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7/25/2019 Endocrine System Drugs ATI
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Endocrine System Drugs
<question question="What is the brand/trade name of the alpha-
glucosidase inhibitor drug whose generic name is acarbose?"
answer="Precose"/>
<question question="What is the brand/trade name of the amylin mimeticdrug whose generic name is pramlintide?" answer="ymlin"/>
<question question="What are the brand/trade names of the antidiuretic
hormone drug whose generic name is desmopressin? " answer="!!#P$ timate$
%inirin"/>
<question question="What is the brand/trade name of the antithyroid drug
whose generic name is propylthiouracil &P'()?" answer="Propyl-'hyracil"/>
<question question="What is the brand/trade name of the antithyroid
drug/radioacti*e iodine drug whose generic name is iodine-+,+ ?"
answer="odotope"/>
<question question="What is the brand/trade name of the biguanide drug
whose generic name is metformin? " answer=".lucophage"/>
<question question="What is the brand/trade name of the gliptin drug
whose generic name is sitagliptin? " answer="anu*ia"/>
<question question="What are the brand/trade names of the glucocorticoid
drug whose generic name is hydrocortisone?" answer="0ydrocortone$ olu-
1ortef"/>
<question question="What are the brand/trade names of the growth hormone
drug whose generic name is somatropin?" answer=".enotropin$ 2utropin$
0umatrope$ erostim"/>
<question question="What is the brand/trade name of the hyperglycemic
agent drug whose generic name is glucagon?" answer=".luca.en"/>
<question question="What is the brand/trade name of the incretin mimetic
drug whose generic name is e3enatide? " answer="4yetta"/>
<question question="What is the brand/trade name of the meglitinide drug
whose generic name is repaglinide? " answer="Prandin"/>
<question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
mineralocorticoid drug whose generic name is fludrocortisone? "
answer="5lorinef cetate"/>
<question question="What is the brand/trade name of the sulfonylurea
drug whose generic name is glipi6ide?" answer=" .lucotrol"/>
<question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
thia6olidinedione drug whose generic name is rosiglita6one?"answer="*andia"/>
<question question="What is the brand/trade name of the thyroid
replacement drug whose generic name is le*othyro3ine?" answer="ynthroid"/>
<question question="What is the brand/trade name of the rapid-acting
insulin drug whose generic name is 7ispro?" answer="0umalog"/>
<question question="What is the brand/trade name of the short-acting
insulin drug whose generic name is 8egular?" answer="0umulin 8"/>
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<question question="What is the brand/trade name of the intermediate-
acting insulin drug whose generic name is 2P0?" answer="0umulin 2"/>
<question question="What is the brand/trade name of the long-acting
insulin drug whose generic name is insulin glargine?" answer="7antus"/>
</chapter>
<chapter 1hapter2ame=".eneric !rugs"><question question="What is the generic name of the
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor drug whose brand/trade name is Precose?" answer="
acarbose"/>
<question question="What is the generic name of the
amylin mimetic drug whose brand/trade name is ymlin?" answer="pramlintide "/>
<question question="What is the generic name of the
antidiuretic hormone drug whose brand/trade names are !!#P$ timate$
%inirin?" answer="desmopressin "/>
<question question="What is the generic name of the
antithyroid drug whose brand/trade name is Propyl-'hyracil?"
answer="propylthiouracil &P'()"/>
<question question="What is the generic name of the
antithyroid drug/radioacti*e iodine drug whose brand/trade name is odotope?"
answer="iodine-+,+ "/>
<question question="What is the generic name of the
biguanide drug whose brand/trade name is .lucophage?" answer="metformin "/>
<question question="What is the generic name of the
gliptin drug whose brand/trade name is anu*ia?" answer="sitagliptin"/>
<question question="What is the generic name of the
glucocorticoid drug whose brand/trade names are 0ydrocortone and olu-1ortef?"
answer="hydrocortisone "/>
<question question="What is the generic name of the
growth hormone drug whose brand/trade names are .enotropin$ 2utropin$
0umatrope$ and erostim?" answer="somatropin"/>
<question question="What is the generic name of the
hyperglycemic agent whose brand/trade name is .luca.en?" answer="glucagon"/>
<question question="What is the generic name of the
incretin mimetic drug whose brand/trade name is 4yetta?" answer="e3enatide "/>
<question question="What is the generic name of the
meglitinide drug whose brand/trade name is Prandin?" answer="repaglinide"/>
<question question="What is the generic name of the
mineralocorticoid drug whose brand/trade name is 5lorinef cetate?"answer="fludrocortisone "/>
<question question="What is the generic name of the
sulfonylurea drug whose brand/trade name is .lucotrol?" answer="glipi6ide "/>
<question question="What is the generic name of the
thia6olidinedione drug whose brand/trade name is *andia?"
answer="rosiglita6one"/>
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<question question="What is the generic name of the
thyroid replacement drug whose brand/trade name is ynthroid?"
answer="le*othyro3ine "/>
<question question="What is the generic name of the
rapid-acting insulin drug whose brand/trade name is 0umalog? "
answer="7ispro"/><question question="What is the generic name of the
short-acting insulin drug whose brand/trade name is 0umulin 8? "
answer="8egular"/>
<question question="What is the generic name of the
intermediate-acting insulin drug whose brand/trade name is 0umulin 2?"
answer="2P0 insulin"/>
<question question="What is the generic name of the
long-acting insulin drug whose brand/trade name is 7antus? " answer="insulin
glargine"/>
</chapter>
<chapter 1hapter2ame="'herapeutic (ses">
<question question="What is the therapeutic use for the
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor drug acarbose &Precose)?" answer="'ype 9 diabetes
mellitus$ with or without drug therapy with insulin$ a sulfonylurea$ or
metformin &.lucophage)"/>
<question question="What is the therapeutic use for the
amylin mimetic drug pramlintide &ymlin)?" answer="'ypes + and 9 diabetes
mellitus &as an insulin or hypoglycemic drug supplement)"/>
<question question="What is the therapeutic use for the
antidiuretic hormone desmopressin &!!#P$ timate$ %inirin)?" answer="!iabetes
insipidus
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some of the therapeutic
uses for the antithyroid drug propylthiouracil :P'(; &Propyl-'hyracil)?"
