7.6), and the power delivered to this artificial antennashall be measured.

The measurements shall be made under normal test conditions (clause 6.3) and extreme test conditions (clauses 6.4.1and 6.4.2 applied simultaneously).

In DSB the carrier power without modulation shall be measured.

In SSB with modulation (clause 7.5.2 a)) the PEP shall be measured by a RF watt-meter with direct reading of the PEPor by a RF power analyser.

8.2.3 Method of measurement for equipment with integral antenna

On a test site selected from annex A the equipment shall be placed on the support in one of the following positions:

- for equipment with an internal antenna, it shall stand so that the axis of the equipment which in its normal use isclosest to the vertical, shall be vertical;

- for equipment with a rigid external antennas, the antenna shall be vertical;

- for equipment with a non-rigid external antenna, the antenna shall be extended vertically upwards by a non-conducting support.

The test antenna shall be oriented for vertical polarization and the length of the test antenna shall be chosen tocorrespond to the frequency of the transmitter. The output of the test antenna shall be connected to measuringequipment.

The transmitter shall be switched on without modulation in DSB or with modulation (clause 7.5.2, b)) in SSB. Themodulation shall be supplied by a loudspeaker, the connecting wires shall be lead vertically downwards.

The measuring receiver shall be tuned to the frequency of the transmitter under test. The test antenna shall be raised andlowered through the specified height range until a maximum signal level is detected by the measuring receiver.

The transmitter shall then be rotated through 360° in the horizontal plane until the maximum signal level is detected bythe measuring receiver.

The maximum signal level detected by the measuring receiver shall be noted.

The transmitter shall be replaced by a substitution antenna as defined in annex A, clause A.2.3.

The substitution antenna shall be oriented for vertical polarization and the length of the substitution antenna shall beadjusted to correspond to the frequency of the transmitter.

The substitution antenna shall be connected to a calibrated signal generator.

The input attenuator setting of the measuring receiver shall be adjusted in order to increase the sensitivity of themeasuring receiver.

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The test antenna shall be raised and lowered through the specified height range to ensure that the maximum signal isreceived.

The input signal to the substitution antenna shall be adjusted to the level that produces a level detected by the measuringreceiver, that is equal to the level noted while the transmitter radiated power was measured, corrected for the change ofinput attenuator setting of the measuring receiver.

The measurement shall be repeated with the test antenna and the substitution antenna oriented for horizontalpolarization.

The measure of the effective radiated power is the larger of the two power levels recorded, at the input to thesubstitution antenna, corrected for gain of the antenna if necessary.

8.3 Adjacent channel power

8.3.1 Definition

The adjacent channel power is that part of the total output power of a transmitter, modulated under defined conditions,which falls within a specified bandwidth centred on the nominal frequency of either of the adjacent channels. Thispower is the sum of the mean power produced by the modulation process and by residual modulation caused by humand noise of the transmitter.


The adjacent channel power shall be measured with a power measuring receiver that conforms with the requirementsgiven in annex B and is referred to in this clause as the "receiver":

a) the transmitter RF output power shall be measured (see clause 8.2) without modulation in DSB or with one tonemodulation (see clause 7.5.2, b)) in SSB;

b) the output of the transmitter shall be linked to the input of the measuring receiver by a connecting device suchthat the impedance presented to the transmitter is 50 ohms and the level at the "receiver" input is appropriate;

For the equipment with an integral antenna the connecting device is a test fixture as described in clause 7.7. Withthe equipment under normal test conditions (clause 6.3) the transmitter shall be unmodulated in DSB or shall bemodulated with one tone (see clause 7.5.2 b)) in SSB, the tuning of the "receiver" shall be adjusted so that amaximum response is obtained. This is the 0 dB reference point. The "receiver" variable attenuator setting andthe reading of the root mean square (rms) value indicator shall be recorded.

c) the tuning of the "receiver" shall be adjusted away from the carrier so that the "receiver" 6 dB response nearest tothe transmitter carrier frequency is located at a displacement of 5,75 kHz from the nominal carrier frequency;

d) the transmitter shall be modulated in DSB (see clause 7.5.1, a)) or shall be modulated with two tones (see clause7.5.2, a)) in SSB;

e) the "receiver" variable attenuator shall be adjusted to obtain the same reading as in step b) or a known relation toit;

f) the ratio of adjacent channel power to RF power in step a) is the difference between the attenuator settings insteps b) and e), corrected for any differences in the reading of the rms value indicator;

g) the measurement shall be repeated with the "receiver" tuned to the other side of the carrier;

h) if the equipment has a microphone socket the measurement shall be repeated with an input level of 1,5 volts atthis socket.

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ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)22

8.4 Spurious emissions

8.4.1 Definition

Spurious emissions are emissions at frequencies other than those of the carrier and sidebands associated with normaltest modulation.

