Enabling IP+Optical Networks with NCS BRKSPG-2116
Lorenzo Ghioni - Product Manager
Diane Patton - Technical Leader
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKSPG-2116 Cisco Public
Abstract
3
In this session we will start by reviewing the advantages of IP+Optical solutions
including a modeling exercise.
We follow by briefly reviewing optical consideration factors for IP+Optical design,
including G.709 framing, optical impairments management, and modulation schemes
optimization.
We will then discuss IP+Optical Architectures and how new ROADM functionalities
enable a more seamless integration of Routing and Transport capabilities which can
result in better optimization of network cost, flexibility and scalability to support
unknown needs.
We will cover Network integration architectures.
Last but not least, we will discuss how the Network Convergence System recently
launched can enable seamless integration that allows for optimal bandwidth usage
and cost savings.
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKSPG-2116 Cisco Public
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4
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKSPG-2116 Cisco Public
Agenda
Why Converged IP+Optical Architecture?
Consideration Factors for IP+Optical Design
IP+Optical Integration Architectures and Management
New ROADM Trends
Multilayer Control Plane
Network Architectures with Network Convergence System
Conclusion
5
Why Converged IP+Optical Architectures
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKSPG-2116 Cisco Public
The Challenge…
Reduce Cost via:
Incremental changes:
- CAPEX reduction
- OPEX reduction
- Improved Utilization
Architectural changes:
- Convergence of layers, products
Declining
Revenue
per bit
Exponential
Traffic Growth
Seek new sources of Revenue
7
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKSPG-2116 Cisco Public
Traffic Evolution No Longer Just North and South; Now East and West
8
Edge
IP Core
Access
SP Services/ Content
Third-Party Services/ Content
VoD
Business
Unified
Data
Center
Unified
Data
Center
Regional
Data
Center
Regional
Data
Center
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKSPG-2116 Cisco Public
Difficult to Optimize when IP & Optical Networks Treated as Parallel “Ships in Night”
Optical
Layer 0-2
Deployed First and Has Legacy
IP Service Intelligence
IP
Layer 3-7
IP Was Layered on top of Optical
Resulting in:
• Inefficient Utilization
• Disconnected Capacity Planning
• Independent Provisioning/Management
• Poor Visibility Between Layers
• Reduced Service Velocity
9
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKSPG-2116 Cisco Public
IP Service Intelligence
Layer 3-7
Optical
Layer 0-2
IP
Service Velocity Months to Minutes
Best of Both Worlds
Efficient Utilization Increased Profits
Resource Visibility Better SLAs
Path Optimization Higher Resiliency
Network Simplification Better TCO
Operational Integration Better TCO
Converging IP and Optical Networks Simplified Operations, Faster Path to New Revenues
10
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From Incremental to Architectural Changes
11
Incremental Changes
– WDM Integration on Router Line Cards
– Virtual Transponder
– Proactive FRR
Architectural Changes
– IP started as one of many Services to be Transported
– Today IP is the main (the only in some cases…) Service to be Transported
Network Modelling allows us to look at today’s needs to determine which is the best approach to use
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKSPG-2116 Cisco Public
Example Network
12
Consider a (fictitious) National Scale IP network using a mixture of channel types and approaches
– 10GE channels
– 100GE channels
– 10GE and 100GE channels
– Single hop and bypass channel routing
Examine ramifications on
– Channel count
– Link bundle sizes
– Total router fabric
– Largest individual router fabric
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Network Topology
13
44 Nodes
61 Spans totaling 34,000 km
– Individual span lengths range from 160 km to 1200 km