answer="<ul><li> 0yperthyroidism &.ra*es disease)
</li><li>'hyroto3ic crisis
</li><li>uppression of thyroid hormone production in preparation for
thyroidectomy
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some of the therapeutic
uses for the antithyroid drug/radioacti*e iodine drug iodine-+,+ &odotope)?"answer="<ul><li> 0yperthyroidism &.ra*es disease)
</li><li>'hyroid cancer
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What is the therapeutic use for the
biguanide drug metformin &.lucophage)?" answer="'ype 9 diabetes mellitus"/>
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<question question="What is the therapeutic use for the
gliptin drug sitagliptin &anu*ia)?" answer="'reats type 9 diabetes alone or
in combination with other drugs for diabetes"/>
<question question="What is the therapeutic use for the
glucocorticoid drug hydrocortisone &0ydrocortone$ olu-1ortef)?"
answer="8eplacement therapy for acute and chronic adrenocortical insufficiency&ddisons disease)
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some of the therapeutic
uses for the growth hormone somatropin &.enotropin$ 2utropin$ 0umatrope$
erostim)?" answer="<ul><li> .rowth hormone deficiencies$ such as 'urners
syndrome
</li><li>.rowth hormone deficiency in adults to increase lean muscle mass
</li><li>! wasting syndrome
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What is the therapeutic use for the
hyperglycemic agent glucagon &.luca.en)?" answer="0ypoglycemia from an insulin
o*erdose"/>
<question question="What is the therapeutic use for the
incretin mimetic drug e3enatide &4yetta)?" answer="'ype 9 diabetes mellitus$
as a supplement to sulfonylureas or metformin &.lucophage)"/>
<question question="What is the therapeutic use for the
insulin drugs 7ispro &0umalog)$ 8egular &0umulin 8)$ 2P0 insulin &0umulin 2)$
insulin glargine &7antus)?" answer="!iabetes mellitus &type +$ type 9$
gestational)"/>
<question question="What is the therapeutic use for the
meglitinide drug repaglinide &Prandin)?" answer="'ype 9 diabetes mellitus"/>
<question question="What is the therapeutic use for the
mineralocorticoid drug fludrocortisone &5lorinef cetate)?"
answer="8eplacement therapy for acute and chronic adrenocortical insufficiency
&ddisons disease$ primary hypoaldosteronism$ congenital adrenal hyperplasia)
usually along with hydrocortisone"/>
<question question="What is the therapeutic use for the
sulfonylurea drug glipi6ide &.lucotrol)?" answer="'ype 9 diabetes mellitus"/>
<question question="What is the therapeutic use for the
thia6olidinedione drug rosiglita6one &*andia)?" answer="'ype 9 diabetes
mellitus$ with or without drug therapy with insulin or metformin&.lucophage)"/>
<question question="What is the therapeutic use for the
thyroid replacement drug le*othyro3ine &ynthroid)?" answer="0ypothyroidism"/>
</chapter>
<chapter 1hapter2ame="dministration 1onsiderations">
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<question question="0ow should the alpha-glucosidase
inhibitor acarbose &Precose) be gi*en?" answer="<ul><li> .i*e with the first
bite of food$ three times a day
</li><li>'ell patients who sip a meal to also sip the dose they usually tae
with that meal and to tae only one dose at the ne3t meal
</li></ul>"/><question question="0ow should the amylin mimetic drug
pramlintide &ymlin) be gi*en?" answer="<ul><li> !o not mi3 with insulin in
the same syringe
</li><li>.i*e subcutaneously in the thigh or abdomen prior to meals that
contain at least , g of carbohydrates
</li><li>8otate in@ection sites
</li><li>A3pect the pea action 9 min after dosing
</li><li>8efrigerate unopened *ials until their e3piration date
</li><li>Beep *ials in use at room temperature for 9C days
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="0ow should the antidiuretic hormone
drug desmopressin &!!#P$ timate$ %inirin) be gi*en?" answer="<ul><li>
dminister orally$ intranasally$ subcutaneously$ or #
</li><li>pray the nasal form high into the nasal ca*ity but not into the
throat
</li><li>%onitor blood pressure$ intae and output$ urine and plasma
osmolality$ and creatinine clearance
</li><li>A3pect lifelong therapy
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="0ow should the antithyroid drug
propylthiouracil :P'(; &Propyl-'hyracil) be gi*en?" answer="<ul><li> .i*e
orally at regular inter*als$ such as e*ery C hr
</li><li>%easure baseline *ital signs and weight$ and monitor periodically
thereafter
</li><li>%onitor triiodothyronine and thyro3ine le*els
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="0ow should the antithyroid
drug/radioacti*e iodine drug iodine-+,+ &odotope) be gi*en?" answer="<ul><li>
.i*e orally once$ although some patients require subsequent dosing
</li><li>Dbtain a negati*e pregnancy test before administration
</li><li>%easure baseline *ital signs and weight$ and monitor periodically
thereafter</li><li>nitiate radiation precautions for large doses &limited contact$
increased fluids$ body waste disposal per facility protocol)
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="0ow should the biguanide drug
metformin &.lucophage) be gi*en?" answer="<ul><li> .i*e orally twice a day
with the morning and e*ening meals &immediate-release) or once a day with the
e*ening meal &e3tended-release)
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</li><li>%ae sure patients swallow the e3tended-release form whole and do not
crush or chew it
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="0ow should the gliptin drug
sitagliptin &anu*ia) be gi*en?" answer="<ul><li> dminister orally alone oras metformin/sitagliptin &anumet)
</li><li>.i*e with or without food
</li><li>.i*e a reduced dosage to patients who ha*e se*ere renal impairment
and low creatinine clearance
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="0ow should the glucocorticoid drug
hydrocortisone &0ydrocortone$ olu-1ortef) be gi*en?" answer="<ul><li> .i*e
orally for chronic adrenal insufficiency$ as a total daily dose at bedtime or
in di*ided doses &two thirds in the morning and one third in the early
afternoon)
</li><li>.i*e # for acute and emergency situations
</li><li>Dbtain 141$ electrolyte$ glucose$ and glucocorticoid le*els at
baseline and periodically thereafter
</li><li>%ae sure patients wear a medical alert band and carry an emergency
supply of glucocorticoids
</li><li>'aper the dose slowly to establish the lowest possible oral dose
</li><li>.i*e supplemental doses as needed in times of stress
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="0ow should the growth hormone
somatropin &.enotropin$ 2utropin$ 0umatrope$ erostim) be gi*en?"