The level of spurious emissions shall be measured as:

a) power level in a specified load (conducted spurious emission); and

b) their effective radiated power when radiated by the cabinet and structure of the equipment (cabinet radiation); or

c) their effective radiated power when radiated by the cabinet and the integral antenna, in the case of hand-portableequipment fitted with such an antenna and no external RF connector.

8.4.2 Method of measuring the power level in a specifiedload,((clause 8.4.1, a))

The transmitter shall be connected to a 50 Ω power attenuator. The output of the power attenuator shall be connected toa measuring receiver.

The transmitter shall be switched on with modulation in DSB (clause 7.5.1, a)) or with 2-tone modulation in SSB(clause 7.5.2, a)).

The measuring receiver shall be according to CISPR Publication No 16-1 [2], with a peak detector, and shall be tunedover the frequency range from 9 kHz to 2 GHz (or 4 GHz, see last paragraph in this clause). The measurementbandwidth below 1 GHz shall be in accordance with CISPR Publication No 16-1 [2] and above 1 GHz, it shall be1 MHz.

At each frequency at which a spurious component is detected, the power level shall be recorded as the conductedspurious emission level delivered into the specified load, except for the channel on which the transmitter is intended tooperate and the adjacent channels.

The measurements shall be repeated with the transmitter on stand-by.

If spurious emissions are detected in the frequency range 1,5 GHz to 2 GHz with a level exceeding 0,1 µW (transmitteroperating) or 1 nW (transmitter on stand-by), the measurement of spurious emissions shall be extended to the frequencyrange 2 GHz to 4 GHz.

8.4.3 Method of measuring the effective radiated power,((clause 8.4.1b))

On a test site, selected from annex A, the equipment shall be placed at the specified height on the appropriate supportand in the position closest to normal use as declared by the manufacturer.

The transmitter antenna connector shall be connected to an artificial antenna, clause 7.6.

The test antenna shall be oriented for vertical polarization and the length of the test antenna shall be chosen tocorrespond to the instantaneous frequency of the measuring receiver, which shall be according to CISPR PublicationNo 16-1 [2].

The output of the test antenna shall be connected to a measuring receiver. The transmitter shall be switched on withmodulation in DSB (clause 7.5.1 a)) or with one tone modulation in SSB (clause 7.5.2 b)). The modulation shall besupplied by an acoustical source. The connecting wires shall be placed leading downwards vertically.

The measuring receiver with a peak detector shall be tuned over the frequency range from 25 MHz to 2 GHz (or 4 GHz,see last paragraph in this clause). The measurement bandwidth below 1 GHz shall be in accordance withCISPR Publication No 16-1 [2] and above 1 GHz, it shall be 1 MHz.

At each frequency at which a spurious component is detected, the test antenna shall be raised and lowered through thespecified range of heights until the maximum signal level is detected on the measuring receiver.

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The transmitter shall then be rotated through 360o in the horizontal plane, until the maximum signal level is detected bythe measuring receiver.

The maximum signal level detected by the measuring receiver shall be noted.

The transmitter shall be replaced by a substitution antenna as defined in annex A, clause A.1.3.

The substitution antenna shall be oriented for vertical polarization and the length of the substitution antenna shall beadjusted to correspond to the frequency of the spurious component detected.

The substitution antenna shall be connected to a calibrated signal generator.

The frequency of the calibrated signal generator shall be set to the frequency of the spurious component detected.

The input attenuator setting of the measuring receiver shall be adjusted in order to increase the sensitivity of themeasuring receiver, if necessary.

The test antenna shall be raised and lowered through the specified range of heights to ensure that the maximum signal isreceived.

The input signal to the substitution antenna shall be adjusted to the level that produces a level detected by the measuringreceiver, that is equal to the level noted while the spurious component was measured, corrected for the change of inputattenuator setting of the measuring receiver.

The input level to the substitution antenna shall be recorded as power level, corrected for the change of input attenuatorsetting of the measuring receiver.

The measurement shall be repeated with the test antenna and the substitution antenna oriented for horizontalpolarization.

The value of effective radiated power of the spurious components is the larger of the two power levels recorded for eachspurious component at the input to the substitution antenna, corrected for the gain of the antenna if necessary.

If the spurious component exceeds the limit level, the measurement at this frequency shall be repeated with a quasi-peakdetector.

The measurements shall be repeated with the transmitter on stand-by.

If spurious emissions are detected in the frequency range 1,5 GHz to 2 GHz with a level exceeding 0,1 µW (transmitteroperating) or 1 nW (transmitter on stand-by), the measurement of spurious emissions shall be extended to the frequencyrange 2 GHz to 4 GHz.

8.4.4 Method of measuring the effective radiated power,((clause 8.4.1 c))

The method of measurement shall be performed according to clause 8.4.3, except that the transmitter output shall beconnected to the integral antenna and not to an artificial antenna.

