ENGLISH MODULE
UNIT 1
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Compiled by: Yulita Dwi Puspasari, S.Pd
YAYASAN WIDYA BHAKTI
SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS SANTA
ANGELA
TERAKREDITASI A
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http//: www.smasantaangela.sch.id, e-mail : [email protected]
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I. Kompetensi Inti
1. Menghayati dan mengamalkan ajaran agama yang
dianutnya dan Spiritualitas Santa Angela.
2. Menghayati dan mengamalkan perilaku jujur, disiplin,
tanggung jawab, peduli (gotong royong, kerjasama,
toleran, damai), santun, responsif dan pro-aktif dan
menunjukkan sikap sebagai bagian dari solusi atas
berbagai permasalahan dalam berinteraksi secara
efektif dengan lingkungan sosial dan alam serta dalam
menempatkan diri sebagai cerminan bangsa dalam
pergaulan dunia.
3. Memahami, menerapkan, menganalisis pengetahuan
faktual, konseptual, prosedural berdasarkan rasa ingin
tahunya tentang ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, seni,
budaya, dan humaniora dengan wawasan
kemanusiaan, kebangsaan, kenegaraan, dan
peradaban terkait penyebab fenomena dan kejadian,
serta menerapkan pengetahuan prosedural pada
bidang kajian yang spesifik sesuai dengan bakat dan
minatnya untuk memecahkan masalah.
4. Mengolah, menalar, dan menyaji dalam ranah konkret
dan ranah abstrak terkait dengan pengembangan dari
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yang dipelajarinya di sekolah secara mandiri, dan
mampu menggunakan metoda sesuai kaidah keilmuan
II. Kompetensi Dasar
1.1 Mensyukuri kesempatan dapat mempelajari bahasa
Inggris sebgai bahasa pengantar komunikasi
internasional yang diwujudkan dalam semangat
belajar.
2.2 Menunjukan perilaku jujur, disiplin, percaya diri, dan
bertanggung jawab dalam melaksanakan komunikasi
transaksional dengan guru dan teman.
4.1 Menangkap makna relative clauses lisan dan tulis.
4.2 Menyusun teks lisan dan tulis untuk menyatakan,
menanyakan, dan merespon relative clauses, dengan
memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur
kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks.
III. Tujuan Pembelajaran
Siswa diharapkan dapat:
1. Memahami penggunaan relative clauses dengan
cerdas.
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2. Memahami kegunaan masing-masing komponen
relative clauses dengan cerdas.
3. Menghasilkan kalimat dengan menggunakan relative
clauses dengan gigih.
Conceptual Map
Relative Clauses
(who, whom, that, which, whose)
Defining
Non-defining
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Materials
Clause A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a verb. Independent clause An independent clause is a complete sentence. It contains the main subject and verb of a sentence ( main clause). Dependent clause A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. It must be connected to an independent clause. Relative clause A relative clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It describes, identifies, or gives further information about a noun. (A relative clause is also called an adjective clause.) Relative pronouns Relative pronouns are used to link two sentences that have the same noun or pronoun in them. Relative pronouns form the beginning of a relative clause.
who (It is used to refer to people.) I saw the man who closed the door.
whom (It is possible instead of who when it is the object of the verb in the relative clause. It is normally used in formal style.) The man whom I saw was Mr. Smith.
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which (It is used to refer to things.) The book which is on the table is mine.
that (It is used to refer to people and things.) Where is the cheese that is in the fridge?
whose (It is used to show possession.) We saw some people whose car had broken down.
where (It is used to refer to places.) The hotel where we stayed wasn't very clean.
when (It is used to refer to a noun of time.) I'll never forget the day when I met you.
REVIEW ON RELATIVE PRONOUNS Exercise 1 Make one sentence from two. Use the appropriate relative pronoun. 1. A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in the
hospital. ___________________________________________
2. A man answered the phone. He told me you were away. ___________________________________________
3. A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient. ___________________________________________
4. I come from the country. Its history goes back thousands of years. ___________________________________________
5. The meeting was interesting. I went to it. _____________________________________________
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Exercise 2 Complete each sentence using who/whom/whose/where. 1. A pacifist is a person ____________ believes that all wars
are wrong. 2. An orphan is a child ____________ parents are dead. 3. The place _____________ we spent our holidays was
really beautiful. 4. This school is only for children _____________ first
language is not English. 5. I don't know the name of the woman to ______________
I spoke on the phone. There are two types of relative clauses:
1. Defining relative clauses 2. Non-defining relative clauses
Defining relative clauses These describe the preceding noun in such a way to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. These clauses give essential information and clear understanding about the noun.
Subject Object Possessive
For people who that
whom/who that
whose
For things which that
which that
whose Of which
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For people: a. Subject (who/that)
who is normally used: The girl who won the race is happy.
b. Object of a verb (who/whom/that) whom is considered very formal:
The man whom I saw told me to come back today.
c. Possessive (whose) whose is only the possible form:
I know the man whose bicycle was stolen. For things:
a. Subject (which/that) which is more formal:
The stairs which lead to the cellar are slippery.
b. Object of a verb (which/that) The car which/that I hired broke down.
c. Possessive I bought the house whose wall was blue.
