End of WWI
I. Influenza
A. Flu epidemic around the world in 1918 – 1919
B. 22 million died – twice the number killed in WWI
– Russia – 450,000
– U.S. – 550,000
– India – 6,000,000
• Known as the Spanish
Flu
• Many died within 24 hours
II. Changes in literature
A. response to horrors of WWI, artists and
authors questioned way life was
1. people felt uncertain about life and said life
was meaningless
2. used surrealism – show life less realistically
B. Pablo Picasso used “cubism”
(using shapes) in his paintings
C. Ernest Hemingway wrote
books about the horrors of
war
D. Gertrude Stein was a painter
and author that also questioned the meaning
of life
III. Treaty of Versailles signed on June 20th, 1919
A. concluded war – cease fire on November 11, 1918
B. Treaty ended WWI and redraws the map of Europe
1. Ottoman Empire is broken up in to current
countries in the Middle East
a. countries become “mandates” of British and the
French
C. limits German armaments – amount of
weapons Germany can have
1. no planes, 6 naval war ships, 100,000
soldiers, and no conscription
D. German War Guilt Clause – accepts blame
for causing WWI
TREATY OF VERSAILLES SIGNED JUNE 28, 1919
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
REDRAWS THE MAP OF EUROPE
1914 1919
TREATY OF VERSAILLES SETS
GERMAN ARMAMENT LIMITATIONS
TYPE AMOUNT ALLOWED
PLANES 0
WARSHIPS 6
SOLDIERS 100,000
CONSCRIPTION BANNED
GERMAN WAR GUILT
CLAUSE
The Allied and Associated Governments confirm and
Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to
which the Allied and Associated Governments and their national have
been subjected as a consequence of the war
imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and
her allies.
THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE WAS
BROKEN APART AND
SEVERAL NEW INDEPENDENT
COUNTRIES EMERGED:
SYRIA, JORDAN,
SAUDI ARABIA AND IRAQ
THE BLACK AREAS WERE CONTROLLED BY GERMANY PRIOR
TO WWI, THE TREATY MADE THEM
MANDATES OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS.
ONLY FOUR COUNTRIES WERE
INDEPENDENT: ETHIOPIA, LIBERIA,
EGYPT, AND MOROCCO.
ALL OTHER TERRITORY WAS
DIVIDED BETWEEN BRITAIN, FRANCE, SPAIN, PORTUGAL,
BELGIUM, AND ITALY
IV. League of Nations
A. Group set up to prevent future wars
B. Weak because the U.S. didn’t join and it didn’t use force
– stay out of Europe’s problems