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CEMENT STANDARDS ANDSPECIFICATIONS -
EN (Euronorms)
Mark Alexander
Visiting Professor, IITM
29 January 2014
(University of Cape Town)
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University of Cape Town
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Main international cement standards
ASTM C150 and ASTM C595
Old BS 12 (old Commonwealth countries)
EN 197
Other (Japan, India, China, Russia)
THIS LECTURE WILL DEAL WITH THE EN 197 CEMENTSPECIFICATIONS, WITH A SOUTH AFRICAN FLAVOUR
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SA adopted EN cement standards in 1996
SABS EN 197-1 covering Common Cements(SANS 50197)
SABS EN 413-1 covering Masonry Cements(SANS 50413)
SABS 1491 covers cement extenders usedseparately by the contractor (SANS 1491)
SUBSEQUENTLY: THE DESIGNATION FOR THE STANDARDFOR COMMON CEMENTS WAS CHANGED TO
SANS 50197
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Applications for different cement types
Common cements made to SANS 50197 aresuitable for most applicationse.g. buildings and general construction, civil engineering
construction
Masonry cements made to SANS 50413 are only
suitable for masonry applications, i.e. for brick laying
and plastering
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SANS 50197: Common Cements
Part 1: Composition, specifications and
conformity criteria for common cements
Part 2: Conformity evaluation
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Part 1: Composition, specifications and
conformity requirements Constituent materials
Composition
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The standard covers five broad types of cement in
terms of cement composi t ion:
CEM I Portland cements
CEM II Portland composite cements CEM III Blastfurnace cements
CEM IV Pozzolanic cements
CEM V Composite cement
CEM VI... to follow
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Compositional classes:
Type I:roughly equivalent (compositionally) to Ordinary PortlandCement (OPC) - may contain up to 5% of minor additionalconstituents.
Type II A:contains between 6 and 20% extender (except for silicafume - 10%)
Permissible extenders:o limestone (code L or "LL")
o slag (S)o siliceous fly ash (V)
o calcareous fly ash (W)
o silica fume (D)
o natural pozzolan (P)
o artificial pozzolan (Q)o burnt shale (T)
o blends of any two or more of the above (M).
Type II B:contains 21 - 35% extender
Type III A:contains 36 - 65% GGBS, normally ~ 50% slag.
Compositional ranges for types I, II and III shown below 10
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SABS EN 197: CEMENT TYPES COMPOSITION
TYPES I, II AND III
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
A BCEM I CEM II CEM III
EXTENDER
CLINKER
5
20
35
A B C65
80
9511
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SUMMARY
The Table that follows gives Common
cementsi.e. cements for concrete that
are based on Portland cement technology
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W
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Part 1: Composition, specifications and
conformity requirements Constituent materials
Composition
Mechanical properties
2 or 7day strengths
28 day strengths
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Strength classes:
Three strength classes - each class has differentrequirement for high early strength
32,5 N and 32,5 R 42,5 N and 42,5 R
52,5 N and 52,5 R
N normal strength
R high early strength
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Strength classes:
Numerals indicate the lowest strength in MPawhich cement must reach when tested inaccordance with test method EN 196.
Thus: each class of cement must passo a strength hurdle at either 2 days (or 7 days) AND
o through a strength window at 28 days
See diagram below
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Performance Classes
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
ISOC
ompressiveStrength(MPA)
7 Day Hurdle 2 Day Hurdle R = High early strength28 Day Window
32 5 N 32 5 R42 5 N 42 5 R
52 5 N 52 5 R
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Common cement - strength requirements
Early strengthStrengthClass 2d 7d
Standard 28dstrength
32,5N - 16,0 32,5 52,5
32,5R 10,0 - 32,5 52,5
42,5N 10,0 - 42,5 62,5
42,5R 20,0 - 42,5 62,5
52,5N 20,0 - 52,5 -
52,5R 30,0 - 52,5 -
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Combined composition and strength notation
It follows that cements are described as follows,
for example:
Type I cements CEM I 42,5 N, CEM I 42,5R
Type II cements CEM II A-L 32,5 N, CEM II
B-M (L-S) 42,5 N
Type III cements CEM III A-S 32,5 N
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CEM II = Portland (fly ash) cement
B = Contains 21 to 35% extender
V = Extender is siliceous fly ash
42,5N has 2-day-strength >10 MPa, and
42,5 MPa < 28-day-strength >62,5 MPaNormal strength development
Example CEM II B-V 42,5N:
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Note: one must distinguish between a
cement strength class, and a
concrete strength grade
For example, one can make a 50 MPa concrete froma 32,5 N cement, a 42,5 cement, or a 52,5 cement.
The amount of cement used will differ!
In other words different classes of cement havedifferent strength versus water/cement ratiorelationships
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Important to understand
that concrete can bemade to most strength
grades with most of the
common cements
irrespective of the
strengthen class of the
cement (within certain
limits)
The controlling factor will
be w/c ratio in the mixdesign
Strength class 52.5
Strength class 42.5
Strength class 32.5
Strength vs w/c for a range of
SA binder types
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Example of local strength performance in terms of
concrete compressive strength
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
10.90.80.70.60.50.4
Cha
racteristic28daycompressive
strength(MPa)
Water/cement ratio
32.5 N 42.5 N 52.5 N
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Part 1: Composition, specifications and
conformity requirements Constituent materials
Composition
Mechanical properties
2 or 7day strengths
28 day strengths
Physical and chemical properties
Initial set Soundness
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Part 1: Composition, specifications and
conformity requirements (cont)
Chemical properties LoI
Insoluble residue
SO
3 Chloride
Pozzolanicity
Conformity criteria Frequency
Limits
Procedure
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Part 2: Conformity evaluation
Factory production control
Certification body
Surveillance assessment
Audits Inspections
Sampling
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Performance issues with new cements:Example of comparison of OPI values for CEM I 52.5 N
and CEM I 42.5 N at different water/binder ratios
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65
OPI(logscale)
water/binder
CEM I
52.5N
CEM I42.5N
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Thank YouQuestions?
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Terminology
CEM I, II, III, IV and V
I - Portland cement
II - Portland . cement
III - Blastfurnace cement
IV - Pozzolanic cement
V - Composite cement
A, B or C indicates level of extender (e.g. in
CEM II A is 6-20% and B is 21-35%)
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Terminology (cont.)
Extender type
S - Blastfurnace slag
D - Silica fume
V or W - Fly ash
L - Limestone
M - Composite
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(a) Type of
Cement
(b) Clinker
content
category
(c) Proportion and type of
extender in cements
(d) 28-day strength
class
CEM
Denotes acommon
cement, i.e.
for concrete
I - > 95%
clinker
II - may contain
up to 35%
extender
(except CSF)
IIImay
contain > 35%
GGBS
In CEM II:
A6-20%extender
B21-35%
extender
In CEM III:A36-65%
extender
B66-80%
extender
C 81 95%
In CEM II:
2ndcapital letterindicates type
of extender:
DCSF
LLimestone
SGGBSV or W - FA
Number indicates 28
day strength class.Lower boundary of a
window for strength
32.5 32.5R
42.5 42.5R
52.5 52.5RR denotes high early
strength cement
Cement Notation
(a) CEM (b) I, II, III (c) A, B, C (d) 32.5 42.5 52.5 R
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