8.5 Transient frequency behaviour of the transmitter

8.5.1 Definitions

The transient frequency behaviour of the transmitter is the variation with respect to time of the transmitter frequencydistance from the nominal frequency of the transmitter when the RF output power is switched on and off.

ton: according to the method of measurement described in clause 8.5.2 the switch-on instant defined bythe condition when the output power, measured at the antenna terminal, exceeds 10 % of thenominal power.

t1: period of time starting at ton and finishing according to clause 5.2.5.

t2: period of time starting at end of t1 and finishing according to clause 5.2.5.

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toff: switch-off instant defined by the condition when the output power falls below 10 % of the nominalpower.

t3: period of time finishing at toff and starting according to clause 5.2.5.


Transceiver AttenuatorMeasurementDiscriminator

Digital StorageOscilloscope

RFPower Detector

Figure 1: Measurement arrangement

The measurement set up shall be assembled according to figure 1, but instead of the transceiver a test signal generatorshall be connected. The frequency shall be set to the nominal carrier frequency. The attenuator shall give a terminationwith correct impedance to the transceiver. It shall be adjusted, so that the limiting amplifier works in the limiting area,when the generator level exceeds the nominal output power of the transceiver by 10 %. The calibration of the testdiscriminator is checked by setting the test signal generator to a defined frequency deviation.

a) transient behaviour, switch ON condition;

The trigger threshold on the digital storage oscilloscope shall be set such that it triggers as soon as the levelexceeds 10 % of the nominal output power. The oscilloscope shall display the time frame after the point oftriggering.

The generator shall be replaced by the transmitter to be tested.

In DSB mode the transmitter is not modulated, in SSB mode the transmitter shall be modulated according toclause 7.5.2 b). If the transmitter is equipped with a socket for an external microphone, then in SSB mode, themodulating signal shall be present at this socket, even when the transmitter is not switched on.

The transient behaviour is measured by activating the ptt switch.

b) transient behaviour, switch OFF condition;

The trigger threshold on the digital storage oscilloscope shall be set such, that it triggers, as soon as the levelfalls below 10 % of the nominal output power. The oscilloscope shall display the time frame before the point oftriggering.

In DSB mode the transmitter is not modulated, in SSB mode the transmitter shall be modulated according toclause 7.5.2 b). If the transmitter is equipped with a socket for an external microphone, then in SSB mode, themodulating signal shall be present at this socket, even when the transmitter is not switched on.

The ptt is activated.

The transient behaviour is measured by releasing the ptt switch.

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ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)25

ms 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

ton t 1 t2

+ ∆ f = 1/2 channel separation

+ ∆ f = 1 channel separation

- ∆ f = 1 channel separation

- ∆ f = 1/2 channel separation

AM :nominalfrequency

SSB :nominal frequency-1kHz (LSB)/+1kHz (USB)

Switch on condition ton t2t 1 and,

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

offtt3

ms

+ ∆ f = 1 channel separation

+ ∆ f = 1/2 channel separation

- ∆ f = 1/2 channel separation

- ∆ f = 1 channel separation

AM :nominalfrequency

SSB :nominal frequency-1kHz (LSB)/+1kHz (USB)

offtt 3Switch off condition ,

NOTE: The figures shown here are only examples of oscilloscope displays. Refer to clause 5.2.5 for the actualvalues of t1, t2 and t3.

Figure 2: Example storage oscilloscope view t1, t2 and t3

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9 Methods of measurement for receiver parametersIf the unit to be tested is designed to operate in both the USB and LSB, each sideband has to be measured separately forall the specified tests.

In the case of a hand portable station if requested by the manufacturer, the testing laboratory shall perform all receivermeasurements with (Signal + Noise + Distortion)/(Noise) (SND/N) ratio instead of (Signal + Noise + Distortion)/(Noise+ Distortion) (SND/ND) ratio.

9.1 Maximum usable sensitivityThis measurement applies only to equipment with an external antenna connector.

9.1.1 Definition

The maximum usable sensitivity of the receiver is the minimum level of signal (emf) at the receiver input, at thenominal frequency of the receiver and with normal test modulation, (see clause 7.5), which will produce:

- an audio frequency output power of at least 25 % of the rated power output, (see clause 7.3); and

- a SND/ND ratio of 20 dB, measured at the receiver output through a telephone psophometric weighting networkas described in CCITT Recommendation O.41 [3].


The test signal, at the nominal frequency of the receiver, with normal test modulation (DSB see clause 7.5.1 b), SSB seeclause 7.5.2 c)) at an emf of 12 dBµV (DSB) or 6 dBµV (SSB), i.e. the value of the limit for the maximum usablesensitivity, shall be applied to the receiver input connector.

