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ENBE Final Project Report

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ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Better Livable Town Representation Better Livable Town EMPIRE NAME: Loh Pey Mun STUDENT ID: 0318572 COURSE: FNBE APR 2014 Loh Pey Mun | 0318572 | Puan Has| FNBE APR 2014 | Taylor’s University 1
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Page 1: ENBE Final Project Report

ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Better Livable Town Representation

Better Livable Town

EMPIRE

NAME: Loh Pey Mun

STUDENT ID: 0318572

COURSE: FNBE APR 2014

Loh Pey Mun | 0318572 | Puan Has| FNBE APR 2014 | Taylor’s University1

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Content:

1. Introduction2. A Town : Investigation on Better Township or Town or City

Guidelines and Issues 3. Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient and old cities/town 4. Investigation & Data Collection: The present towns/cities 5. Investigation & Data Collection: The future and better township 6. The New “X” Town / Or the new name7. The Conclusion 8. Reference

Loh Pey Mun | 0318572 | Puan Has| FNBE APR 2014 | Taylor’s University2

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1. Introduction

With most of the world living in cities, urban space is going to be at a premium, so we need to design ingenious and important ways to create public gathering spaces

This project will be focusing on the component of a town and built environment . We need to propose a new layout for a new “X” town to solve the problem of population it is too crowed . The future town should focus on the needs of the residents , the facilities , infrastructures , and how it will sustain itself in the future . To plan for the future town we should refer to the past and learn from the past to plan a better future town.

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2. The Town-A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city.-A town is usually a place with a lot of houses, but not a city. As with cities, there is more than one way to say what a town is in different countries. In some places, it is a kind of local government.-Australian geographer Thomas Griffith Taylor identified five types of town:

1. Infantile towns –with no clear zoning2. Juvenile towns – which have developed an area of shops3. Adolescent towns –where factories have started to appear4. Early mature towns –with a separate area of high-class housing5 . Mature towns – defined industrial , commercial and various types of residential area.

History of a townA town is not just an overgrown village. It has its own economy. Goods are made and traded there. So a good site might be on a bend in a navigable river, or beside a river crossing. The development of towns is generally complex. In those of our historic towns not too mangled by Blitz or boom, you can trace the growth from medieval core through belts of Georgian, Victorian and modern buildings, almost like tree rings. Check your conclusions with a series of town maps. The date and magnificence of churches, public buildings and places of entertainment give other clues to the periods of greatest prosperity.

Towns generally have complex systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation. The concentration of development greatly facilitates interaction between people and businesses, benefiting both parties in the process, but it also presents challenges to managing urban growth. A big town or metropolis usually has associated suburbs and exurbs. Such towns are usually associated with metropolitan areas and urban areas, creating numerous business commuters traveling to urban centers for employment.

What makes a good town?Town are for all people. Public places are where all can share in the good of the town. A town public space should make all the people that live in the town happy. Making people happy requires that they have dignity, are treated equally, and have hope. A town that can give all the needs of the people ,the facilities , infrastructures and how it will sustain itself in the future .

