E n a b l i n g Wa s t e w a t e r M a n a g em e n t a n d S a n i t a t i o n i n S o u t h - E a s t A s i a

F i n d i n g 1 : The mapping of 2012 Household Water Security Index (HHWSI) scores show that South and South-East Asia are facing a problem in accessing improved water facilities and sanitation due to poor wastewater management.

1 Highest 2 High3 Moderate4 Low5 Lowest

I n S o u t h - E a s t A s i a

3 7 8m i l l i o n p e o p l e

1 0 2m i l l i o n p e o p l e 1 i n 5 p e o p l e

6 7% h a v e a c c e s s t o i m p r o v e d s a n i t a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s

c o n t i n u e t o p r a c t i c e o p e n d e f e c a t i o n

(International Water Center 2009: 7)

(WHO-UNICEF 2014: 54-70).

d i d n o t h a v e a c c e s s t o i m p r o v e d s a n i t a t i o n

of people in Cambodia

6 3 %of people inLao PDR

3 5 % of people in Viet Nam

2 5 %

The poor sanitation was costing the economies of these countries an equivalent of between 0.5% and 7.2% of their annual GDP (World Bank study, WSP, 2007) For Viet Nam, Lao PDR and Cambodia, the costs are 0.5 percent, 5.6 percent, and 7.2 percent of the GDP, respectively. Thus, investments in sanitation, in addition to bringing significant benefits to the poor communities, provide great economic gains. (ESCAP, UN-Habitat, AIT, 2015)

F i n d i n g 2 : Decentralised wastewater treatment systems (DEWATS) offers a wide range of financial benefits and improves the Benefit-Cost Ratio in socio-economic terms

U r b a nS ew e r a g e

w i t h t r e a t m e n t S e p t i c t a n k

w i t h t r e a t m e n t

V i e t N am

P h i l i p p i n e s

I n d o n e s i a

C am b o d i a

L a o P D R

R u r a lD r yp i t

W e t p i t

S e pt i c t a n k

W e t p i tC o u n t r y

8 . 0 N / A 4 . 0 8 . 1 3 . 0 3 . 8

5 . 0 8 . 0 2 . 5 4 . 8 4 . 5 4 . 5

8 . 1 7 . 0 4 . 0 3 . 3 1 . 8 1 . 9

2 . 0 3 . 0 N / A 1 . 7 0 . 1 N / A

8 . 3 1 0 . 0 3 . 8 6 . 0 N / A N / A

Benefit-Cost Ratio comparison for six countries , Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) of the World Bank, 2012 N/A = Not availableEvery US dollar invested in sanitation yields USD 5 in returns in terms of direct and indirect socio-economic benefits in South-East Asia. (WHO 2012: 4)

F i n d i n g 4 : The choice of technological module of the DEWATS facility defines the amount of treatment costs

RURAL WET PIT

CONCRETE RINGDRY PITLATRINE

CLTS DRY PITLATRINE

*The Case for Cambodia, 2012, WSP

C O S T S P E R H O U S E H O L D F O R D I F F E R E N TS A N I T A T I O N S Y S T EM S I N U S D

I n v e s t m e n t C o s t O p e r a t i o n s a n d M a i n t e n a n c e

CENTRALIZEDWASTEWATERSYSTEM

DECENTRALLIZEDWASTERWATERSYSTEM

URBAN WET PITLATRINE

E N V I R O NM E N TA LE C O N OM I C

S O C I A L

I m p r o v e dL i v e l i h o o d s

P u b l i c H e a l t hS a f e g u a r d e d

T i m eEffi c i e n t

I n f o r m e dC h o i c e

P r o f e s s i o nD e s i g n a n dWo r km a n s h i p

C o s tEffi c i e n c y

C a p a c i t i e sS t r e n g t h e n e d

R e p l i c a t i o n/ U p s c a l i n g

F i n d i n g 3 : DEWATS contributes to sustainable development at the community level by addressing economic, social, and environmental concerns

Low InvestmentDesign works inmultiple settingIncremental growthSustainable revenuesource

• E C O N OM I C • S O C I A L • E N V I R O NM E N TA LImproved hygieneOpportunity for PPP(Public-Private-Partnerships)Opportunities forlocal investmentProvides low-cost solutions

Water qualityimprovementReduces waterneedsAdaptable todischarge standardsWater reuseopportunities

F i n d i n g 5 : Key success factors for enabling wastewater management and sanitation in South-East Asia.

Enable policy on pro-poor Public-Private Partnership (5P) for sustainable sanitation services(3S) implementation process by ensuring financial and investment climate from government,donors and entrepreneurs through the whole ‘sanitation value chain’, from storage, collection and treatment, to disposal and reuse through subsidees and incentives.

Involve small-scale private-sector business to improve sanitation service throughengagement and motivation.

Foster household and community demand for sanitation through offering new affordabletechnologies, promotion of the benefits of hygiene and sanitation and marketing of specific sanitation products.

3 0

6 0 0

25

3 0 012 . 9

2 1 1 1 6 8 1 5 17 4

1 . 94 . 7

2 . 4

These ma in 5 find ings came from the outcome papers and the experience of implementing a joint project of ESCAP-UN-Habitat in collaboration with AIT on: “Strengthening capacity of policy- makers in SEA to promote policies and developing plans for improved wastewater treatment and reuse in urban and peri-urban areas”, to address the fast-growing problem of untreated wastewater through promotion of the Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS) in 2013-2015 "

(Source: BORDA, 2012)