answer="<ul><li> .i*e % or subcutaneously &preferable)
</li><li>!osage is based on weight
</li><li>.i*e daily or se*eral times a wee
</li><li>Dbtain baseline height$ weight$ thyroid function$ and growth hormone
le*els and monitor monthlyE obtain yearly 3-rays of long bones
</li><li>When reconstituting the drug$ rotate the *ial gentlyE do not shae
it
</li><li>n@ect subcutaneously into the abdomen and thighs$ and rotate sites
</li><li>!iscontinue treatment prior to epiphyseal closure in children
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="0ow should the hyperglycemic agent
glucagon &.luca.en) be gi*en?" answer="<ul><li> .i*e #$ %$ orsubcutaneously
</li><li>A3pect unconscious patients to regain consciousness about 9 min
after # administration
</li><li>Pro*ide food after patients regain consciousness and can swallow
</li><li>4e aware that$ for se*ere hypoglycemia$ # glucose is the treatment
of choice because it acts faster than glucagon does
</li></ul>"/>
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<question question="0ow should the incretin mimetic
drug e3enatide &4yetta) be gi*en?" answer="<ul><li> .i*e subcutaneously into
the thigh$ abdomen$ or upper arm up to F min prior to the morning and e*ening
meals$ not after meals
</li><li>8otate in@ection sites
</li><li>A3pect the pea action 9 hr after dosing</li><li>'he in@ection pen is a*ailable in G mcg and + mcg doses
</li><li>5ollow manufacturers instructions for "2ew Pen etup"
</li><li>(se needle si6e prescribed by pro*ider
</li><li>(se new needle each time in@ection pen is used
</li><li>Beep pens in use at room temperature up to , days
</li><li>!o not store pens with needle attached
</li><li>8efrigerate unused in@ector pens until their e3piration date
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="0ow should the insulin drugs$
7ispro &0umalog)$ 8egular &0umulin 8)$ 2P0 insulin &0umulin 2)$ insulin
glargine &7antus) be gi*en?" answer="<ul><li> .i*e subcutaneously &using an
insulin syringe) or # &2P0 subcutaneously only)
</li><li>elect an appropriate needle length for in@ecting insulin into
subcutaneous tissue *ersus intradermal &too short) or intramuscular &too
long)
</li><li>5or insulin suspensions$ gently rotate the *ial between your palms to
disperse the particles
</li><li>When mi3ing short-acting insulin with longer-acting insulin$ draw the
short-acting insulin into the syringe first$ then the longer-acting insulin
</li><li>!o not mi3 insulin glargine or insulin detemir with any other
insulin
</li><li>!o not administer short-acting insulins if they appear cloudy or
discolored
</li><li>nstruct patients to self-administer insulin subcutaneously in one
general area for consistent absorption rates
</li><li>Beep *ials in use at room temperature for + month
</li><li>8efrigerate unopened *ials of a single type of insulin until their
e3piration date
</li><li>Beep insulins premi3ed in syringes for + to 9 wees under
refrigeration and *ertical$ with the needles pointing upward Prior to
administration$ resuspend the insulin *ia gentle motion
</li><li>A3pect dosage ad@ustments in response to caloric intae$ infection$e3ercise$ stress$ growth spurts$ and pregnancy
</li><li>%ae sure adequate glucose is a*ailable at onset and pea insulin
times
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="0ow should the meglitinide drug
repaglinide &Prandin) be gi*en?" answer="<ul><li> .i*e orally , min or less
before meals$ usually three times a day
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</li><li>'ell patients to sip a dose if they sip a meal and to add a dose if
they add a meal
</li><li>!o not e3ceed four doses per day
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="0ow should the mineralocorticoid
drug fludrocortisone &5lorinef cetate) be gi*en?" answer="<ul><li> .i*eorally daily or three times a wee
</li><li>Dbtain 141 and electrolyte le*els at baseline and periodically
thereafter
</li><li>%ae sure patients wear a medical alert band
</li><li>A3pect lifelong therapy
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="0ow should the sulfonylurea drug
glipi6ide &.lucotrol) be gi*en?" answer="<ul><li> .i*e orally and , min
before selected meals
</li><li>%ae sure patients swallow the sustained-release form whole and do
not crush or chew it
</li><li>%ae sure patients who are pregnant stop taing it at least HC hr
before deli*ery
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="0ow should the thia6olidinedione
drug rosiglita6one &*andia) be gi*en?" answer="<ul><li> .i*e orally once or
twice a day with or without food"/>
<question question="0ow should the thyroid replacement
drug le*othyro3ine &ynthroid) be gi*en?" answer="<ul><li> .i*e orally to
treat hypothyroidism and # to treat my3edema coma
</li><li>.i*e daily on an empty stomach &at least , min before breafast)
</li><li>%easure baseline *ital signs$ weight$ and height$ and monitor
periodically thereafter
</li><li>%onitor for cardiac e3citability &angina$ chest pain$ palpitations$
dysrhythmias)
</li><li>%onitor thyro3ine and thyroid-stimulating hormone le*els
</li><li>4e aware that the *arious formulations of thyro3ine are not
interchangeableE instruct patients to notify the pro*ider if a pharmacy
dispenses a different le*othyro3ine product
</li><li>A3pect lifelong replacement therapy
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What is the onset of action timefor rapid-acting insulins? " answer="7ess than +G min"/>
<question question="What is the onset of action time
for short-acting insulins? " answer=", to F min"/>
<question question="What is the onset of action time
for intermediate-acting insulins? " answer="+ to 9 hr"/>
<question question="What is the onset of action time
for long-acting insulins? " answer="+ hr"/>
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<question question="What is the pea action time for
rapid-acting insulins?" answer=", to F min"/>
<question question="What is the pea action time for
short-acting insulins?" answer="9 to , hr"/>
<question question="What is the pea action time for
intermediate-acting insulins?" answer="H to +9 hr"/><question question="What is the pea action time of the
drug classified as a long-acting inulin?" answer="'here is no pea timeE the
le*els are steady"/>
<question question="What is the duration of action time
for rapid-acting insulins?" answer=", to H hr"/>
<question question="What is the duration of action time
for short-acting insulins?" answer="G to I hr"/>
<question question="What is the duration of action time
for intermediate-acting insulins?" answer="+C to 9H hr"/>
<question question="What is the duration of action time
for long-acting insulins?" answer="9H hr"/>
</chapter>
<chapter 1hapter2ame="1ommon ide Affects">
<question question="What are some of the side and/or
ad*erse effects of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor drug acarbose &Precose)?"