REVIEW ON DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Exercise Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with who, whom, which or whose. 1. Harry is the boy _________ broke the window. 2. I liked the woman ________I met at the party last night. 3. I met the woman _________ husband is the president of
the corporation.
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4. My father often talks about the things ________ he did when he was a boy.
5. The girl _________ was top of our class is very pretty. 6. I showed my father the watch _________ I won as a prize. 7. The story ______ we liked the best was the one about the
lion and the rabbit. 8. Many of us _______ have studied English are embarrassed
to speak it. 9. I live in dormitory _________ residents come from many
countries. 10. After the party I put the gifts _______ I received into my
cupboard.
Non-defining relative clauses These clauses are not define the noun. They give extra information about it. They are not necessary for the comprehension of the whole sentence. This is why they are written between commas. In this sentences, we cannot use that and we cannot omit the relative pronouns.
Subject Object Possessive
For people Who Whom who
Whose
For things which which whose of which
For people:
a. Subject (who) No other pronoun is possible.
My neighbor, who is very kind, always helps me to do the homework.
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b. Object (whom/who) The pronoun cannot be omitted. Whom is the correct form, though who is sometimes used in conversation.
Santi, whom everyone suspected, turned out to be innocent.
c. Possessive (whose) Dylan and Aaron, who did not come to class
yesterday, explained their absence to the teacher.
For things: a. Subject (which)
that is not used here: Taksaka Pagi train, which is usually very
punctual, was late today. b. Object (which)
that is not used here and the which can never be omitted.
She gave me this jacket, which she had knitted herself.
c. Possessive (whose) His house, whose window are all broken,
was a depressing sight.
REVIEW ON NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Exercise Add commas to these sentences, marking the non-defining relative clauses. 1. Ayu Utami whose books are famous lives in Jakarta. 2. The wet season which usually begins in November brings
heavy rain.
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3. This bag which I found on the bus contains over 100,000 rupiah.
4. Susanti who works for Garuda is an air hostess. 5. Our house which over 100 years old is made of brick. 6. Our neighbor who has always been very kind to us died
last night. 7. I saw Mr. Dito whom I met in 2009 at the party on
saturday. Exercise 1 Rewrite the sentences below using relative clauses. 1. The man poured a glass of water on his face. His beard
caught on fire when he lit a cigarette. ____________________________________________
2. The dogcatcher caught the dog. It bit my neighbor's daughter.
_______________________________________________ 3. The man gave me a good advice. I spoke to him on the way
home. _____________________________________________ 4. I have really missed my hometown. I lived a cheerful
childhood there. ____________________________________________ 5. The young women are all from Japan. We met them at the
theater last night. _____________________________________________
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Exercise 2 Underline the adjective clause in each of the following sentences. Circle the word it modifies.
1. Mike, whose ancestors came from Ireland, marched in the St. Patrick's Day parade.
2. The woman who lives next door is a registered nurse. 3. Virginia, is a place that I'd like to visit. 4. Math, which is Dave's favorite subject, has always been
easy for him. 5. There is the house that I'd like to buy. 6. Larry's letter, which he mailed Tuesday, reached me on
Thursday. 7. Summer, which is my favorite season, will be here in
another week. 8. Phil is reading The Call of the Wild, which is Jack London's
most famous book. 9. We live just twenty miles from O'Hare Airport, which is the
world's busiest airport. 10. Newton is the town where Barbara was born.
Exercise 3
Make one sentence using relative pronouns. Decide if the information is necessary or not, defining or non-defining relative clauses? 1. There’s a woman living next door. She is a doctor.
_______________________________________________ 2. I’ve got a brother called Jim. He lives in London. He’s a
fireman. ________________________________________________
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3. There was a strike at the car factory. It lasted ten days. It is now over. _______________________________________________
4. I was looking for a book this morning. I’ve found it now. _______________________________________________ 5. London was once the largest city in the world. The
population is now falling. __________________________
Exercise 4 Combine the following sentences by changing the second
sentence to a relative clause. 1. I found the money. The money belonged to Jack.
_____________________________________________
2. She has a good memory. Her memory always serves her
well.
____________________________________________
3. This is the woman. I told you about the woman.
______________________________________________
4. I have a document. The document proves my innocence. _______________________________________________
5. They want to visit the country. Marsha comes from the country. ___________________________________________
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Glossary
Clause (n) Group of words that contains a subject and a verb.
Define (v) Say or explain what the meaning of a word or phrase is.
References
Azar, B.S. 1989. Understanding and using English Grammar. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Puchta, et al. 2013. English in mind. 4th ed. Cambridge: University press. http://www.grammarbank.com/ Retrieved on: 7 August, 2015