3. Investigation & Data Collection:

Loh Pey Mun | 0318572 | Puan Has| FNBE APR 2014 | Taylor’s University4

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Ancient Cities / towns

Classical Athens

History of Classical AthensRise to power (508–448 BC)Hippias - of the Peisistratid family - established a dictatorship in 514 BC, which proved very unpopular, although it established stability and prosperity, and was eventually overthrown with the help of an army from Sparta, in 511/510 BC. The radical politician of aristocratic background (the Alcmaeonid family), Cleisthenes, then took charge and established democracy in Athens. The reforms of Cleisthenes replaced the traditional four Ionic "tribes" (phyle) with ten new ones, named after legendary heroes of Greece and having no class basis, which acted as electorates. Each tribe was in turn divided into three trittyes (one from the coast; one from the city and one from the inland divisions), while each trittys had one or more demes (see deme)—depending on their population—which became the basis of local government. The tribes each selected fifty members by lot for the Boule, the council which governed Athens on a day-to-day basis. The public opinion of voters could be influenced by the political satires written by the comic poets and performed in the city theaters.The Assembly or Ecclesia was open to all full citizens and was both a legislature and a supreme court, except in murder cases and religious matters, which became the only remaining functions of the Areopagus. Most offices were filled by lot, although the ten strategoi (generals) were elected.Early Athenian coin, 5th century BC. British Museum.Prior to the rise of Athens, Sparta, a city-state with a militaristic culture, considered itself the leader of the Greeks, and enforced an hegemony. In 499 BC Athens sent troops to aid the Ionian Greeks of Asia Minor, who were rebelling against the Persian Empire (see Ionian Revolt). This provoked two Persian invasions of Greece, both of which were repelled under the leadership of the soldier-statesmen Miltiades and Themistocles (see Persian Wars). In 490 the Athenians, led by Miltiades, prevented the first invasion of the Persians, guided by king Darius I, at the Battle of Marathon. In 480 the Persians returned under a new ruler, Xerxes I. The Hellenic League led by the Spartan King Leonidas led 7,000 men to hold the narrow passageway of Thermopylae against the 100,000-250,000 army of Xerxes, during which time Leonidas and 300 other Spartan elites were killed. Simultaneously the Athenians led an indecisive naval battle off Artemisium. However, this delaying action was not enough to discourage the Persian advance which soon marched through Boeotia, setting up Thebes as their base of operations, and entered southern Greece. This forced the Athenians to evacuate Athens, which was taken by the Persians, and seek the protection of their fleet. Subsequently the Athenians and their allies, led by Themistocles, defeated the Persian navy at sea in the Battle of Salamis. It is interesting to note that Xerxes had built himself a throne on the coast in order to see the Greeks defeated. Instead, the Persians were routed. Sparta's hegemony was passing to Athens,

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and it was Athens that took the war to Asia Minor. These victories enabled it to bring most of the Aegean and many other parts of Greece together in the Delian League, an Athenian-dominated alliance.

Athenian hegemony (448–430 BC)Pericles—an Athenian general, politician and orator—distinguished himself above the other personalities of the era, men who excelled in politics, philosophy, architecture, sculpture, history and literature. He fostered arts and literature and gave to Athens a splendor which would never return throughout its history. He executed a large number of public works projects and improved the life of the citizens. Hence, he gave his name to the Athenian Golden Age. Silver mined in Laurium in southeastern Attica contributed greatly to the prosperity of this "Golden" Age of Athens.During the time of the ascendancy of Ephialtes as leader of the democratic faction, Pericles was his deputy. When Ephialtes was assassinated by personal enemies, Pericles stepped in and was elected general, or strategos, in 445 BC; a post he held continuously until his death in 429 BC, always by election of the Athenian Assembly.

Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC)

The modern National Academy in Athens, with Apollo and Athena on their columns, and Socrates and Plato seated in front.Resentment by other cities at the hegemony of Athens led to the Peloponnesian War in 431, which pitted Athens and her increasingly rebellious sea empire against a coalition of land-based states led by Sparta. The conflict marked the end of Athenian command of the sea. The war between Athens and the city-state Sparta ended with an Athenian defeat after Sparta started its own navy.Athenian democracy was briefly overthrown by the coup of 411, brought about because of its poor handling of the war, but it was quickly restored. The war ended with the complete defeat of Athens in 404. Since the defeat was largely blamed on democratic politicians such as Cleon and Cleophon, there was a brief reaction against democracy, aided by the Spartan army (the rule of the Thirty Tyrants). In 403, democracy was restored by Thrasybulus and an amnesty declared.

Corinthian War and the Second Athenian League (395–355 BC)Sparta's former allies soon turned against her due to her imperialist policies, and Athens's former enemies, Thebes and Corinth, became her allies. Argos, Thebes and Corinth, allied with Athens, fought against Sparta in the decisive Corinthian War of 395 BC–387 BC. Opposition to Sparta enabled Athens to establish a Second Athenian League. Finally Thebes defeated Sparta in 371 in the Battle of Leuctra. However, other Greek cities, including Athens, turned against Thebes, and its dominance was brought to an end at the Battle of Mantinea (362 BC) with the death of its leader, the military genius Epaminondas.