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Traffic Model
14
20 Tbit/s offered load
– Full mesh of 946 demands, sized by end-node traffic weighting
– Largest Demand = 275 Gbit/s; Smallest Demand = 14 Mbit/s
– ~10% Express Traffic, dual span-node disparate routed
– ~90% Best Effort Traffic, shortest routed
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKSPG-2116 Cisco Public
Load Traffic onto Single-Hop 10GEs
Channels Capacity Max Bundle
4,670 46.7 Tbit/s 260
Total Fabric Transit Fabric Largest Fabric
115.6 Tbit/s 93.4 Tbit/s 9.5 Tbit/s 10GE SH
Cross-sectional area a bundle capacity
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKSPG-2116 Cisco Public
Load Traffic onto Single-Hop 100GEs
Channels Capacity Max Bundle
4,670 46.7 Tbit/s 260
496 49.6 Tbit/s 26
Total Fabric Transit Fabric Largest Fabric
115.6 Tbit/s 93.4 Tbit/s 9.5 Tbit/s
121.4 Tbit/s 99.2 Tbit/s 9.6 Tbit/s
10GE SH
Cross-sectional area a bundle capacity
100GE SH
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Channels Capacity Max Bundle
4,670 46.7 Tbit/s 260
496 49.6 Tbit/s 26
1,367 13.7 Tbit/s 27
Total Fabric Transit Fabric Largest Fabric
115.6 Tbit/s 93.4 Tbit/s 9.5 Tbit/s
121.4 Tbit/s 99.2 Tbit/s 9.6 Tbit/s
49.6 Tbit/s 27.3 Tbit/s 5.2 Tbit/s
10GE SH
Cross-sectional area a bundle capacity
Minimum threshold for bypass creation 55% of capacity
100GE SH
10GE BYP
Load Traffic onto Bypass 10GigEs
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Channels Capacity Max Bundle
4,670 46.7 Tbit/s 260
496 49.6 Tbit/s 26
1,367 13.7 Tbit/s 27
244 24.4 Tbit/s 5
Total Fabric Transit Fabric Largest Fabric
115.6 Tbit/s 93.4 Tbit/s 9.5 Tbit/s
121.4 Tbit/s 99.2 Tbit/s 9.6 Tbit/s
49.6 Tbit/s 27.3 Tbit/s 5.2 Tbit/s
71.0 Tbit/s 48.8 Tbit/s 6.8 Tbit/s
10GE SH
Cross-sectional area a bundle capacity
Minimum threshold for bypass creation 55% of capacity
100GE SH
10GE BYP
100GE BYP
Load Traffic onto Bypass 100GigEs
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKSPG-2116 Cisco Public
Channels Capacity Max Bundle
4,670 46.7 Tbit/s 260
496 49.6 Tbit/s 26
1,367 13.7 Tbit/s 27
244 24.4 Tbit/s 5
194/169 21.1 Tbit/s 5/7
Total Fabric Transit Fabric Largest Fabric
115.6 Tbit/s 93.4 Tbit/s 9.5 Tbit/s
121.4 Tbit/s 99.2 Tbit/s 9.6 Tbit/s
49.6 Tbit/s 27.3 Tbit/s 5.2 Tbit/s
71.0 Tbit/s 48.8 Tbit/s 6.8 Tbit/s
64.4 Tbit/s 42.2 Tbit/s 7.3 Tbit/s
10GE SH
100GE SH
10GE BYP
100GE BYP
10GE/100GE
Cross-sectional area a bundle capacity
Minimum threshold for bypass creation 65%/55% of capacity
Mix Bypass 100GE and Bypass 10GigE
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Network Modelling Summary
Single Hop Network Design (independent IP and Optical Networks) is the one which requires the Higher Number of Channels (10GE and 100GE) and the Biggest Fabric Capacity
Traffic Bypass Design (IP and Optical are one Network) allows to reduce the Number of Channels and requires Smaller Fabric Capacity
While this is somewhat a simple case (no multi-period modelling, no Regeneration optimization, no Sensitivity to different growth patterns), it clearly shows the advantages of Convergence
IP and Optical need to be both Flexible and Intelligent – Collaborate to the definition of Optimal solution based on given Constraints
CONSIDERATION FACTORS FOR IP+OPTICAL DESIGN
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Linear Channel Impairments
22
Attenuation
Caused by fiber and passive device losses
Polarization Mode Dispersion
Caused by fiber
Chromatic Dispersion
Caused by fiber
OSNR Degradation
Caused by ASE in EDFA’s
Noise
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Linear Optical Impairments Solutions
23
Attenuation
EDFA’s can help overcome attenuation, applied per span, but add noise
…Hybrid Raman/EDFA amplification can overcome attenuation with minimal noise. FEC also helps.
Polarization Mode Dispersion
Generally have to live with it. Regenerate signal when required.
…Now compensated for in Digital Signal Processing via Coherent Detection
Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR)
Nothing can overcome losses in OSNR! Must regenerate!