answer="<ul><li> !istention$ flatus$ hyperacti*e bowel sounds$ diarrhea
</li><li>0ypoglycemia &combination therapy with insulin or a sulfonylurea)
</li><li>7i*er dysfunction
</li><li>nemia
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some of the side and/or
ad*erse effects of the amylin mimetic drug pramlintide &ymlin)?"
answer="<ul><li> 0ypoglycemia &se*ere) when combined with insulin
</li><li>2ausea
</li><li>n@ection site reactions
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What is a side and/or ad*erse
effect of the antidiuretic hormone desmopressin &!!#P$ timate$ %inirin)?"
answer="5luid retention &leading to water into3ication)$ hyponatremia
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some of the side and/orad*erse effects of the antithyroid drug propylthiouracil :P'(; &Propyl-
'hyracil)?" answer="<ul><li> 0ypothyroidism
</li><li>granulocytosis
</li><li>8ash
</li><li>rthralgia$ myalgia$ headache
</li></ul>"/>
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<question question="What are some of the side and/or
ad*erse effects of the antithyroid drug/radioacti*e iodine drug iodine-+,+
&odotope)?" answer="<ul><li> 0ypothyroidism &e3pected for most patients$ but
still requires drug therapy)
</li><li>4one marrow depression &rare)
</li><li>8adiation sicness &rare)</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some of the side and/or
ad*erse effects of the biguanide drug metformin &.lucophage)?"
answer="<ul><li> 7actic acidosis &rare$ but potentially fatal)
</li><li>2ausea$ diarrhea$ anore3ia
</li><li>#itamin deficiencies &*itamin 4+9$ folic acid)
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some of the side and/or
ad*erse effects of the gliptin drug sitagliptin &anu*ia)?" answer="<ul><li>
(pper respiratory tract infection and inflamed nasal passages
</li><li>0eadache
</li><li>Pancreatitis
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some of the side and/or
ad*erse effects of the glucocorticoid drug hydrocortisone &0ydrocortone$ olu-
1ortef)?" answer="<ul><li> 5ew at low$ therapeutic le*els
</li><li>%ultiple at high le*els needed to suppress inflammation and the
immune system
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some of the side and/or
ad*erse effects of the growth hormone somatropin &.enotropin$ 2utropin$
0umatrope$ erostim)?" answer="<ul><li> 0yperglycemia
</li><li>%yalgia
</li><li>0ypercalciuria
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some of the side and/or
ad*erse effects of the hyperglycemic agent glucagon &.luca.en)?"
answer="2ausea$ *omiting"/>
<question question="What are some of the side and/or
ad*erse effects of the incretin mimetic drug e3enatide &4yetta)?"
answer="<ul><li> 0ypoglycemia
</li><li>2ausea$ *omiting$ diarrhea</li><li>Pancreatitis
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some of the side and/or
ad*erse effects of the insulin drugs$ lispro &0umalog)$ regular &0umulin 8)$
2P0 &0umulin 2)$ insulin glargine &7antus)?" answer="<ul><li> 0ypoglycemia
</li><li>7ipohypertrophy
</li><li>0ypoalemia
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</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some of the side and/or
ad*erse effects of the meglitinide drug repaglinide &Prandin)?"
answer="<ul><li> 0ypoglycemia
</li><li>2ausea$ diarrhea
</li></ul>"/><question question="What are some of the side and/or
ad*erse effects of the mineralocorticoid drug fludrocortisone &5lorinef
cetate)?" answer="<ul><li> 5ew at low$ therapeutic le*els
</li><li>t le*els abo*e therapeutic$ fluid and electrolyte imbalances that
can lead to hypertension$ edema$ heart failure$ hypoalemia
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some of the side and/or
ad*erse effects of the sulfonylurea drug glipi6ide &.lucotrol)?"
answer="<ul><li> 0ypoglycemia
</li><li>2ausea$ diarrhea
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some of the side and/or
ad*erse effects of the thia6olidinedione drug rosiglita6one &*andia)?"
answer="<ul><li> 5luid retention
</li><li>0epatoto3icity
</li><li>erum lipid le*els
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some of the side and/or
ad*erse effects of the thyroid replacement drug le*othyro3ine &ynthroid)?"
