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SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management
ALTERNATIVE USE OF WATER
Bertrand GARNIER Technical & New Offers Director
Degrémont Industry
2 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management
OIL & GAS INDUSTRY
UPSTREAM DOWNSTREAM
REFINERY PETROCHEMICAL EXPLORATION
• Processing of crude oil
• Refining
• Fabrication of organic and plastics
• Process water for production / fracking • Treatment of Produced Water (oil separation,
reinjection) • Water reuse or discharge
PRODUCTION
• Process Water • Cooling water • Wastewater • Water reuse or discharge
• Operating the production wells
• Oil & Gas processing
EOR OPTIMISATION - PRODUCTION CONTINUITY – ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT
• Drilling of exploration wells
3 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management
WATER FOR UPSTREAM OIL & GAS INDUSTRY
Injection water for
steam generation
Injection water for
EOR
Injection water for
stimulation
Flowback / Produced
water / Wastewater
Produced water for EOR
Produced water for chemical EOR
Produced water for steam generator/boiler/ stimulation
4 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management
WATER IS SCARCE…
Source : U.S. Geological Survey
… And unevenly distributed
5 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management
OPTIONS
Oil industry as a water user :
Alternative water sources for stimulation can be
used
Oil industry as a water producer: Produced water can have value
6 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management
OPTIONS
Oil industry as a water user :
Alternative water sources for stimulation can be
used
Oil industry as a water producer Produced water can have value
7 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management
ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCES
Mine influenced waters Municipal effluents
Rising interest in the U.S. Subject to - Location… - AMD water content:
(SO4, metals…) - Legal framework Shell Dawson creek – PPP
Source Shell Chile copper mine – Source Degrémont
Source PADEP
8 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management
MUNICIPAL EFFLUENTS USAGES FOR DOWNSTREAM
Tertiary Water - Title 22 water Cap. 110,000 m3/day
Nitrified Water – Cooling Tower Cap. 41,000 m3/day
Reverse Osmosis - Barrier Water Cap. 30,000 m3/day
Reverse Osmosis - Single Pass Cap. 31,000 m3/day
Reverse Osmosis: Double Pass Cap. 10,000 m3/day
Five “designer” waters
Los Angeles effluent treatment plant “Hyperion” Amongst the world’s
largest (1.3 Mm3/day) 10% of the treated
effluents are recycled for industrial purposes on dedicated treatment plants (West Basin public agency)
Source : Suez Environnement
9 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management
OPTIONS
Oil industry as a water user :
Alternative water sources for stimulation can be
used
Oil industry as a water producer: Produced water can have value
10 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management
PRODUCED WATER CONTENT
Suspended solids Oil & Grease Dissolved solids. TDS ranging from 1,000 mg/l to 400,000 mg/l … Dissolved and volatile organic compounds : BTEX, phenols, … Metals, metalloids : As, Hg, Se, … Injected chemical additives Radionucleides – sometimes. U, Ra… There are easy cases (some) and more difficult cases (many!)
Investment in analytical campaigns over significant periods is key
11 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management
REUSE OF PW FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Mount Poso biomass cogen. plant, CA. Treated produced water feeds the cogen. Plant Cooling towers make up, demin. water for steam
generation
Source McPherson Energy Corporation
Source McPherson Energy Corporation
Produced water treatment Source Degrémont
12 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management
REUSE FOR AGRICULTURE USAGES
There are cases in California running for decades (low salt produced water).
Sources Southwest Hydrology – Nov/Dec. 2005 Chevron
Currently, Pacific Rubiales, in Colombia is seeking to reuse P.W. to grow biomass for biofuel production. W/O ratio of 8.6 Increasing production
Membrane treatment requires specific upstream systems to prevent fouling / membrane destruction. 500,000 bbl/d of p.w to be reused for biofuel production
Extensive knowledge of P.W. components is essential
Source Degrémont
13 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management
CONCLUSION - DISCUSSION
O&G companies are facing increased pressure from all stakeholders : authorities, NGO’s, markets. Water treatment suppliers have solutions. But they have cost. Knowledge of water bodies, produced water contents, is key for making the right decisions. Integrated schemes, giving value to P.W (power gen., culture of biomass to generate biofuels) can bring opportunities. Anticipation is a must. Legal / regulatory framework have to be handled properly.
THANK YOU !
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