…But advanced Forward Error Correction can lower OSNR requirements
Chromatic Dispersion
DCU’s can help mitigate dispersion problems, applied per span, but add cost, latency, and loss
…Now compensated for in Digital Signal Processing via Coherent Detection
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Improve OSNR Performance with FEC
24
FEC extends reach and design flexibility, at “silicon cost”
G.709 standard improves OSNR tolerance by 6.2 dB (at 10–15 BER)
Offers intrinsic performance monitoring
(error statistics)
Higher gains (8.4dB) possible by enhanced
FEC (with same G.709 overhead) OSNR
10Log
(Bit E
rror
Rate
)
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13
CODING GAIN
Pre-FEC
BER
Post-FEC
BER
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How to Increase Transport Capacity?
25
Increase capacity
(bit rate) per
wavelength
Increase the
number of
wavelengths
50 GHz ITU
Grid
Infrastructures
Feasible ADC
bandwidth
400G & Terabit Superchannels
Triple System Capacity
Increase
Modulation
Efficiency
Flexible
Spectrum
Allocation
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Trade off of Reach and Capacity
26
• Solid lines SMF, Dashed ELEAF, no Raman
• 90 km and 25 dB per span
• Symbol-rate 27.75 Gbaud
• BER 4E-3
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The Superchannel concept
27
Information distributed over a few subcarriers spaced as closely as possible forming a
variable rate superchannel
Each subcarrier working at a lower rate, compatible with current ADCs and DSPs
IP+OPTICAL ARCHITECTURES AND MANAGEMENT
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DWDM Building Blocks
30
Transponders
DWDM
Multiplexer
Optical
Amplifiers
(Reconfigurable)
Optical Add/Drop
multiplexer
DWDM
Demultiplexer
Integrated DWDM
in client
OA (R)OADM OA OEO
OEO
Client
OEO
Client
Client
Client
Client
Client
OEO
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The Traditional DWDM Network Approach
31
• Transponder “owned” by the Optical Team
• Router “owned” by the L3 Team
• Generally operate as “ships in the night”.
Transponder Router
SR SR
ROADM
Transport NMS Control Router NMS Control
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OTN (G.709) Hierarchy and Frame Structures
32
OTN defined a fixed “hierarchy” of payloads
OTN started as a pure wrapper around WDM client signals to improve reach and manageability.
Recently it has developed into a complex multiplexing structure.
ODU-Flex allows flexible sub wavelength grooming.
Frame Payload (OPU)
ODU-0 1,238,954 kbps
OTU-1 2,488,320 kbps
OTU-2 9,995,276 kbps
OTU-3 40,150,519 kbps
OTU-4 104,355,975 kbps
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OTN Building Blocks
Digital Wrapper – Opti-electrical and optical components :
Transponders and ROADM – Header information for management of optical
layer – Forward Error Correction for increasing optical
drive distances
Optical Cross
Connect
WDM transponders
Adds G.709 headers
Multi-degree ROADM
Cross Connecting Lambdas
Dropping full lambdas
OTN Electrical Cross Connect
Grooming and aggregation Sub-lambda interfaces
(SONET, OTN, Ethernet, ESCON)
OTN Hierarchy and Cross Connecting – Electrical solution – Time Division Multiplexing Technology – Switching Hierarchy
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKSPG-2116 Cisco Public
Why OTN?
Legacy Client Services - Today
Predominantly 10G DWDM systems
SONET/SDH Client Systems 10G with no plans or need for additional capacity
Packet Services growing rapidly and stressing 10G DWDM systems
40G/100G DWDM Upgrades
Fixes the demand and fiber exhaust issues
More capacity per lambda
Mismatch between some client systems and lambda b/w
Requirement for OTN Hierarchy
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Router to OTN Switch Concept
35
• Lower speed interfaces on Router (< 100G)
• OTN originates and terminates on the switch
• Leaves switch colored or grey
Router(s) OTN
(OTU4)
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Transponder in Router
36
• Transponder integrated in the router
• OTN wrapper and wavelength terminate on the router
• Eliminate interconnects/OEO Conversions
Router ROADM
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Transponder in Router Proactive Protection
37
Reactive Protection P
re-F
EC
Bit
Err
ors
Ro
ute
r B
it
Err
ors
ROADM
FEC
working
route
protect
route
fail
over
FEC Cliff
LOF
Time
Transponder
Proactive Protection
protect
route
working
route
FEC Cliff
Protection Trigger
Pre
-FE
C B
it
Err
ors
Route
r B
it
Err
ors
ROADM
Switch FEC
Time
Router
IP-over-DWDM Proactive Protection
Traditional
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Virtual Transponder Transponder Virtualized into the Optical Network EMS
38 38
Secure Management
Channel
Router Management • L2/L3 Interface Information
• Routing Protocols
• IP Addressing
• Security
Transponder/ROADM Router
Network Management
DWDM Management
• L1 Interface Information
• Wavelength Usage
• Power Levels and Thresholds
• Performance Monitoring
• Respects boundaries between packet / optical administrative groups
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Managing with Cisco Prime Optical
End to End IP+Optical Circuit Creation
End to End OCHTRAIL Circuit View
Troubleshooting IP+Optical – Alarm management
Check DWDM controller parameters – Power values, OTN counters, LOS, LOF, pre-FEC BER, TTI, etc.
