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ENABLING ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR TECHNOLOGIES FOR
4G NETWORKS4G NETWORKS
BYBY
ADEL AL-SHAHRANIADEL AL-SHAHRANI
986074986074
June 3, 2003 June 3, 2003
OUTLINEOUTLINE
WHY 4GWHY 4GNETWORK LAYER TECHNOLOGIESNETWORK LAYER TECHNOLOGIES Network ArchitecturesNetwork Architectures MIPv6 & HMIPv6MIPv6 & HMIPv6 IDMPIDMP
PHYSICAL LAYER TECHNOLOGIESPHYSICAL LAYER TECHNOLOGIES SDRSDR OFDMOFDM M-Ary MC-CDMAM-Ary MC-CDMA
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
WHY 4G?WHY 4G?
1G Analogy Communication1G Analogy Communication
2G Digital Communication2G Digital Communication
3G Multimedia 3G Multimedia
4G More Services4G More Services
NETWORK ARCHTECTURESNETWORK ARCHTECTURES
OVERLAY NETWORKOVERLAY NETWORK
COMMON ACCESS NETWORKCOMMON ACCESS NETWORK
MULTIMODE DEVICESMULTIMODE DEVICES
OVERLAY NETWORKOVERLAY NETWORK
UAPUAP
Handoff: networkHandoff: network
COMMON ACCESS NETWORKCOMMON ACCESS NETWORK
Wireless networkWireless network
FlexibleFlexible
MULTIMODE DEVICESMULTIMODE DEVICES
AMPS/CDMAAMPS/CDMA
Physical DevicePhysical Device
MIPv6MIPv6
MN, HA and FAMN, HA and FA
CoA: FA or DHCPv6CoA: FA or DHCPv6
Optimizing the routOptimizing the rout
Why MIPv6? (Cont.)Why MIPv6? (Cont.)Criteria MIPv4 MIPv6
Foreign Agent Rely on HA and MN Also, as MIPv4 but it doesn’t require FA to issue CoA (DHCP do it)-> location independent
Route optimization
Optional for CN and it need to be implemented
Allow direction connection from CN and MN but it need binding update to HA
Security Use Virtual Private Network outside firewall and allow v4 IPsec VPN
As MIPv4 and it allow v6 IPsec VPN
Home Agent address discovery
-- Using IPv6 anycast by sending binding update to HA anycast address.
MIPv6 (Cont.)MIPv6 (Cont.)
HMIPv6HMIPv6
Reduce handoffsReduce handoffs
Mobility Anchor Point (MAP)Mobility Anchor Point (MAP)
Two CoAsTwo CoAs
HMIPv6 (Cont.)HMIPv6 (Cont.)
Intra-Domain Mobility Management Intra-Domain Mobility Management ProtocolProtocol
Reducing handoffs and paging latency Reducing handoffs and paging latency
Gateway foreign agent (GFA) Gateway foreign agent (GFA)
GCoA & LCoAGCoA & LCoA
Delays: Link layer establishment delay, IP subnet Delays: Link layer establishment delay, IP subnet registration and Intradomain update delayregistration and Intradomain update delay
MovementImminentMovementImminent message message
Intra-Domain Mobility Management Intra-Domain Mobility Management Protocol (Cont.)Protocol (Cont.)
Intra-Domain Mobility Management Intra-Domain Mobility Management Protocol (Cont.)Protocol (Cont.)
SOFTWARE DEFINE RADIO SOFTWARE DEFINE RADIO (SDR)(SDR)
Allocating different frequency BW in different Allocating different frequency BW in different countriescountries
4G deals with different technologies standards 4G deals with different technologies standards
Infrastructure hardware -downloading software Infrastructure hardware -downloading software
Development in :Development in : (A/D) and (D/A) converters (A/D) and (D/A) converters (FPGA) and digital signal processing (DSP) (FPGA) and digital signal processing (DSP) general-purpose programmable devices general-purpose programmable devices
SDR (Cont.)SDR (Cont.)
Packet-based switch Packet-based switch
Multiple boards in a cPCI Multiple boards in a cPCI
Flexible and scalable Flexible and scalable
Orthogonal Frequency Division Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Multiplexing
Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM) Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM) SupportingSupporting date rate: 54Mbpsdate rate: 54Mbps real traffic: 22Mbpsreal traffic: 22Mbps
OrthogonallyOrthogonally
Parallel subcarriersParallel subcarriers
OFDM (Cont.)OFDM (Cont.)
Components:Components: FFT processors,FFT processors, System I/OSystem I/O Serial-parallel convertersSerial-parallel converters Parallel-serial convertersParallel-serial converters OFDM logicOFDM logic
OFDM (Cont.)OFDM (Cont.)
(a)(a) TransmitterTransmitter(b)(b) ReceiverReceiver
OFDM (Cont.)OFDM (Cont.)
Types:Types: Vector OFDMVector OFDM F-OFDMF-OFDM W-OFDMW-OFDM MIMO-OFDMMIMO-OFDM
Issues: Issues: Frequency offsetFrequency offset , , Phase noisePhase noise and and Peak to average power ratio-PARPeak to average power ratio-PAR
M-ary MC-CDMAM-ary MC-CDMA
Supporting data rate: 20MbpsSupporting data rate: 20Mbps
Combination of OFDM and CDMACombination of OFDM and CDMA
Advantages:Advantages: High data ratesHigh data rates High BW efficiencyHigh BW efficiency Reducing interference and frequency diversityReducing interference and frequency diversity
M-ary MC-CDMA (Transmitter)M-ary MC-CDMA (Transmitter)
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M-ary MC-CDMA (Receiver)M-ary MC-CDMA (Receiver)
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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
Using IP: MIPUsing IP: MIP
SDR is the drive technology to 4GSDR is the drive technology to 4G
High speed technologies (MCM): OFDM High speed technologies (MCM): OFDM and MC-CDMAand MC-CDMA
HW developmentsHW developments
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Background: IDMP PagingBackground: IDMP Paging
Reduce LatencyReduce Latency
Paging Areas (PAs)Paging Areas (PAs)
Area Identifiers (PAIs)Area Identifiers (PAIs)
PageSolicitationPageSolicitation packet packet
IDMP Paging (Cont.)IDMP Paging (Cont.)
MIMO-OFDMMIMO-OFDM
Technologies:Technologies: MIMOMIMO OFDMOFDM
Advantages:Advantages: reducing the fade margin reducing the fade margin double the data rate double the data rate frequency diversity frequency diversity allows different data rates allows different data rates
Performance: Performance: Fading Margins, Cell Size Fading Margins, Cell Size and Measured Data Rates and Measured Data Rates