Athens under Macedon (355–322 BC)Further information: Alexander the Great, Antipatrid dynasty and Antigonid dynasty

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By mid century, however, the northern kingdom of Macedon was becoming dominant in Athenian affairs, despite the warnings of the last great statesman of independent Athens, Demosthenes. In 338 BC the armies of Philip II defeated Athens at the Battle of Chaeronea, effectively limiting Athenian independence. Athens and other states became part of the League of Corinth. Further, the conquests of his son, Alexander the Great, widened Greek horizons and made the traditional Greek city state obsolete. Antipater dissolved the Athenian government and established a plutocratic system in 322 BC (see Lamian War and Demetrius Phalereus). Athens remained a wealthy city with a brilliant cultural life, but ceased to be an independent power.In the 2nd century BC, following the Battle of Corinth (146 BC), Greece was absorbed into the Roman Republic as part of the Achaea Province, concluding 200 years of Macedonian supremacy.

Athens was the largest city in Greece, and controlled a region called Attica. Between the many mountains were fertile valleys, with many farms. Athens became rich because Attica also had valuable sources of silver, lead and marble. Athens also had the biggest navy in Greece.Athens was a beautiful and busy city. People came to the city from all over Greece, and from other countries, to study and to trade. The city's most famous building was the temple called the Parthenon. It stood on a rocky hill called the Acropolis. Inside the Parthenon stood a statue of the city's protector-goddess Athena.

4. Investigation & Data Collection:

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Present Towns / township

AMSTERDAM.

History of AMSTERDAM-The Origins of AmsterdamAmsterdam emerged from this mists of the Low Countries in about 1200 , on a watery site at the mouth of the Amstel river . It was a settlement of fisherfolk before turning to trade . The first permanent dwellings were built on terps , man-made mounds high enough to provide protection from flood water . As the settlement grew combat ,with feudal struggles between the Lords van Amstel and the counts of Holland , who had the backing of the all-powerful bishops of Utrecht . This rivalry continued into the next century.

-Medieval Amsterdam The little town at the mouth of the Amstel fortified itself against both its enemies and the surrounding water .Amsterdam grew rich quickly after the discovery of a method of curing herring in 1385 , which preserved the fish longer , enabling it to be exported. The town became a port for handling beer from Hamburg. Elaborate waterside houses with warehouses attached were used to service the trade . The Low Countries were under the rules of the Dukes of Burgundy , and control passed by marriage to the Austrian Habsburgs.

-The Age of IntoleranceBy 1550, Amsterdam had outpaced rivals to become the main power in the province of Holland . Trade in the Baltic provided wealth and the city grew rapidly . Spain’s Habsburgs rulers tried to halt the Protestant Reformation sweeping northern Europe . Dutch resistance to Philip II of Spain resulted in 8 years of civil war and religious strife .Amsterdam sided with Spain but switched loyalties in 1578 – an event known as the Alteration – to become the fiercely Protestant capital of an infant Dutch Republic.

-The Golden Age of AmsterdamThe 17th century was truly a Golden Age for Amsterdam . The population soared ;three great canals ,bordered by splendid houses , were built in a triple ring round the city ; and scores of painters and architects were at work .Fortunes were made and lost , and this early capitalism produced paupers who were cared for by charitable institutions – a radical idea for the time. In 1648 , an uneasy peace was formalized with Catholic Spain , causing tension between Amsterdam’s Calvinist burgomasters and the less religious Houses of Orange , dominant elsewhere in the country.

-The Golden Age OverseasSupremacy in the Netherlands led to success overseas for Amsterdam . The Dutch colonized the Indonesian Archipelago ,establishing a profitable empire

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based on spice trading in the East . The Dutch East India Company (VOC) thrived , using vast wooden ships called East Indiamen . In the New world ,the Dutch ruled large parts of Brazil and bought Manhattan from its native owners , naming it New Amsterdam . However , war with England radically trimmed Dutch sea-power by the end of 17th century.

-The Age of ConsolidationThough the Dutch Empire declined , the Netherlands remained wealthy . Amsterdam’s ships became commercial cargo carries and by the mid-18th century , the city was the world’s financial capital . Tolerance prevailed and the city was flooded with immigrants , including Jews from all across Europe .Dissatisfaction with the ruling Houses of Orange intensified ;although Prussian troops crushed a Patriot uprising in 1787 , the Patriots established a short-lived republic , with French backing , only to see Napoleon take over , making his brother Louis king of the Netherlands.

-The Age of IndustrializationBy the end of Louis Napoleon’s rule .Amsterdam had stagnated . The decline continued, with little sign of enterprise and scant investment .Industrialization came late and attempts to review the city’s fortunes by digging a canal to the North Sea were less than effective .Politically , the country regrouped round the Houses of Orange , bringing the family back from exile and declaring a monarchy in 1813. The mid-century saw growth of the liberal constitution ; by 1900 the Socialist tradition was well established.

