Endocrine and Reproductive

SystemsChapter 18

Indiana State Health Standards

10.1.2 Analyze how behavior can impact health maintenance and disease prevention

10.4.1 Analyze the influences of family, peers, and community have on the health and health behavior of individuals.

10.4.3 Research and evaluate the effect of media and other factors on personal, family, and community health and health behaviors.

The Endocrine SystemA system of glands that secrete messages we call hormones. These signals are passed through the blood to arrive at a target organ, which posses cells of the appropriate receptor.

Structure of the Endocrine SystemEndocrine Glands are ductless-or tubeless- organs or groups of cells

that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.Hormones are chemical substances that are produced in glands and

help regulate many of your bodies functions.The Thyroid Gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism,

body heat, and bone growth.Parathyroid Gland produce a hormone that regulates body calcium

and phosphorus balance.The Pancreas is a gland that serves both digestive and endocrine

systems.Pituitary Gland regulates and controls the activities of all the other

endocrine glands.The Gonads is another name for the ovaries and testes.

The Adrenal Glands are glands that help the body recover from stress and respond to emergencies.

The Adrenal Cortex secretes a hormone that inhibits the amount of sodium excreted in urine and maintains blood pressure and blood

volume.Adrenal Medulla secretes the hormone called epinephrine, also called

adrenaline, and nor epinephrine.

Problems of the

Endocrine System

Diabetes Mellitus is a disorder where the pancreas produces to little or no insulin resulting in high glucose levels.

Graves’ Disease also called hyperthyroidism, is a disorder in which and overactive and enlarged thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of

thyroxin.

Cushing’s Disease from the overproduction of adrenal hormones symptoms include round face and humped upper back.

A Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid is a result gland, and is mainly caused by a lack of iodine in the diet.

Growth Disorders are caused by abnormal amounts of growth hormone. A child with a growth disorder can reach a normal height.

Interactive Study Guide Drag and Drop

The Male Reproductive SystemReproduction is an essential thing in all living things, and the process in which life continues from one generation to

another. The system of organs involved in producing offspring is the

reproduction system.

Structure and Function of the Male Reproductive System

Reproductive system is the system of organs involved in producing offspring.

Sperm is the male reproductive cells.The male sex hormone is Testosterone.

Two small glands that produce sperm are called the Testes. The testes are located in an external skin sac called the

Scrotum.The Penis is the tube-shaped organ that extends from the trunk

of the body just above the testes. The thick fluid that contains sperm and other secretions from

the male reproductive system is called Semen.

Internal Male Reproductive Organs

Seminal Vesicle produces a nourishing fluid that combines with the sperm as they

move through the vas deferens. Urethra is the passageway through which

both semen and urine leave the male body.

Vas Deferens are the tubes that extend from each epididymis to the urethra.

Prostate Glands and Cowper’s Glands are glands that produce secretions that

combine with the sperm-containing fluid to produce semen.

Epidermis is a larger coiled tube that sperm mature and are stored in.

Testis, each testis is is divided in which sperm are formed.

Care of the Male Reproductive System

Regular checkups should occur every 12-18 months and should be performed by a physician.

Regular bathing or showering should happen daily for thorough cleansing of the penis and scrotum. Uncircumcised males should be sure to clean, take care, and

wash under the foreskin.

Wearing protective equipment like a cup or supporter during physical activities should shield external organs.

STD’s

Chlamydia and Gonorrhea are bacterial infections that cause discharge from the penis and burning upon urination.

Syphilis is another bacterial infection, is initially painless, reddish sore that appears at the site of the infection.

Genital Herpes is a virus that causes periodically occurring blister like sores in the genital area.

Problems of the Male Reproductive System

An Inguinal Hernia is a separation of tissue that allows part of the intestine to push into the abdominal wall near the top of the scrotum.

Sterility is the inability to reproduce. In males it can result from too few sperm, fewer than 20 million per milliliter of seminal fluid, or sperm of poor

quality

Testicular Cancer can affect males of any age, but occurs more often in males between the ages of 14 and 40.

When the prostate gland can become enlarged as a result of an infection, a tumor, and age-related problems are know as problems of the Prostate

Gland.

Interactive Study Guide Drag and Drop

The Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system has several functions. It produces female sex

hormones and stores female reproductive cells, called ova.

(singular ovum)

Structure and Function of the Female Reproductive System

The Ovaries are the female sex glands that

store the ova and produce female sex

hormones.

Ovulation is the process of releasing a mature ovum into the

fallopian tube each month.

Female Reproductive Organs

The Fallopian Tubes are a pair of tubes with fingerlike projections that

draw in the ovum.The Vagina is a muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body.

Menstruation

The Cervix is the opening to the uterus.

The shedding of the uterine lining is called Menstruation.

Care of the Female Reproductive System

Regular bathing is especially important during the menstrual period.

Practicing abstinence from sexual activity Is the only 100% effective method in preventing pregnancy and

STDs.

Breast self-exam is important to help detect breast cancer early. The best time to do this is right after the

menstrual period.

Problems of the Female Reproductive System

Menstrual cramps sometimes occur at the beginning of a menstrual period.

Premenstrual syndrome is a disorder caused by hormonal changes.

Toxic shock syndrome is a rare but serious bacterial infection that affects the immune

system, and the liver can be fatal.

Problems Related to Infertility

Endometriosis is a painful chronic disease that occurs when tissue that lines the uterus migrates and grows in the ovaries, fallopian

tubes, uterus, or pelvic cavity.Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an

infection of the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and surrounding areas of the pelvis.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)are the most common causes of infertility and other

disorders of the reproductive system.

Other Female Reproductive Disorders

Vaginitis is caused by bacterial vaginosis and is the most common vaginal infection in women of childbearing age,

and is often accompanied by discharge, odor,pain, itching, or burning.

Blocked fallopian tubes is the leading cause of infertility, and may result from PID, abdominal surgery, STDs or

Endometriosis.

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs on the ovary.

Cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancer occur in the female reproductive system.

Interactive Study Guide

Bibliography

www.google.com

www.Health.Glencoe.com