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A. 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. a

B. 1. Carbon dioxide plays a role in determining the temperature of the Earth

(because it acts somewhat like the glass in a greenhouse in that it readily allow

incoming visible light from the Sun.)

2. Fossil fuels are the fuels which are formed from the decayed remains of

prehistoric animals or plants, and the author defines them as oil, coal, and

natural gas.

3. Carbon dioxide released from fossil fuel burning into the atmosphere causes

the atmosphere retain more heat because of the greenhouse effect.

Passage 13

A. 1. a) psycholinguists

b) behaviorists

2 . A 3. B

B . l . 2.

5 . 6.

9 . 10.

4. B

3.

7.

5. c

4 .

8.

Passage 14

A. 1. a 2 . c 3. a 4. d 5 . c

6 . a 7 . a 8. b 9 . b 10. a

11. d 12. c 13. a 14. d 15. c

B. 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T

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6. T 7. T 8. T 9. F 10. F

Passage

2. c 3.B 4.A 5.AA . l . B

B 1. capabilities

2 . Authenticity

3 . uniqueness

4 . interdependence.

wholeness.

C . Looking at the text, paragraph 2

D. Open answers

1. b

7. d

2. b

8. b

Passage 16

3 . c 4. b 5 . d 6 . c

9 . b 10. c

Pre-reading

1.

2 .

3.

4.

5 .

Passage 17

polar explorer and flier

director of the main Geophysical Observatory in Leningrad

the University if Miami

Naval Research Reviews

to 1 5

1. a 2. c 3. a 4. c 5. c 6. a

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7 . c 8. b

Passage 18

1. c 2. D D 4. B 5 . B

6 . F 7. F 8 . T 9. F F

Passage 19

A. l.C 2. A 3. A 4 . A 5 . B

B. 1. they understood its importance and they were intimately connected to the

2 earths natural process.

2. we hardly feel connected to nature.

3. they do not recognize the importance of other species.

interdependent.

5. food

6. we realize our connection to nature

1. b

2. d

Pre-reading

1.

2 .

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6. c

Passage 20

2 . b 3 . c 4 . b 5. d

8 . b 9 . b 10. c

Passage 21

In 1583

Formulated the legal basis in the doctrine of mare

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1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

3 . A conference on the Law of the Sea

4. 22

The doctrine of mare (free use of the ocean)

Uncertainties about the legal status of minerals deposits in the ocean and

national interest in these resources cause the doctrine of mare liberum to be

challenged.

The UN Conference on the Law of the Sea

The Exclusive Economic Zone

Increase of ocean areas under national jurisdictions

Passage 22

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

An experimental school is one where something new is being tried. A

demonstration school is a successful experimental school, that is, one where

the experiment has worked.

The italics indicate emphasis. Neil1 is anticipating a query about the

existence of a timetable.

It does not have one. The staff do not consider that teaching itself is very

significant.

Student motivation is of prime importance.

To waste and idle away the time.

It is a meeting of everyone at the school, staff and students, to discuss school

rules and day-to-day incidents. Each member has one vote.

They dislike them intensely.

Suggested answers:

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8 . The fact that they are motivated to sit them again.

9 . Fights involve physical aggression, quarrels are differences of opinion

involving verbal disagreements.

10. Oppressed, kept in a position of inferiority.

11. Children at Summerhill are approved of and are free to express themselves.

He supports his claim with the fact that there are rarely physical fights or

cases of homesickness, or children found crying. There are no cases of

truancy.

12. There is no discipline imposed by the staff. Attendance at lessons is

voluntary. The staff do not encourage the taking of public exams.

Passage 23

A. One is the mechanization of the logging industry, and the other is the worlds

hunger for forest products.

2. In Brazil.

Around 1900.

3. They support the abundance of plant and animal life.

It causes a worldwide temperature higher.

5. It is a place where trees cannot be cut.

6. They need land for growing food and trees for fuel.

B. 1. governments and individuals believe only the countries using up their forests

will be affected.

2. the mechanization of the logging industry

2. the worlds hunger for forest products

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3. tropical areas

4. tropical forests have to be preserved

5. the soil fertility and the abundance of plant and animal life

6. Three

7. they are still being destroyed

reforestation

9. forest reserves establishment

10. human poverty

1. B

6. F

1. b

1. A

6. T

A. 1. T

6. F

B. 1. I

452

2. c

7. F

Passage 24

3. D

8. T

2. a

Passage 25

3. d

2. c

7. T

Passage 26

3. D

8. T

2. F

7. F

Passage 27

3. T

8. T

2. 0 3. F

4. A

9. T

4. b

4. D

9. F

4. T

4. F

5. A

F

5. c

10. T

5. F

5 . 0

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Pre-reading

1.

2 .

3 .

4 .

Passage 28

Sensorimotor stage

Preoperational stage

Stage of concrete operations

Stage of formal operations

1.

2 .

3 .

4 .

5 .

No. Teaching and experience can speed up or siow down development, but the

basic order of development will not be changed.

During the sensorimoter stage, infants discover the relationships between

sensation and motor behaviour.

Egocentrism (a characteristic of the stage) means that a child of

four or five considers his or her own point of view to be the only one possible.

Between the ages 6-8, children learn that the quantity of something doesnt

change just because its shape does.

During the formal operations stage (1 l-older), children acquire a greater ability to

deal with abstraction, and acquire the capacity for adult thinking.

1. B 2. D

6. T 7. T

Passage 29

3. B

8. F

4. D 5 . c

9. F 10. T

Passage 30

1. d 2. c 3. a 4. c 5. b

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6. d 7. b 8. c 9. a 10. d

1 . 3

1 . 2 2 . 3 3. 4 4 . 1 5. 4 6. 1

7 . 2 8 . 3 9 . 1 10. 2 11. 3

2. 4

P r e - r e a d i n g

4 2. 2

1. 1

7. 2

P i - e - r e a d i n g

1. 1

2. 2

8. 4

1 . 3 2.2

7. 2 8. 4

13. 1

Passage 31

3. 2

Passage 32

3.

3. 4 4. 3 5. 3 6. 2

9 . 1 10. 1 11. 3

Passage 33

2. 1 3. 3 4. 2

3 . 1 4 . 1 5. 4 6. 4

9. 3 10. 3 11. 1 12. 2

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Passage 34

1 . 2 2 . 3 3 . 4 . 2

7 . 3 8 . 2

Passage 35

1. 1 2 . 3 3. 1 4 . 3

7 . 4

Passage 36

1. 1 2 . 2 3 . 4 4 . 2

i . 2

5. 1 6 . 2

5.2 6 . 3

5. 1 6. 4

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1 . 3 2 . 4 3. 2

6. 2 7 . 1 8. 2

11. 4 1 2 . 3 13. 4

16. 2 1 7 . 3 18. 4

21. 2 22. 1 23. 4

26. 2 27. 4 28. 1

31. 4 3 2 . 33. 3

36 . 37. 3 38. 2

41. 1 42. 1 43. 3

46. 1 47. 4 48. 4

4. 3

9. 4

14. 4

1 9 . 2

24 .

29. 3

34 .

39. 2

44. 4

49. 1

5 . 1

4

1 5 . 1

20. 1

25. 4

30. 4

35. 2

40. 3

45. 2

50. 3

4 5 6