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Optical Shelf Concept Transponder virtualized as part of the router
40
• Transponder becomes an extension of the router
• Power levels, OTN overhead, and alarms available in real-time on the router
• DWDM interface controlled and monitored by router CLI or OTN MIB
• Control Plane Interaction
TSP
Transponder
Shelf Router
S
R
PLIM
S
R
ROADM
Shelf Secure
Management
Channel
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Proactive Protection with Grey Interface 100G Protection with ASR9k
41 41
Router
ASR 9000
ONS 15454 M6
100GE
protect
route
working
route
FEC Limit
Protection Trigger
Pre
-FE
C B
it E
rro
rs
Ro
ute
r B
it E
rro
rs
Switch
Time
NEW ROADM TRENDS with NCS 2000
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ROADM Background
44
ROADM brought flexibility to DWDM networks.
Any wavelength. Anywhere.
But it was a static flexibility.
Moves and changes required a truck roll.
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ROADM Background
45
Colored Add/Drop
Fixed port frequency assignment
One unique frequency per port
Directional Add/Drop
Physical add/drop port is tied to a
ROADM “degree”
Due to these restrictions, a change in direction or frequency of an optical circuit required a
physical change (move interface to different port) at the endpoints.
… because ROADM ports were colored and directional.
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKSPG-2116 Cisco Public
ROADM Advances
46
Colorless Add/Drop
No port-frequency assignment
Any frequency, any port
Omni-Directional Add/Drop
Add/Drop ports can be routed to/from
any ROADM degree
Colorless and Omni-directional add/drop bring touchless
flexibility, and hence programmability, to ROADM networks.
With Colorless plus Omni-Directional, the frequency and direction of the signal can be changed,
without requiring a change of ROADM add/drop port.
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ROADM Advances
47
Directional Add/Drop
ROADMs are by definition
Contentionless
With Contentionless, N instances of a given wavelength (where N = the number of line
degrees in the ROADM node) can be add/dropped from a single device, eliminating
any restrictions on dynamic wavelength provisioning.
Contentionless allows multiple
instances of the same frequency to
add/drop from one unit.
But…Colorless and Omni-directional introduce wavelength
contention at the add/drop stage. Need a Contentionless
architecture.
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Flex Spectrum ROADM
48
50 GHz ITU Grid
Wasted Spectrum
4 x 100Gb/s in 200GHz
Efficient Spectrum Use
4 x 100Gb/s in ~125GHz
50 GHz ITU Grid 12.5 GHz Slices
>50% Increase in Capacity
Can switch “Superchannels” with varying bandwidths, > 50GHz
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Different Modulation Techniques Accommodates different BW and Distance Needs
49
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Flexible Modulation Designs
Trunk interfaces with programmable modulation schemes will be available
Interface could support 50G BPSK, 100G QPSK, 200G 16-QAM, and 250G 16-QAM
Design algorithm will choose modulation schemes to minimize interface/regenerator count
Design algorithm also ensures that, e.g. 5 x 100G are never loaded on 2 x 250G
50G BPSK will only be used on paths bearing solely 10G demands (and hence will be sparingly used)
Use same models as single-rate QPSK, and contrast
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MacFlex Concept
NG-DWDM interface enables reach vs payload bandwidth trade off.
– Optimize modulation format for required network performance – BPSK
– QPSK
– 8QAM
– 16QAM
– 64QAM
– Available payload bandwidth per wavelength ranges widely.