An audio frequency load-resistor, a SND/ND meter and a psophometric telephone weighting network (see clause 9.1.1),shall be connected to the receiver output terminals. Where possible, the receiver volume control shall be adjusted togive at least 25 % of the rated audio frequency output power, or, in the case of stepped volume controls, to the first stepthat provides an output power of at least 25 % of the rated audio frequency output power.

The test signal input level shall be reduced until a SND/ND ratio of 20 dB is obtained. The test signal input level underthese conditions is the value of the maximum usable sensitivity.

9.2 Adjacent channel selectivityThis measurement applies only to equipment with an external antenna connector.

9.2.1 Definition

The adjacent channel selectivity is the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted modulated signal at the nominalfrequency without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of an unwanted modulated signal in the adjacentchannel.


The two input signals shall be connected to the receiver via a combining network, clause 7.1.

The wanted test signal, at the nominal frequency of the receiver, with normal test modulation (DSB see clause 7.5.1 b),SSB see clause 7.5.2 c)) at an emf of 12 dBµV (DSB) or 6 dBµV (SSB), i.e. the value of the limit for the maximumusable sensitivity, shall be applied to the receiver input connector via one input of the combining network.

The unwanted test signal, at a frequency of 10 kHz above the nominal frequency of the receiver, frequency modulatedwith 400 Hz with a deviation of ±1,2 kHz shall be applied to the receiver input connector via the second input of thecombining network.

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The amplitude of the unwanted test signal shall be adjusted until the SND/ND ratio, psophometrically weighted, at theoutput of the receiver is reduced to 14 dB.

The measure of the adjacent channel selectivity is the ratio in dB of the level of the unwanted test signal to the level ofthe wanted test signal at the receiver input for which the specified reduction in SND/ND ratio occurs. This ratio shall benoted.

The measurement shall be repeated with an unwanted signal at the frequency of the channel below that of the wantedsignal.

The two noted ratios shall be recorded as the upper and lower adjacent channel selectivity.

9.3 Inter-modulation response rejectionThis measurement only applies to equipment with an external antenna connector.

9.3.1 Definition

The inter-modulation response rejection is the capability of a receiver to receive a wanted modulated signal at thenominal frequency without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of two or more unwanted signals with aspecific frequency relationship to the wanted signal frequency.


Three input signals shall be connected to the receiver via a combining network, clause 7.1.

The wanted test signal (A), at the nominal frequency of the receiver, with normal test modulation (DSB see clause 7.5.1b), SSB see clause 7.5.2 c)) at an emf of 12 dBµV (DSB) or 6 dBµV (SSB), i.e. the value of the limit for the maximumuseable sensitivity, shall be applied to the receiver input connector via input of the combining network.

The unwanted test signal (B), at the frequency 20 kHz above the nominal frequency of the receiver, without modulation,shall be applied to the receiver input connector via the second input of the combining network.

The unwanted test signal (C), at a frequency of 40 kHz above the nominal frequency of the receiver, DSB amplitudemodulated by 400 Hz to a modulation depth of 60 % shall be applied to the receiver input connector via the third inputof the combining network.

The frequency of the unwanted test signals (B) and (C) may be slightly adjusted to search for maximumintermodulation.

The amplitude of the unwanted test signals (B) and (C) shall be maintained equal and adjusted until the SND/ND ratio,psophometrically weighted, at the output of the receiver is reduced to 14 dB.

The measure of the inter-modulation response rejection is the ratio in dB of the level of the unwanted test signals to thelevel of the wanted test signal at the receiver input for which the specified reduction in SND/ND ratio occurs. This ratioshall be recorded.

The two sets of measurements described above shall be repeated with the unwanted signals below the nominalfrequency of the receiver by the specified amounts.

9.4 Spurious radiation

9.4.1 Definition

Spurious radiation from the receiver are components at any frequency, radiated by the equipment and antenna.

The level of spurious radiation shall be measured by:

a) their power level in a specified load (conducted spurious emission), and

b) their effective radiated power when radiated by the cabinet and structure of the equipment (cabinet radiation), or

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c) their effective radiated power when radiated by the cabinet and the integral antenna, in the case of hand-portableequipment fitted with such an antenna and no external RF connector.

9.4.2 Method of measuring the power level in a specifiedload,((clause 9.4.1 a))

The receiver shall be connected to a 50 Ω attenuator. The output of the attenuator shall be connected to a measuringreceiver.

The measuring receiver shall be according to CISPR Publication No 16-1 [2], with a peak detector, and shall be tunedover the frequency range from 9 kHz to 2 GHz (or 4 GHz, see last paragraph in this clause). The measurementbandwidth below 1 GHz shall be in accordance with CISPR Publication No 16-1 [2] and above 1 GHz, it shall be1 MHz.

At each frequency at which a spurious component is detected, the power level shall be recorded as the conductedspurious emission level delivered into the specified load.