-Amsterdam at WarThe Netherlands remained neutral in World War 1. After the war ,political unrest was rife and the city council embarked on a program me of new housing projects and, in the 1930s ,the Amsterdam Bos was created to counter unemployment . When World War 2 broke out. The Netherlands again opted for neutrality – only to be invaded by Germany . The early 1940s were bitter years , and many died of starvation in the winter of ’44-5 .During this time , most of the Jewish population was deported ; many , like Anne Frank ‘tried to avoid detection by going into hiding.

-Amsterdam TodayAfter World War 2, Amsterdam suffered a series of social problems; its tolerance made it a haven for the 1960s hippy culture ,it became a centre of drug use and trafficking , and the left-wing Provos challenged social order . In the 1970s ,riots over squatting and urban redevelopment led to measures that alleviated the social issues .Now Amsterdam is again a tranquil city for all to visit .Programmes of urban expansion and sympathetic architectural developments have made the city an exciting hub of modernity.AMSTERDAM play an important part in effecting the transition to sustainability. They cover just 2% of the earth’s surface, but cities are already home to more than 50% of the world’s population and they account for 80% of the greenhouse gases produced. This also means that cities will have to make the difference. The

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city has the people, the expertise, the creativity, and the wherewithal – economically and otherwise – to take the step on the path towards sustainability.The 4 points that makes Amsterdam a sustainable city:

Climate and energy : through energy savings, locally produced sustainable energy and efficient use of fossils we reduce the CO2 emission within the city.

Mobility and air quality : Amsterdam will be a reachable city under the condition that our transport system will be sustainable.

Sustainable innovative economy : (inter)national companies choose our city because doing sustainable business in Amsterdam is worthwhile.

Materials and consumers : Amsterdam is a livable city where citizens and companies are using raw materials in an effective way, living in a sustainable way and where the municipal organization gives the right example.

Amsterdam residents enjoy a good quality of life. The City of Amsterdam places a lot of focus on living healthy, including promoting sporting activities and cycling, investing in sustainable initiatives like Green Roofs and recharging stations for electric automobiles.The City of Amsterdam strongly believes that it’s primarily the responsibility of the city itself to develop and implement specific urban solutions in order to realize this transition towards sustainability. And especially because urban areas – like the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area, are uniquely positioned to lead the greening of the global economy through improvements in transport, energy, buildings, technology, water and waste systems, as well as producing a wide range of economic and social benefits. So it’s the responsibility of the city to develop urban solutions.Amsterdam urban solutions :

Urban planning Energy, Waste, Water Sustainable mobility Amsterdam sustainability index: insight into performance Sustainable finance and public private partnerships

-Energetic Urban planning

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The City of Amsterdam has ambitious goals as to become climate neutral. This will only be possible through a structured approach to both new and existing neighbourhoods. Following steps from the New Stepped Strategy and using the methodology of Energy Potential Mapping (EPM), the Amsterdam Guide to Energetic Urban Planning (in Dutch: Leidraad Energetische Stedenbouw, LES) must become the manual that will support urban area (re)development towards energy neutrality. The Guide clarifies local Amsterdam energy potentials, both natural and anthropogenic, and gives an extensive overview of measures and data to be used for the sustainable provision of electricity, heat and cold. This is presented in a very tangible manner, practical to urban planners, architects, housing corporations, developers, public institutions and politician. The Amsterdam Guide has been tested on two sites, one to be newly constructed and another to be redeveloped, and the incremental approach proved worthwhile, enabling energy neutrality in both cases. The Guide has incited discussions on both short-term actions and long-term visions needed to facilitate real climate neutrality in the city of Amsterdam. Recently, the European Commission has approved a project in which partners from 6 European cities work actually on implementing the new filosophy from LES.

-Energy strategyThe City Council’s objective is to reduce CO2 emissions by 40% by 2025, compared to the 1990 baseline. Amsterdam works according to the principle of the Trias Energetica,2 an approach that leads to optimum reductions in CO₂ emissions. Three tracks are being pursued simultaneously in order to establish a sustainable energy supply: energy savings, sustainable energy production and more efficient use of energy from fossil fuel. Examples are wind energy , solar energy .