answer="<ul><li> 0yperthyroidism &from e3cessi*e doses) - an3iety$
tachycardia$ palpitations$ tremors$ altered appetite$ abdominal cramping$
diarrhea$ heat intolerance$ fe*er$ diaphoresis$ weight loss$ menstrual
irregularities"/>
</chapter>
<chapter 1hapter2ame="2ursing nter*entions">
<question question="What inter*entions should the
health care professional use when caring for a patient who is taing the
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor drug acarbose &Precose)?" answer="<ul><li> %onitor
hyperacti*e bowel sounds$ distention$ and diarrhea
</li><li>8eport persistent gastric distress
</li><li>%onitor for signs of hypoglycemia &diaphoresis$ tachycardia$ fatigue$
e3cessi*e hunger$ tremors)</li><li>'reat hypoglycemia with H g of de3trose$ not glucose
</li><li>%easure li*er en6ymes at baseline$ e*ery , months for the first year$
and periodically thereafter
</li><li>top drug therapy for indications of li*er in@ury
</li><li>%onitor 141
</li><li>Watch for indications of anemia &pallor$ fatigue$ shortness of
breath)
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</li><li>8ecommend iron-rich foods and supplements accordingly
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What inter*entions should the
health care professional use when caring for a patient who is taing the
amylin mimetic drug pramlintide &ymlin)?" answer="<ul><li> 8ecommend a
reduced insulin dosage when initiating therapy</li><li>%onitor for signs of hypoglycemia$ which tends to occur within , hr
after dosing
</li><li>8ecommend gradual titration of doses
</li><li>%onitor for persistent nausea and *omiting &more common with type +
than with type 9 diabetes mellitus)
</li><li>(se appropriate in@ection technique to pre*ent in@ection-site
reactions
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What inter*entions should the
health care professional use when caring for a patient who is taing the
antidiuretic hormone drug desmopressin &!!#P$ timate$ %inirin)? "
answer="<ul><li> %onitor for headache$ confusion$ or other signs of water
into3ication
</li><li>%onitor fluid intae and output
</li><li>%onitor serum sodium le*els
</li><li>8estrict fluid intae when appropriate
</li><li>8ecommend diuretic therapy for moderate and se*ere fluid retention
</li><li>%onitor for signs of myocardial infarction$ angina pectoris$ or
cardiac insufficiency
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What inter*entions should the
health care professional use when caring for a patient who is taing the
antithyroid drug propylthiouracil &P'() &Propyl-'hyracil)?" answer="<ul><li>
%onitor thyroid function
</li><li>%onitor for indications of hypothyroidism &drowsiness$ depression$
weight gain$ edema$ bradycardia$ anore3ia$ cold intolerance$ dry sin$
menorrhagia)
</li><li>8ecommend a reduced dosage for patients who de*elop hypothyroidism
</li><li>%onitor 141 at baseline and periodically thereafter &leuocytes$
neutrophils)
</li><li>%onitor for indications of agranulocytosisE for these symptoms$ stop
therapy</li><li>%onitor integumentary status because the drug can cause a rash
</li><li>%onitor for @oint and muscle pain and headache
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What inter*entions should the
health care professional use when caring for a patient who is taing the
antithyroid drug/radioacti*e iodine drug iodine-+,+ &odotope)?"
answer="<ul><li> %onitor thyroid function
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</li><li>%onitor for indications of hypothyroidism &drowsiness$ depression$
weight gain$ edema$ bradycardia$ anore3ia$ cold intolerance$ dry sin$
menorrhagia)
</li><li>%onitor 141 and platelet count at baseline and periodically
thereafter
</li><li>%onitor for indications of anemia$ leuopenia$ and thrombocytopenia</li><li>%onitor for manifestations of radiation sicness &hematemesis$
epista3is$ intense nausea$ *omiting)
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What inter*entions should the
health care professional use when caring for a patient who is taing the
biguanide drug metformin &.lucophage)?" answer="<ul><li> %onitor for
indications of lactic acidosis
</li><li>5or signs of lactic acidosis$ stop drug therapy immediately
</li><li>A3pect that se*ere lactic acidosis will require hemodialysis
</li><li>%onitor for persistent nausea$ *omiting$ or diarrhea
</li><li>%onitor fluid intae and output
</li><li>%onitor for indications of *itamin 4+9 or folic acid deficiency
</li><li>8ecommend appropriate supplements
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What inter*entions should the
health care professional use when caring for a patient who is taing the
gliptin drug sitagliptin &anu*ia)?" answer="<ul><li> %onitor for respiratory
symptoms
</li><li>%onitor temperature if respiratory effects occur
</li><li>%onitor for headaches
</li><li>dminister o*er-the-counter analgesic for persistent headache$ if
pro*ider appro*es
</li><li>%onitor for gastrointestinal effects that could be signs of
pancreatitis
</li><li>4e prepared to monitor blood amylase le*el to help confirm
pancreatitis
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What inter*ention should the health
care professional use when caring for a patient who is taing the
glucocorticoid drug hydrocortisone &0ydrocortone$ olu-1ortef)?"
answer="%onitor for side effects related to inappropriate dosing$ such as
hypercortisolism &hyperglycemia$ fat redistribution$ osteoporosis) orhypocortisolism &fatigue$ weaness$ weight loss$ hypoglycemia)
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What inter*entions should the
health care professional use when caring for a patient who is taing the
growth hormone somatropin &.enotropin$ 2utropin$ 0umatrope$ erostim)?"