If spurious radiation is detected in the frequency range 1,5 GHz to 2 GHz with a level exceeding 1 nW, themeasurement of spurious emissions shall be extended to the frequency range 2 GHz to 4 GHz.

9.4.3 Method of measuring the effective radiated power,((clause 9.4.1 b))

On a test site, selected from annex A, the equipment shall be placed at the specified height on the appropriate supportand in the position closest to normal use as declared by the manufacturer.

The receiver antenna connector shall be connected to an artificial antenna, (see clause 7.6).

The test antenna shall be oriented for vertical polarization and the length of the test antenna shall be chosen tocorrespond to the instant frequency of the measuring receiver or the spectrum analyser, which shall be according toCISPR Publication No 16-1 [2].

The output of the test antenna shall be connected to a measuring receiver. The receiver shall be switched on and themeasuring receiver with a peak detector shall be tuned over the frequency range from 25 MHz to 2 GHz (or 4 GHz, seelast paragraph in this clause). The measurement bandwidth below 1 GHz shall be in accordance with CISPR PublicationNo. 16-1 [2], and above 1 GHz the measuring bandwidth shall be 1 MHz.

At each frequency at which a spurious component is detected, the test antenna shall be raised and lowered through thespecified height range until a maximum signal level is detected by the measuring receiver. The receiver shall then berotated through 360° in the horizontal plane until the maximum signal level is detected by the measuring receiver. Themaximum signal level detected by the measuring receiver shall be noted.

The receiver shall be replaced by a substitution antenna as defined in annex A, clause A.2.3. The substitution antennashall be oriented for vertical polarization and the length of the substitution antenna shall be adjusted to correspond to thefrequency of the spurious component detected. The substitution antenna shall be connected to a calibrated signalgenerator. The frequency of the calibrated signal generator shall be set to the frequency of the spurious componentdetected.

The input attenuator setting of the measuring receiver shall be adjusted in order to increase the sensitivity of themeasuring receiver, if necessary.

The test antenna shall be raised and lowered through the specified height range to ensure that the maximum signal isreceived.

The input signal to the substitution antenna shall be adjusted to the level that produces a level noted when the spuriouscomponent was measured, corrected for the change of input attenuator setting of the measuring receiver. The input levelto the substitution antenna shall be recorded as power level, corrected for the change of input attenuator setting of themeasuring receiver.

The measurement shall be repeated with the test antenna and the substitution antenna realigned for horizontalpolarization.

The value of effective radiated power of the spurious components is the larger of the two power levels recorded for eachspurious component at the input to the substitution antenna, corrected for the gain of the antenna if necessary.

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If spurious radiation is detected in the frequency range 1,5 GHz to 2 GHz with a level exceeding 1 nW, themeasurement of spurious emissions shall be extended to the frequency range 2 GHz to 4 GHz.

9.4.4 Method of measuring the effective radiated power,((clause 9.4.1 c))

The measurement shall be performed according to clause 9.4.3, except that the receiver input shall be connected to theintegral antenna and not to an artificial antenna.

9.5 Spurious response rejectionThis measurement applies only to equipment with an external antenna connector.

9.5.1 Definition

The spurious response rejection is the capability of the receiver to discriminate between the wanted modulated signal atthe nominal frequency and an unwanted signal at any other frequency at which a response is obtained.


The two input signals shall be connected to the receiver via a combining network, see clause 7.1.

The wanted test signal, at the nominal frequency of the receiver, with normal test modulation (DSB see clause 7.5.1 b),SSB see clause 7.5.2 c)) at an emf of 12 dBµV (DSB) or 6 dBµV (SSB), i.e. the value of the limit for the maximumuseable sensitivity, shall be applied to the receiver input connector via one input of the combining network.

The unwanted test signal, DSB amplitude modulated by 400 Hz to a modulation depth of 60 % and at an emf of92 dBµV, shall be applied to the receiver input connector via the second input of the combining network. The unwantedtest signal shall be tuned over the frequency range from 100 kHz to 1 GHz.

At each frequency at which a spurious response occurs, the input level shall be adjusted until the SND/ND ratio,psophometrically weighted, is reduced to 14 dB.

The value of spurious response rejection is the ratio in dB of the level of the unwanted test signal to the level of thewanted test signal at the receiver input for which the specified reduction in SND/ND ratio occurs.

The ratio shall be recorded as the spurious response rejection for each spurious response obtained.