LAG
– Inefficient and not granular enough
Adjust Mac layer with 5GBps granularity
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Key Takeaways
Tunable optics and Colorless and allow changing wavelength with no physical re-cabling
Omni-directional allows changing direction with no physical re-cabling
Allow for any to any switching in the optical domain
Allow for dynamic re-routing in the optical domain
Flexible modulation, spectrum and mac flex allow for anywhere, any rate
Converge layers to increase link utilization
Use the C-band spectrum to it’s full capacity
52
Also, these features open the door for a new agile DWDM control plane
Multilayer Control Plane
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Agile Control Plane Requirements
54
Requirements
Tunability Colorless Omni-
Directional Impairment-
aware
Enabling Zero Touch End to End Solution
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What is Wavelength Switched Optical Network?
It is a GMPLS control plane which is “DWDM aware”:
– GMPLS “NNI” –
communication between NNI nodes
– LSP are wavelength,
– the control plane is aware of optical impairments
55
WSON enables lambda setup on the fly
WSON enables lambda re-routing
WSON enables a lambda revalidation against a failure reparation
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Cisco WSON Parameters Foundation for Multi-Layer Information Exchange
56
Linear Impairments
– Power Loss
– Chromatic Dispersion (CD)
– Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)
– Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR))
Non linear Optical impairments:
– Self-Phase Modulation (SPM)
– Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM)
– Four-Wave Mixing (FWM)
Topology
Lambda assignment
Route choices (C-SPF)
Interface Characteristics
Bit rate
FEC
Modulation format
Regeneration Capability
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Wavelength Switched Optical Network Auto Restoration
57
ONS 15454
MSTP
Rome
Milan
Vienna
Frankfurt
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Wavelength Switched Optical Network Auto Restoration
58
ONS 15454
MSTP
Rome
Milan
Vienna
Frankfurt
Fiber Cut!
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Wavelength Switched Optical Network Auto Restoration
59
ONS 15454
MSTP
Rome
Milan
Vienna
Frankfurt
Embedded WSON intelligence locates and verifies a new path
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• If rapid failure detection and recovery is needed it is
assumed that existing packet IP/ MPLS mechanisms
(e.g., BFD, IP-FRR, TE-FRR,LDP-FRR, mLDP-FRR,
fast convergence) will be used for protection and
recovery.
• IP+Optical Solutions can use Proactive Protection
• Protected services (Y-cable, PSM, FiberSwitch) could
be used for valuable traffic to provide rapid protection
at the optical layer.
• Restoration is Best Effort.
Restoration is Slower than Protection
60
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What if we Integrate IP Control Plane with WSON?
Reduce Optical Circuit Turn Up Time
On Demand Bandwidth Provisioning
Constrained Circuit Request to Avoid Shared Risk
Alarm Correlation
Network Optimization
61
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Multi-Layer Control Plane Peer Model
62
Single
Domain Fully Integrated Control Plane
- No Respect for Administrative Boundaries
-Does not take advantage of operational expertise
- Scale of Routing Topology
- Memory requirements for every platform
- Path computation loads across entire network
- Does not take advantage of operational
expertise
- Impact on Maintenance and Software Deployment
- Software Testing and upgrade span entire network
-slows certification cycles
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Multi-Layer Control Plane Overlay Model is Efficient and Scales
63
Separate Control Planes per Layer with
signaling between
- Respects Boundaries
- Scales
- Operational Expertise
- Faster Testing/Provisioning
DWDM
Domain
Routing
Domain
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GMPLS – User Network Interface
User-Network Interface (UNI) to implement an overlay model
between two networks – with limited communication between them
Enables a Cisco router to signal paths dynamically through a DWDM network
Paths may be signaled with diversity requirements
Building block for multi-layer routing
H E L L O my name is
I IPP H E L L O
my name is
Optical
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WSON and IP Control Plane Communicate via GMPLS UNI
65
GMPLS
UNI WSON
NCS2000
GMPLS
UNI
Milan Rome
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Provisioning using GMPLS UNI Example Constrained Circuit Request
66
1. Operator requests a circuit between Source and Destination Router Interfaces using
CLI
WSON
Milan Rome MIL-
NCS2000