-Sustainable mobility

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(Bicycle City)Bikes are seen as the poor man's vehicle in many countries. However, this is not the case in the Netherlands and in particular, in Amsterdam. The bicycle is simply the fastest, most flexible and fun way to get around. It is embedded in our culture. Inhabitants of Amsterdam together cycle 2 million km daily. 73% of all inhabitants owns a bicycle. The share of bicycle in the choice of transport in Amsterdam is 39%; public transport 24% and car 37%. There is 513 km of separated bicycle lanes in Amsterdam.

-Green building(Green Wall and Green Roof)

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5. Investigation & Data Collection:The future of towns and Better Towns

Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

No cars, no waste, no pollution. Doable? Such a city is slated to rise from the oil-rich grounds in Abu Dhabi. Masdar, which means "the source" in Arabic, is a $22-billion undertaking that could be the world's first carbon-neutral city [source: Masdar].Masdar's sustainable urban development will take advantage of wind, hydrogen and solar-photovoltaic energy sources. Wastewater will be treated and recycled into irrigation systems.In addition, Masdar's transportation goals are ambitious. Fossil-fuel burning cars are banned from the city in lieu of an electric personal light-rail system -- small, programmable cars that run only when you need to go somewhere, and a pedestrian-friendly city layout.Masdar is already under construction and will develop over several phases, with completion expected in 2016 [source Inhabitat]. Up to 50,000 people are expected to live in Masdar, and the first residents will likely move in sometime during 2009 [CNET].The time of the carbon-neutral city is upon us. And if these projects make the jump from paper to reality successfully, they might even earn a spot on our list of existing amazing green cities.

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6. The New X Town→ EMPIRE

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Malaysia is getting crowded by the day due to the sudden wave of immigrants into the country for job opportunities. As a result, the original Malaysians are losing their stand in the working field causing a quite imbalance in the Malaysian society.

Thus, as a mayor I plan to build a new town for a more sustainable future for the left outs. This new town will have a river flowing through as rivers are the beginning of all early human civilization.

This town will put its focus on the economy field. Strategies on developing the industrial, agriculture and business fields will be looked up widely while planning the town.

Additionally, green spaces will be located in the new town to give it a green look and to make it environmentally sustainable. Different strategies will also be implemented in the new town such as bicycle tracks, green walls and green roofs.

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TRANSPORTATION

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-LRT Near with RESIDENTIAL AREA,RECREATIONAL AREA & THE HEART OF THE TOWN.

-MONORAIL In THE HEART OF THE TOWN.

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-TRAIN Train for the long distance journey and transport service.

-BIKES A bicycle-friendly town. No any cars.

-Segway The Segway PT is a two-wheeled, self-balancing, battery-powered electric vehicle.

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-Airport

Sustainable Approaches

-Waste Management

-Self-Sufficiency

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-Renewable Energy

-Green Wall

-Green Roof

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EMPIRE also will Provide:

-Central Business District(CBD)The term "central business district" refers to the central district of a city, usually typified by a concentration of retail and office buildings.

-Agriculture & Industry ManufactureGood development of Agriculture and Industry Manufacture will increase income of the town.

-Port IndustryWith the rapid development of commerce globalization, transportation is becoming more and more important . A good waterway transport will be

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provided in the Empire Town to earn money. So,this will be the main source of economic for the EMPIRE town.

EMPIRE will provided a safe, sustainable , and eco-friendly environment for residents to live long life.

7. Conclusion

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This project is a good experience for me to experience the scope of work as an urban planner and how town planning works and sustainability of a town can create a better living for the years to come. Besides , I also understand how to communicate ideas through observation and using different media , tools ,techniques to present information of the study of natural and built environment.

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8. Reference Links

1. http://www.buildinghistory.org2. http://www.iamsterdam.com3. http://www.naturallifenetwork.com4. http://science.howstuffworks.com5.http://www.wikipedia.org6. file:///C:/Users/Asus/Downloads/How_to_make_a_city_great_v2%20(1).pdf7. http://www.fastcoexist.com8. Walsh, Bryan (25 January 2011). "Masdar City: The World's Greenest City?". Time. Retrieved 8 September 20139.http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victoria.ca%2Fcityhall%2Fcurrentprojects_dockside.shtml&h=xAQG3dePu10.11.12.

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