10 Measurement uncertaintyTable 7: Absolute measurement uncertainties

Absolute measurement uncertainties: Maximum valuesRF frequency < ±1 x 10-7

Audio frequency < ±0,1 HzRF power < ±0,75 dBDeviation limitation < ±5 %Adjacent channel power < ±5 dBConducted emission of transmitter < ±4 dBAudio output power < ±0,5 dBSensitivity at 20 dB SND/ND (SINAD) or SND/N < ±3 dBConducted emission of receiver < ±3 dBTwo-signal measurement, valid to 4 GHz < ±4 dBThree-signal measurement < ±3 dBRadiated emission of transmitter < ±6 dBRadiated emission of receiver < ±6 dBTransmitter transient time < ±20 %Transmitter transient frequency < ±250 Hz

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ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)30

For the test methods laid down in the present document, these uncertainty figures are valid to a confidence level of 95% calculated according to the methods described in ETR 028 [4].

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ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)31

Annex A (normative):Radiated measurement

A.1 Test sites and general arrangements formeasurements involving the use of radiated fields

A.1.1 Outdoor test siteThe outdoor test site shall be on a reasonably level surface or ground. At one point on the site, a ground plane of at least5 m diameter shall be provided. In the middle of this ground plane, a non-conducting support, capable of rotationthrough 360° in the horizontal plane, shall be used to support the test sample at 1,5 m above the ground plane. The testsite shall be large enough to allow the erection of a measuring or transmitting antenna at a distance of λ/2 or 3 mwhichever is the greater. The distance actually used shall be recorded with the results of the tests carried out on the site.

Sufficient precautions shall be taken to ensure that reflections from extraneous objects adjacent to the site and groundreflections do not degrade the measurement result.

A.1.1.1 Test site for hand-portable stations

The test site shall be on a reasonably level surface or ground. The test site shall be large enough to allow the erection ofa measuring or transmitting antenna at a distance of at least 6 m. The distance actually used shall be recorded with theresults of the test carried out on the site.

At one point on the site, a ground plane of at least 5 m diameter shall be provided. In the middle of this ground plane, asupport, capable of rotation through 360° in the horizontal plane, shall be used to support the test sample at 1,5 m abovethe ground plane. This support consists of a plastic tube, which is filled with salt water (9 g NaCl per litre). The tubeshall have a length of 1,5 m and an internal diameter of 10 ±0,5 cm. The upper end of the tube is closed by a metal platewith a diameter of 15 cm, which is in contact with the water.

The sample shall be placed with its side of largest area on the metal plate. To meet the requirement that the antenna isvertical while maintaining contact with the metal plate, it may be necessary to use a second metal plate, attached to thefirst. This metal plate shall be 10 cm x 15 cm in size and shall be hinged to the first plate by its 10 cm edge in such away that the angle between the plates can be adjusted between 0° and 90°. The hinge point shall be adjustable so thatthe centre of the sample can be placed above the centre of the circular plate. In the cast of samples whose length alongthe antenna axis is less than 15 cm, the sample shall be arranged so that the base of the antennas is at the edge of thehinged plate.

Sufficient precautions shall be taken to ensure that reflections from extraneous objects adjacent to the site and groundreflections do not degrade the measurement results.

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ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)32

1) Equipment under test;2) Test antenna;3) High pass filter (necessary for strong fundamental transmitter radiation);4) Spectrum analyser or measuring receiver.

Figure A.1: Outdoor test site

A.1.2 Test antennaThe test antenna is used to detect the radiation from both the test sample and the substitution antenna, when the site isused for radiation measurements; where necessary, it is used as a transmitting antenna, when the site is used for themeasurement of receiver characteristics.

This antenna is mounted on a support such as to allow the antenna to be used in either horizontal or vertical polarizationand for the height of its centre above ground to be varied over the range 1 to 4 m. Preferably a test antenna withpronounced directivity should be used. The size of the test antenna along the measurement axis shall not exceed 20 % ofthe measuring distance.

For receiver and transmitter radiation measurements, the test antenna is connected to a measuring receiver, capable ofbeing tuned to any frequency under investigation and of measuring accurately the relative levels of signals at its input.For receiver radiated sensitivity measurements the test antenna is connected to a signal generator.

A.1.3 Substitution antennaWhen measuring in the frequency range up to 1 GHz the substitution antenna shall be a λ/2 dipole, resonant at thefrequency under consideration, or a shortened dipole, calibrated to the λ/2 dipole. For measurements between 1 GHzand 4 GHz, either a λ/2 dipole or a horn radiator may be used. The centre of this antenna shall coincide with thereference point of the test sample it has replaced. This reference point shall be the volume centre of the sample when itsantenna is mounted inside the cabinet, or the point where an external antenna is connected to the cabinet.

The distance between the lower extremity of the dipole and the ground shall be at least 30 cm.

The substitution antenna shall be connected to a calibrated signal generator when the site is used for spurious radiationmeasurements and transmitter effective radiated power measurements. The substitution antenna shall be connected to acalibrated measuring receiver when the site is used for the measurement of receiver sensitivity.

The signal generator and the receiver shall be operating at the frequencies under investigation and shall be connected tothe antenna through suitable matching and balancing networks.