Head
UNI-C
Ingress
UNI-N
ROM-
NCS2000
Tail
UNI-C
Egress
UNI-N
1
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Provisioning using GMPLS UNI Example Constrained Circuit Request
67
WSON
Milan Rome MIL-
NCS2000
Head
UNI-C
Ingress
UNI-N
ROM-
NCS2000
Tail
UNI-C
Egress
UNI-N
2
2. Using GMPLS UNI, Head UNI-C signals UNI-N System requesting path to Destination
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Provisioning using GMPLS UNI Example Constrained Circuit Request
68
WSON
Milan Rome MIL-
NCS2000
Head
UNI-C
Ingress
UNI-N
ROM-
NCS2000
Tail
UNI-C
Egress
UNI-N
3. UNI-N Initiates WSON (C-SPF), and finds best path based on diversity requirements
3
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Provisioning using GMPLS UNI Example Constrained Circuit Request
69
WSON
Milan Rome MIL-
NCS2000
Head
UNI-C
Ingress
UNI-N
ROM-
NCS2000
Tail
UNI-C
Egress
UNI-N
4. Destination UNI-N node signals Tail UNI-C and requests DWDM interface to be set to
specific wavelength
4
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Provisioning using GMPLS UNI Example Constrained Circuit Request
70
WSON
Milan Rome MIL-
NCS2000
Head
UNI-C
Ingress
UNI-N
ROM-
NCS2000
Tail
UNI-C
Egress
UNI-N
5. Ingress UNI-N signals Head UNI-C to set DWDM Interface to same wavelength
5
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Provisioning using GMPLS UNI Example Constrained Circuit Request
71
WSON
Milan Rome MIL-
NCS2000
Head
UNI-C
Ingress
UNI-N
ROM-
NCS2000
Tail
UNI-C
Egress
UNI-N
6. Router Interfaces come up, IGP Adjacencies Formed, traffic begins flowing
6
Int Hun0/0/0/0 up/up
ISIS nei relationship
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Some Inefficiencies in Layer 2/3 Network
Impacts SLA
– downtime, latency, loss, predictability of service
Impacts bottom-line
– SLA penalty, unoptimized capacity, support complexity
72
LFA/TE FRR Fate-
Sharing from primary
WAN
Disjointness
for PoP
Homogenous
Latency and
Fate sharing
Bundle
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Basis for nLight Control Plane
73
The solution to these problems are simple
If the client layer knows basic information from the server layer: SRLG, latency…
To-date, this information is invisible to the client layer We need to allow for information sharing between Client and Server
GMPLS UNI
GMPLS UNI Extensions
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Multilayer Control Plane - nLight
GMPLS UNI extension to include SRLG and Coordinated maintenance functionality
GMPLS UNI extension to support next generation of Multi-rate/Multi-Modulation/Multicarrier HS Optics
Automatic Bandwidth service from MPLS CP and WSON CP will be the end goal to deploy a true Multi-Layer Network
Integration of an L1/L3 awareness in a Network Planner Prime module
74
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Information Flowing through nLight with GMPLS UNI
When signalling a circuit, a client may request
– server SRLG’s to be excluded or included
– the path to follow another Circuit-ID
– the path to be disjoint from another Circuit-ID
– an optimization upon shortest latency
– a bound on latency not to exceed
– an optimization upon lowest optical cost
– optical restoration
– optical re-optimization
75
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Information Flowing through nLight
For each circuit it signals, a client may be informed of
– Circuit-ID – unique identifier in server context
– SRLG’s along the circuit
– Latency through the server network
– Path through the server network
Information continuously refreshed
A client may be informed of server
topology/resource
Policy Controlled by the Server Layer
76
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nLight Control Plane Resolves the Inefficiencies
Efficient IP/MPLS FRR
– thanks to SRLG discovery
Enforcement of disjointess or same-path requirements
– thanks to SRLG/Circuit-ID disjointness
Efficient diagnostics
– latency discovery
Efficient operation
– multi-layer maintenance coordination
77
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Putting it Together Example GMPLS UNI with Diverse LSP, WSON, and IPoDWDM Proactive Protection
78
78
Milan Brussels
London
Optical network
Need new circuit from Milan
To Brussels
Traffic Flow
Milan<->Brussels
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Putting it Together Example GMPLS UNI with Diverse LSP, WSON, and IPoDWDM Proactive Protection
79
79
London
Optical network
GMPLS UNI brings up new circuit
To Brussels using LSP diversity
IGP sees direct connection Milan<->Brussels
Traffic Flow
Milan<->Brussels
Other IP traffic
Milan Brussels
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Putting it Together Example GMPLS UNI with Diverse LSP, WSON, and IPoDWDM Proactive Protection
80
80
London
Optical network
Fiber Cut!
