Endocrine & Lymphatic Systems

LAB 6

Major EndocrineGlands

Endocrine Glands Within the Brain

Pineal Gland

Hypothalamus

Pituitary Stalk

Pituitary Gland -Anterior -Posterior

3. Sphenoid Bone • Sella Turcica (Turkish Saddle) = Houses Pituitary gland

Pituitary gland HormonesAnterior• Growth Hormone (GH)

• Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

• Luteinizing hormone (LH)

• Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

• Prolactin (PRL)

Posterior• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)• Oxytocin (OT)

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

1.GH – stimulates cell growth & division

2.TSH – Stimulates thyroid gland

3.ACTH – Stimulates adrenal cortex

4.FSH/LH- Stimulates ovaries & testes

5.PRL – stimulates lactation in mammary glands

Posterior Pituitary Hormones

1.ADH – Promotes water reabsorption by kidneys

2.Oxytocin- Stimulates uterine contractions

Pineal gland

• Secretes hormone melatonin– Regulates circadian rhythm (sleep/wake cycle)

Thyroid Gland

Larynx Models

Larynx ModelPosterior View

Parathyroid Glands

1. T3 & T4 = increases metabolism

2. Calcitonin = promotes bone deposition• Removes Calcium from blood

Thyroid Gland Hormones:

Parathyroid Gland Hormones:

1. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) = Promotes bone resorption• Increases blood

AdrenalGlands KidneyKidney

Ovaries

Adrenal Gland

medulla

Cortex

Adrenal Medulla Epinephrine (adrenaline) & Norepinephrine

•“Fight or Flight” hormones• Stress Response

Adrenal Cortex (Steroid Hormones) Aldosterone: Increases sodium reabsorption by kidneys

Cortisol: Gluconeogenesis• Glucose synthesis from noncarbohydrates

Sex Hormones: supplement gonads

Kidneys Erythropoietin• Stimulates RBC production

Pancreas

Pancreatic islets(Isets of Langerhans)

Alpha Cells

Beta Cells

Glucagon

Insulin

Delta Cells Somatostatin

Pancreas hormones

• Glucagon: Raises blood glucose– Gluconeogenesis– Glycogenolysis

• breakdown of glycogen into glucose

• Insulin: Lowers blood glucose– Promotes cellular uptake of glucose

Thymus

Secretes Thymosin: Promotes T-cell maturation

• Ovaries – secretes estrogen/progesterone

• Testes – secretes testosterone

Estrogen, Progesterone, and Testosterone = steroid hormones

Thoracic Duct

Left Subclavian vein

Right Lymphatic DuctRight Subclavian Vein

Cervical Lymph nodes

Axillary Lymph nodes

Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Abdominal (Mesenteric) Lymph Nodes

Supratrochlear Lymph Nodes

Thoracic Lymph Nodes

Tonsils

Appendix

• Thought to serve as a lymphatic organ

Thymus gland & Spleen

Thymus gland – Development of T lymphocytes

Spleen – removes viruses, bacteria, and old RBC from circulation

Lymph Node Slide

medulla

Nodule

Cortex

• Cortex = Nodules of B-Cell lymphocytes• Medulla = T-Cell Lymphocytes & Macrophages

Spleen

Red Pulp – Composed of red blood cellsWhite Pulp – Composed of white blood cells

White Pulp

Red Pulp