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ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)33

A.1.4 Optional additional indoor siteWhen the frequency of the signals being measured is greater than 80 MHz, use may be made of an indoor site. If thisalternative site is used, this shall be recorded in the test report.

The measurement site may be a laboratory room with a minimum area of 6m by 7m and at least 2,7 m in height.

Apart from the measuring apparatus and the operator, the room shall be as free as possible from reflecting objects otherthan the walls, floor and ceiling.

The potential reflections from the wall behind the equipment under test are reduced by placing a barrier of absorbentmaterial in front of it. The corner reflector around the test antenna is used to reduce the effect of reflections from theopposite wall and from the floor and ceiling in the case of horizontally polarized measurements. Similarly, the cornerreflector reduces the effects of reflections from the side walls for vertically polarized measurements. For the lower partof the frequency range (below approximately 175 MHz) no corner reflector or absorbent barrier is needed. For practicalreasons, the λ/2 antenna in figure A.2 may be replaced by an antenna of constant length, provided that this length isbetween λ/4 and λ at the frequency of measurement and the sensitivity of the measuring system is sufficient. In thesame way the distance of λ/2 to the apex may be varied.

The test antenna, measuring receiver, substitution antenna and calibrated signal generator are used in a way similar tothat of the general method. To ensure that errors are not caused by the propagation path approaching the point at whichphase cancellation between direct and the remaining reflected signals occurs, the substitution antenna shall be movedthrough a distance of ±10 cm in the direction of the test antenna as well as in the two directions perpendicular to thisfirst direction. If these changes of distance cause a signal change of greater than 2 dB, the test sample should be re-siteduntil a change of less than 2 dB is obtained.

Figure A.2: Indoor site arrangement (shown in horizontal polarization)

A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sitesFor measurements involving the use of radiated fields, use may be made of a test site in conformity with therequirements of Clause A.1 of this annex. When using such a test site, the conditions in the following clauses should beobserved to ensure consistency of measuring results.

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ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)34

A.2.1 Measuring distanceEvidence indicates that the measuring distance is not critical and does not significantly affect the measuring results,provided that the distance is not less than λ/2 at the frequency of measurement, and the precautions described in thisannex are observed. Measuring distances of 3 m, 5 m, 10 m and 30 m are in common use in European test laboratories.

A.2.2 Test antennaDifferent types of test antenna may be used, since performing substitution measurements reduces the effect of the errorson the measuring results.

Height variation of the test antenna over a range of 1 m to 4 m is essential in order to find the point at which theradiation is a maximum.

Height variation of the test antenna may not be necessary at the lower frequencies below about 100 MHz.

A.2.3 Substitution antennaVariations in the measuring results may occur with the use of different types of substitution antenna at the lowerfrequencies below about 80 MHz. Where a shortened dipole antenna is used at these frequencies, details of the type ofantenna used should be included with the results of the tests carried out on the site. Correction factors shall be taken intoaccount when shortened dipole antennas are used.

A.2.4 Artificial antennaThe dimensions of the artificial antenna used during radiated measurements should be small in relation to the sampleunder test.

Where possible, a direct connection should be used between the artificial antenna and the test sample.

In cases where it is necessary to use a connecting cable, precautions should be taken to reduce the radiation from thiscable by, for example, the use of ferrite cores or double screened cables.

A.2.5 Auxiliary cablesThe position of auxiliary cables (power supply and microphone cables, etc.) which are not adequately de-coupled maycause variations in the measuring results. In order to get reproducible results, cables and wires of auxiliaries should bearranged vertically downwards (through a hole in the non conducting support).

A.3 Further optional alternative indoor test site using ananechoic chamber

For radiation measurements when the frequency of the signals being measured is greater than 25 MHz, use may bemade of an indoor site being a well-shielded anechoic chamber simulating free space environment. If such a chamber isused, this shall be recorded in the test report.

The test antenna, measuring receiver, substitution antenna and calibrated signal generator are used in a way similar tothat of the general method, Clause A.1. In the range between 25 MHz and 100 MHz some additional calibration may benecessary.

An example of a typical measurement site may be an electrically shielded anechoic chamber being 10 m long, 5 mbroad and 5 m high. Walls and ceiling should be coated with RF absorbers of 1 m height. The base should be coveredwith absorbing material 1 m thick, and a wooden floor, able to carry test equipment and operators. A measuringdistance of 3 m to 5 m in the long middle axis of the chamber can be used for measurements up to 12,75 GHz. Theconstruction of the anechoic chamber is described in the following clauses.