Traffic Flow
Milan<->Brussels
Fiber
cut
Other IP traffic
Milan Brussels
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Putting it Together Example GMPLS UNI with Diverse LSP, WSON, and IPoDWDM Proactive Protection
81
81
London
Optical network
IGP nei relationship to Brussels breaks
Proactive Protection kicks in, high
Priority traffic re-routed through London
Fiber
cut
Traffic Flow
Milan<->Brussels
Other IP traffic
Milan Brussels
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Putting it Together Example GMPLS UNI with Diverse LSP, WSON, and IPoDWDM Proactive Protection
82
82
London
Optical network
GMPLS UNI/WSON begins to
re-route circuit
Fiber
cut
Traffic Flow
Milan<->Brussels
Other IP traffic
Milan Brussels
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Putting it Together Example GMPLS UNI with Diverse LSP, WSON, and IPoDWDM Proactive Protection
83
83
London
Optical network
New Circuit built to Brussels, LSP diverse
Proactive Protection Reverts
IGP forms neighbor relationship again
Fiber
cut
Traffic Flow
Milan<->Brussels
Other IP traffic
Milan Brussels
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Putting it Together Example GMPLS UNI with Diverse LSP, WSON, and IPoDWDM Proactive Protection
84
84
London
Optical network
Traffic re-routes original L3 path
Re-uses SAME IPoDWDM Interface!
Optically, takes a different Route
Fiber
cut
Traffic Flow
Milan<->Brussels
Other IP traffic
Milan Brussels
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Putting it Together Example GMPLS UNI with Diverse LSP, WSON, and IPoDWDM Proactive Protection
85
85
London
Optical network
If revert is configured, when
Fiber cut fixed, will revert to original
Path (Configured in MSTP)
Traffic Flow
Milan<->Brussels
Other IP traffic
Milan Orlando
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Restoration for Optical Failures example
86
BB1 BB2 Premium: 30G
BE: 90G
3x 100G Worst-case stable:
120G on 300G
Avg IP util: 120/300= 47%%
BB1 BB2 Premium: 30G
BE: 90G
Worst-case transient:
120G on 200G. BE loss
Avg IP util: 120/200= 60%=
Worst-case stable:
120G on 100G: possible BE
loss= 60%
In a real SP network: 10-34% less interfaces (less router ports, less transponders, less wavelengths, less power, more scale)
2x 100G
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What is Multi Layer Restoration (MLR) Concept?
87
Three Types:
MLR–O: Multilayer Restoration From Optical Failure
- allows the router to negotiate with the optical layer on which contraints
it cares about
MLR-P: Multilayer Restoration from Port Failure
- allows the router to change the port that originates the circuit
MLR-A: Multilayer Restoration from IP Aggregation Node Failure
- allows the router to change the destination node
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKSPG-2116 Cisco Public
Where are we going? Multilayer Optimization
Applications
Network
Devices
with on-box
Control
Plane
Hybrid Control plane:
Distributed control combined with
central control (through Controllers)
for optimized behavior (e.g. optimized
performance) Fully Distributed Control Plane:
Optimized for reliability
Network
Middleware
“Controllers”
Centralize when needed, default distributed network for all else
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Multilayer Network Optimization Architecture
89
Impairment aware WSON
GMPLS-UNI
Multi-Layer Information sharing &
Automation
Multi-Layer Restoration Link (fiber),
Port, & Node failures
Coordinated optical path maintenance
& optimization
Application aware
Multi-Layer Optimization
PCE-based
WDM planning
tool (CTP)
Automation Optimization
Network Architectures with Network Convergence System
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Improving Link and System Utilization
Lambda Utilization
– In today’s model, the DWDM layer is the convergence layer
– DWDM is trending to the highest cost component of the network
– Increasing fill rates on lambdas will be a critical means of reducing cost
– Need to support both circuit and packet abstractions in the same lambda
Multiple functions per shelf increases slot fill rate
Hybrid line cards support carrying diverse service types on a single lambda
Hybrid Fabrics allowing fabric sharing for circuit and packet switching
nLight optimization allows increased utilization on links and eliminates need for multi-layer protection bandwidth
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKSPG-2116 Cisco Public
Layer Convergence Concept
Eliminate a box per function in the network – Collapse OTN, DWDM and IP/MPLS into a single node
– Collapse peering, core, lean core and edge into a single node
Following functions available as line cards in NCS systems – Transponder, OTN Switching, IP/MPLS, Core, Edge, Peering