answer="<ul><li> %onitor blood glucose le*els
</li><li>%onitor for muscle pain and administer a mild analgesic as needed
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</li><li>%onitor urine calcium because the drug can cause increased le*els
</li><li>%onitor for renal stones
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What inter*entions should the
health care professional use when caring for a patient who is taing the
hyperglycemic agent glucagon &.luca.en)?" answer="<ul><li> 5or an unconsciouspatient$ turn on side to pre*ent aspiration from *omiting
</li><li>%onitor for persistent nausea and *omiting
</li><li>%onitor fluid and carbohydrate intae
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What inter*entions should the
health care professional use when caring for a patient who is taing the
incretin mimetic drug e3enatide &4yetta)?" answer="<ul><li> 8ecommend a
reduced oral hypoglycemic drug dosage when initiating therapy
</li><li>%onitor for signs of hypoglycemia
</li><li>%onitor for persistent nausea$ *omiting$ or diarrhea
</li><li>%onitor fluid and carbohydrate intae
</li><li>%onitor for indications of pancreatitisE stop drug therapy if they
occur
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What inter*entions should the
health care professional use when caring for a patient who is taing the
insulin drugs$ 7ispro &0umalog)$ 8egular &0umulin 8)$ 2P0 insulin &0umulin 2)$
insulin glargine &7antus)?" answer="<ul><li> %onitor for signs of hypoglycemia
&abrupt onsetJ tachycardia$ palpitations$ diaphoresis$ shainessE gradual
onsetJ headache$ tremors$ weaness)
</li><li>1hec blood glucose le*el to confirm hypoglycemia$ then gi*e +G g of
carbohydrate &H o6 fruit @uice$ + tbsp honey$ glucose tablets per
manufacturers suggestion to equal +G g)
</li><li>5or an unconscious patient$ administer glucose or glucagon
parenterally
</li><li>%onitor sin for subcutaneous fat accumulation
</li><li>%onitor potassium le*els
</li><li>%onitor A1.
</li><li>%onitor for indications of hypoalemia
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What inter*entions should the
health care professional use when caring for a patient who is taing themeglitinide drug repaglinide &Prandin)?" answer="<ul><li> %onitor for signs of
hypoglycemia &diaphoresis$ tachycardia$ fatigue$ e3cessi*e hunger$ tremors)
</li><li>.i*e +G to 9 g carbohydrate to treat hypoglycemia
</li><li>f the patient is conscious$ gi*e glucose orally either in pill form$
H o6 of fruit @uice$ F saltines$ or + tbsp of honey
</li><li>f the patient is unconscious$ gi*e # glucoseE gi*e glucagon + mg
either subcutaneously or intramuscularly
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</li><li>1hec the patients blood glucose e*ery +G to 9 min
</li><li>1ontinue treatment until blood glucose has returned to the e3pected
reference range and the patient is no longer symptomatic
</li><li>%onitor for persistent nausea$ *omiting$ or diarrhea
</li><li>%onitor fluid intae and output
</li></ul>"/><question question="What inter*ention should the health
care professional use when caring for a patient who is taing the
mineralocorticoid drug fludrocortisone &5lorinef cetate)?" answer="%onitor
for side effects related to e3cess dosing &increase in weight$ fluid
retention$ increase in blood pressure$ hypoalemia) or inadequate dosing
&weight loss$ poor appetite$ fatigue$ muscle weaness$ hypotension)
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What inter*entions should the
health care professional use when caring for a patient who is taing the
sulfonylurea drug glipi6ide &.lucotrol)?" answer="<ul><li> %onitor for signs
of hypoglycemia &diaphoresis$ tachycardia$ fatigue$ e3cessi*e hunger$
tremors)
</li><li>.i*e +G to 9 g carbohydrate for hypoglycemia
</li><li>f the patient is conscious$ gi*e glucose orally in either pill form$
H o6 of fruit @uice$ F saltines$ or + tbsp of honey
</li><li>f the patient is not conscious$ gi*e # glucose or glucagon + mg
either subcutaneously or intramuscularly
</li><li>1hec the patients blood glucose e*ery +G to 9 min
</li><li>1ontinue treatment until the blood glucose has returned to the
e3pected reference range and the patient is no longer symptomatic
</li><li>%onitor for persistent nausea$ *omiting$ or diarrhea
</li><li>%onitor caloric intae
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What inter*entions should the
health care professional use when caring for a patient who is taing the
thia6olidinedione drug rosiglita6one &*andia)?" answer="<ul><li> %onitor for
edema$ weight gain$ or indications of heart failure
</li><li>5or hepatoto3icity$ obtain serum alanine aminotransferase &7')
le*els at baseline and e*ery , to F months thereafter
</li><li>top drug therapy for indications of li*er in@ury
</li><li>%onitor serum lipid le*els$ watching for increases in triglycerides
and in both high-density &fa*orable) and low-density &unfa*orable)lipoproteins
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What inter*entions should the
health care professional use when caring for a patient who is taing the
thyroid replacement drug le*othyro3ine &ynthroid)?" answer="<ul><li> %onitor
thyroid function
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</li><li>%onitor for indications of hyperthyroidism &an3iety$ tachycardia$
palpitations$ tremors$ altered appetite$ abdominal cramping$ diarrhea$ heat
intolerance$ fe*er$ diaphoresis$ weight loss$ menstrual irregularities)
</li></ul>"/>
</chapter>
<chapter 1hapter2ame="Patient nstructions"><question question="What important instructions should
the health care professional gi*e the patient who is taing the alpha-
glucosidase inhibitor drug acarbose &Precose)?" answer="<ul><li> 4e aware of
the gastric side effects of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
</li><li>5ollow the diet regimen recommended by the pro*ider
</li><li>Wear a medical alert bracelet
</li><li>Watch for and report symptoms of hypoglycemiaE test blood glucose to
confirmE consume H g of de3trose &.luco'abs)$ retest in +G min and repeat if
still low
</li><li>1arry de3trose tablets at all times
</li><li>8eport dar urine$ abdominal pain$ *omiting$ or fatigue
</li><li>8eport pallor$ fatigue$ or shortness of breath
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What important instructions should
the health care professional gi*e the patient who is taing the amylin mimetic
drug pramlintide &ymlin)?" answer="<ul><li> Wear a medical alert bracelet
</li><li>Watch for and report symptoms of hypoglycemia$ especially , hr after
dosing 'est blood glucose to confirm$ then consume a snac of +G to 9 g
carbohydrates$ and retest in +G to 9 min$ and repeat if still low
</li><li>1arry a carbohydrate snac at all times
</li><li>7ie down when feeling nauseated
</li><li>5ollow proper in@ection technique
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What important instructions should
the health care professional gi*e the patient who is taing the antidiuretic
hormone desmopressin &!!#P$ timate$ %inirin)?" answer="<ul><li> A3pect
lifelong therapy
</li><li>8eport pounding headache$ sleepiness$ fluid retention$ weight gain$
and edema
</li><li>7imit fluid intae during therapy
</li><li>8ecord fluid intae and output daily
</li><li>8eport chest pain or pressure</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What important instructions should
the health care professional gi*e the patient who is taing the antithyroid
drug propylthiouracil &P'() &Propyl-'hyracil)?" answer="<ul><li> 4e aware of
the goal of drug therapy
</li><li>A3pect , to +9 wees of therapy to return to acceptable thyroid
le*els and F to +9 months to stabili6e thyroid hormone production
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</li><li>!o not discontinue abruptly
</li><li>Watch for and report an3iety$ drowsiness$ depression$ weight gain$
swelling$ slow heart rate$ appetite loss$ cold intolerance$ dry sin$ or hea*y
menstrual bleeding
</li><li>8eport fe*er or sore throat
</li><li>8eport rash</li><li>8eport @oint or muscle pain$ or headache
</li><li>'ry o*er-the-counter analgesics to relie*e pain
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What important instructions should
the health care professional gi*e the patient who is taing the antithyroid
drug/radioacti*e iodine drug iodine-+,+ &odotope)?"