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ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)35

A.3.1 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoicchamber

Free-field measurements can be simulated in a shielded measuring chamber where the walls are coated with RFabsorbers. Figure A.3 shows the requirements for shielding loss and wall return loss of such a room. As dimensions andcharacteristics of usual absorber materials are critical below 100 MHz (height of absorbers < 1 m, reflection attenuation< 20 dB) such a room is preferably suitable for measurements above 100 MHz. Figure A.4 shows the construction of ashielded measuring chamber having a base area of 5 m by 10 m and a height of 5 m. Ceilings and walls are coated withpyramidal formed absorbers approximately 1 m high. The base is covered with absorbers that are able to support a formof floor. The available internal dimensions of the room are 3 m × 8 m × 3 m, so that a measuring distance of maximum5 m length in the middle axis of this room is available.

At 100 MHz the measuring distance can be extended up to a maximum of 2 λ. The floor absorbers reject floorreflections so that the antenna height need not be changed and floor reflection influences need not be considered. Allmeasuring results can therefore be checked with simple calculations and the measuring tolerances have the smallestpossible values due to the simple measuring configuration.

For special measurements it can be necessary to re-introduce floor reflections. Taking away the floor absorbers wouldmean a removal of approximately 24 m3 absorber material. Therefore the floor absorbers are covered with metal platesor metallic nets instead.

A.3.2 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambersFor free-space propagation in the far field condition the correlation E = Eo(Ro/R) is valid for the dependence of the fieldstrength E on the distance R, whereby Eo is the reference field strength in the reference distance Ro. It is useful to usejust this correlation for comparison measurements, as all constants are eliminated with the ratio and neither cableattenuation nor antenna mismatch or antenna dimensions are of importance. Deviations from the ideal curve can be seeneasily if the logarithm of the above equation is used, because the ideal correlation of field strength and distance can thenbe shown as a straight line and the deviations occurring in practice are clearly visible. This indirect method shows thedisturbances due to reflections more readily and is far less problematical than the direct measurement of reflectionattenuation.

With an anechoic chamber of the dimensions suggested in Clause A.3 at low frequencies up to 100 MHz there are nofar field conditions, and therefore reflections are stronger so that careful calibration is necessary. In the mediumfrequency range from 100 MHz to 1 GHz the dependence of the field strength on the distance meets the expectationsvery well. In the frequency range of 1 to 12,75 GHz, because more reflections will occur, the dependence of the fieldstrength on the distance will not correlate so closely.

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ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)36

A.3.3 Calibration of the shielded anechoic chamberCareful calibration of the chamber shall be performed over the range 25 MHz to 12,75 GHz.

Figure A.3: Specifications for shielding and reflections

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Figure A.4: Example of construction of an anechoic shielded chamber

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ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)38

Annex B (normative):Specification for adjacent channel power measurementarrangements

B.1 Power measuring receiver specificationThe power measuring receiver consists of a mixer, an Intermediate Frequency (IF) filter, an oscillator, an amplifier, avariable attenuator and an rms value indicator. Instead of the variable attenuator with the rms value indicator it is alsopossible to use an rms voltmeter calibrated in dB as the rms value indicator. The technical characteristics of the powermeasuring receiver are given in clauses B.1.1 to B.1.4.

B.1.1 IF filterThe IF filter shall be within the limits of the following selectivity characteristic.

Figure B.1: IF filter characteristic

The selectivity characteristic shall keep the frequency separations from the nominal centre frequency of the adjacentchannel as given in column 2 of table B.1.

The attenuation points on the slope towards the carrier shall not exceed the tolerances, as given in column 3 of tableB.1.

The attenuation points on the slope, distant from the carrier, shall not exceed the tolerances, as given in column 4 oftable B.1.

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ETSI EN 300 433-1 V1.1.3 (2000-12)39

Table B.1: Selectivity characteristics of the "receiver"

Attenuation points Frequency separation Tolerance towards C Tolerance distant from CD1 (2 dB) 3,00 kHz + 1,35 kHz ±2,00 kHzD2 (6 dB) 4,25 kHz ±0,10 kHz ±2,00 kHzD3 (26 dB) 5,50 kHz -1,35 kHz ±2,00 kHzD4 (90 dB) 9,50 kHz -5,35 kHz +2 kHz and -6 kHz

The minimum attenuation of the filter outside the 90 dB attenuation points shall be equal to or greater than 90 dB.

B.1.2 Variable attenuatorThe attenuation indicator shall have a minimum range of 80 dB and a reading accuracy of 1 dB.

B.1.3 Rms value indicatorThe instrument shall accurately indicate non-sinusoidal signals in a ratio of up to 10:1 between peak value and rmsvalue.

B.1.4 Oscillator and amplifierThe oscillator and the amplifier shall be designed in such a way that the measurement of the adjacent channel power ofa low noise unmodulated transmitter, whose self-noise has a negligible influence on the measurement result, yields ameasured value of ≤ -80 dB referred to the carrier of the oscillator.

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History

Document history

Edition 1 November 1995 Publication as ETS 300 433

V1.1.2 August 2000 Publication

V1.1.3 December 2000 Publication

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