Optimize traffic flow with layer integration –
Any service anywhere lowers the barriers to new service adoption and turn up
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKSPG-2116 Cisco Public
NCS6000
Aggregation
Core/Metro DWDM Transport
NCS4000
Transport
NCS4000
Optical
Interconnect
Optical Interconnect Optical Interconnect
NCS2000
NCS4000
NCS4000
NCS Series Network Design
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NCS6000
Aggregation
Core/Metro DWDM Transport
NCS4000
Transport NCS6000
Optical
Interconnect
Optical Interconnect Optical Interconnect
NCS2000
NCS4000
NCS4000
NCS Series Network Design
NCS4000 NCS2000
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NCS Network across Core and Metro
Utiliy
λ Services
Core Metro/Regional
OTN NCS4000
NCS6000 ASR9K
M6
NCS2000
GE/Legacy/Utility Satellite
Carrier Ethernet
M12
Access a
nd C
PE
TDM
CRS
NCS2000
NCS4000 OTN
CONCLUSION
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Intelligent Information Exchange Proactive Protection, GMPLS, Control Plane
97
Packet Layer
(master) DWDM Layer
(slave)
IGP SLA’s
QoS Queuing power levels
OSNR
CD / PMD
non-linear impairments
physical topology Peering Addressing
GMPLS
nLight
Control Plane
G.709
Circuit from A to Z
Proactive Protection Interface Integration
UNI
UNI Extensions
Pre-FEC Threshold Crossing
Network Topology & Feasibility
Matching Path
Disjoint Path
SRLG Avoidance
Max Latency
Circuit ID and Path
Circuit ID and Path
SRLG database
Path Latencies
Client Requests Server Information
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IP+Optical Evolution Data Plane, Control Plane, Management Plane Integration
98
Touchless ROADM
Flexible Transport
Packet Resource
Optimized for Packet Density
Optical Resource
Optimized for DWDM Interfaces
High Density
Packet Ports
Zero Cost Optical
or Backplane
Interconnect
Unified
Management
Rate Adaptation
L1/2/3 Switching
Adaptive, Multi-Rate
DWDM Optics
Colorless-Omni-Flex
ROADM
Control Plane
Automation
Low Speed
Breakout
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKSPG-2116 Cisco Public
Summary
Packet traffic increasing
IP+Optical decreases expenses while streamlining services
New Architectures enable next generation networks
New ROADM trends to support optical agile networks enabling multilayer control planes
Multilayer control planes add network automation and resiliency which decreases Total Cost of Ownership
Integrating IP+Optical with NCS makes sense!
99
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Related Session
BRKOPT-2101 - WSON and Impact on an IP+Optical ML Control Plane
–Tomorrow (29 Jan) at 9:00am
100
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Call to Action…
Visit the World of Solutions:-
Cisco Campus
Walk-in Labs
Technical Solutions Clinics
Meet the Engineer
Lunch Time Table Topics, held in the main Catering Hall
Recommended Reading: For reading material and further resources for this session, please visit www.pearson-books.com/CLMilan2014
101
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102
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Acronyms
104
ADC Analog Digital Converter
C-SPF Constrained Shortest Path First
CD Chromatic Dispersion
CP-
DQPSK
Coherent Polarisation-Mux Differential Quadrature Phase
Shift Keying
DCU Dispersion Compensating Unit
DSP Digital Signal Processing
DWDM Dense Wave Division Multiplexing
ELEAF E-Large Effective Area Fibre
ERO Explicit Route Option
FEC Forward Error Correction
FRR Fast Re-Route
FWM Four Wave Mixing
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switching
IC Integrated Circuit
IEEE Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers
IETF Internet Engineeing Task Force
ITU International Telecommunications Union
LFA Loop Free Alternate
LMP Link Management Protocol
LSP Labeled Switch Path
NNI Network-Network Interface
NPU Network Processing Unit
NCS Network Convergence System
OCP Optical Control Plane
OEO Optical – Electrical- Optical
OIF Optical Internetworking Forum
OOK On/Off Keying
OSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
OTN Optical Transport Network
PMD Polarization Mode Dispersion
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
ROADM Reprogrammable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKSPG-2116 Cisco Public
Acronyms (Continued)
105
RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SLA Service Level Agreement
SMF
Single Mode Fiber
SONET Synchronous Optical Network
SRLG Shared Risk Link Groups
TCO Total Cost of Ownership
TDM Time Division Multiplexed
TE Traffic Engineering
UNI User-Network Interface
WSON Wavelength Switched Optical Network
WXC Wavelength Cross Connect
XPM Cross Phase Modulation
YoY Year over Year