answer="<ul><li>(nderstand the goal of drug therapy
</li><li>A3pect some effects in a few days or wees and full effects in 9 to ,
months
</li><li>Watch for and report an3iety$ drowsiness$ depression$ weight gain$
swelling$ slow heart rate$ appetite loss$ cold intolerance$ dry sin$ or hea*y
menstrual bleeding
</li><li>8eport fe*er$ sore throat$ weaness$ or fatigue
</li><li>8eport bloody *omit$ nosebleeds$ or se*ere nausea and *omiting
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What important instructions should
the health care professional gi*e the patient who is taing the biguanide drug
metformin &.lucophage)?" answer="<ul><li> *oid drining alcohol
</li><li>8eport weaness$ fatigue$ lethargy$ or hyper*entilation f these
symptoms de*elop$ stop taing the drug and see medical care immediately
</li><li>A3pect nausea$ diarrhea$ anore3ia to diminish as drug therapy
continues
</li><li>7ie down when feeling nauseated
</li><li>%aintain adequate carbohydrate and fluid intae
</li><li>8eport weaness$ fatigue$ pallor$ or reddened tongue
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What important instructions should
the health care professional gi*e the patient who is taing the gliptin drug
sitagliptin &anu*ia)?" answer="<ul><li> 8eport persistent upper respiratory
symptoms or fe*er
</li><li>8eport persistent or unrelie*ed headaches
</li><li>8eport se*ere upper abdominal pain or abdominal pain that radiates tothe bac and is associated with nausea or *omiting
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What important instructions should
the health care professional gi*e the patient who is taing the glucocorticoid
drug hydrocortisone &0ydrocortone$ olu-1ortef)?" answer="<ul><li> A3pect
lifelong therapy
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</li><li>8eport increased stress because higher dosages are essential at such
times &generally three times the usual dose for three days)
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What important instructions should
the health care professional gi*e the patient who is taing the growth hormone
somatropin &.enotropin$ 2utropin$ 0umatrope$ erostim)?" answer="</li><li>8eport polyphagia$ polydipsia$ and polyuria
</li><li>8eport muscle pain not relie*ed by mild analgesics
</li><li>8eport flan pain$ urinary frequency$ or blood in the urine
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What important instructions should
the health care professional gi*e the patient who is taing the hyperglycemic
agent glucagon &.luca.en)?" answer="<ul><li> 4e prepared to tae glucagon in
an emergency situation
</li><li>Dbtain a commercial glucagon it and carry it at all times
</li><li>(nderstand that *omiting is common after administration of glucagon
</li><li>nform family members of importance of turning unconscious patient on
side
</li><li>'ae orally when tolerated to pre*ent another episode of
hypoglycemia
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What important instructions should
the health care professional gi*e the patient who is taing the incretin
mimetic drug e3enatide &4yetta)?" answer="<ul><li> Watch for and report
symptoms of hypoglycemia 'est blood glucose to confirm$ then consume a snac
of +G to 9 g carbohydrates$ and retest in +G to 9 min and repeat treatment
if still low
</li><li>1arry a carbohydrate snac at all times
</li><li>Wear a medical alert bracelet
</li><li>7ie down when feeling nauseated
</li><li>1onsume an adequate number of calories
</li><li>8eport se*ere$ persistent abdominal pain and stop taing e3enatide
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What important instructions should
the health care professional gi*e the patient who is taing the insulin drugs$
lispro &0umalog)$ regular &0umulin 8)$ 2P0 &0umulin 2)$ insulin glargine
&7antus)?" answer="</li><li>!raw up prescribed amount of insulin using insulin syringe and
administer subcutaneously
</li><li>8otate in@ection sites systematically and space them + inch apart
</li><li>!o not in@ect cold insulin Beep insulin at room temperature
</li><li>Wear a medical alert bracelet
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</li><li>Watch for symptoms of hypoglycemia 'est blood glucose to confirm$
then consume a snac of +G to 9 g carbohydrates$ and retest in +G to 9 min
and repeat treatment if still low
</li><li>1arry a carbohydrate snac at all times
</li><li>8eport recurring episodes of hypoglycemia to pro*ider
</li><li>8eport weaness$ nausea$ palpitations$ or paresthesias</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What important instructions should
the health care professional gi*e the patient who is taing the meglitinide
drug repaglinide &Prandin)?" answer="<ul><li> Wear a medical alert bracelet
</li><li>Watch for and report symptoms of hypoglycemia
</li><li>'est blood glucose to confirm hypoglycemia 1onsume a snac of +G to
9 g carbohydrates 8etest in +G to 9 min and repeat treatment if still low
</li><li>1arry a carbohydrate snac at all times
</li><li>7ie down when feeling nauseated
</li><li>1onsume adequate carbohydrates
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What important instructions should
the health care professional gi*e the patient who is taing the
mineralocorticoid drug fludrocortisone &5lorinef cetate)?" answer="<ul><li>
A3pect lifelong therapy
</li><li>8eport weight gain or swelling &high sodium le*els)
</li><li>8eport weaness or palpitations &low potassium le*els)
</li><li>0a*e blood pressure checed regularly
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What important instructions should
the health care professional gi*e the patient who is taing the sulfonylurea
drug glipi6ide &.lucotrol)?" answer="<ul><li> Wear a medical alert bracelet
</li><li>Watch for and report symptoms of hypoglycemia
</li><li>'est blood glucose to confirm hypoglycemia 1onsume a snac of +G to
9 g carbohydrates 8etest in +G to 9 min and repeat if still low
</li><li>1arry a carbohydrate snac at all times
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What important instructions should
the health care professional gi*e the patient who is taing the
thia6olidinedione drug rosiglita6one &*andia)? " answer="<ul><li> 5ollow
instructions pro*ided in access program
</li><li>8eport swelling$ weight gain$ or shortness of breath immediately</li><li>8eport @aundice$ dar urine$ abdominal pain$ *omiting$ or fatigue
</li><li>A3pect periodic cholesterol testing
</li><li>8eport chest pain or discomfort$ diaphoresis$ or fatigue
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What important instruction should
the health care professional gi*e the patient who is taing the thyroid
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replacement drug le*othyro3ine &ynthroid)? " answer="Watch for and report
an3iety$ rapid heart rate$ palpitations$ tremors$ altered appetite$ abdominal
cramping$ diarrhea$ heat intolerance$ fe*er$ sweating$ weight loss$ and
menstrual irregularities"/>
</chapter>
<chapter 1hapter2ame="1ontraindications"><question question="What are some contraindications
that would mae taing the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor drug acarbose &Precose)
risy for the patient?" answer=".astrointestinal disorders &such as
inflammatory bowel disease)$ obstruction$ ulceration"/>
<question question="What are some contraindications
that would mae taing the amylin mimetic drug pramlintide &ymlin) risy for
the patient?" answer="<ul><li> 8enal failure
</li><li>0emodialysis
</li><li>Poor insulin regimen adherence
</li><li>0b+c abo*e KL
</li><li>.astroparesis
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some contraindications
that would mae taing the antidiuretic hormone desmopressin &!!#P$ timate$
%inirin) risy for the patient? " answer="
</li><li>Alectrolyte imbalances &oral form)
</li><li>8enal failure
</li><li>2ephrogenic diabetes insipidus
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What is a contraindication that
would mae taing the antithyroid drug propylthiouracil &P'() &Propyl-
'hyracil) risy for the patient?" answer="<ul><li> Pregnancy &ris category !
- can cause neonatal hypothyroidism and goiter)"/>
<question question="What are some contraindications
that would mae taing the antithyroid drug/radioacti*e iodine drug iodine-+,+
&odotope) risy for the patient?" answer="<ul><li> Pregnancy &ris category
M)
</li><li>7actation
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some contraindications
that would mae taing the biguanide drug metformin &.lucophage) risy for the
patient?" answer="<ul><li> !iabetic etoacidosis</li><li>1ardiopulmonary$ hepatic$ or renal insufficiency
</li><li>lcoholism
</li><li>0eart failure
</li><li>e*ere infection
</li><li>hoc
</li><li>cute myocardial infarction
</li><li>0ypo3emia
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</li><li>7actic acidosis
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some contraindications
that would mae taing the gliptin drug sitagliptin &anu*ia) risy for the
patient?" answer="<ul><li> 'ype + diabetes mellitus
</li><li>7actic acidosis"/><question question="What is a contraindication that
would mae taing the glucocorticoid drug hydrocortisone &0ydrocortone$ olu-
1ortef) risy for the patient?" answer="When gi*en in small doses - none"/>
<question question="What are some contraindications
that would mae taing the growth hormone somatropin &.enotropin$ 2utropin$
0umatrope$ erostim) risy for the patient?" answer="<ul><li> e*ere obesity
</li><li>e*ere respiratory impairment
</li><li>1losed epiphyses in a child
</li><li>1ritical illness
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some contraindications
that would mae taing the hyperglycemic agent glucagon &.luca.en) risy for
the patient?" answer="<ul><li> 0ypoglycemia from star*ation &due to the lac
of stored glycogen)
</li><li>Pheochromocytoma
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some contraindications
that would mae taing the incretin mimetic drug e3enatide &4yetta) risy for
the patient?" answer="<ul><li> 8enal failure
</li><li>'ype + diabetes mellitus
</li><li>!iabetic etoacidosis
</li><li>(lcerati*e colitis
</li><li>1rohns disease
</li><li>.astroparesis
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What is a contraindication that
would mae taing the insulin drugs$ 7ispro &0umalog)$ 8egular &0umulin 8)$
2P0 insulin &0umulin 2)$ insulin glargine &7antus) risy for the patient?"
answer="0ypersensiti*ity to insulin"/>
<question question="What is a contraindication that
would mae taing the meglitinide drug repaglinide &Prandin) risy for the
patient? " answer="!iabetic etoacidosis"/><question question="What are some contraindications
that would mae taing the mineralocorticoid fludrocortisone &5lorinef
cetate) risy for the patient?" answer="<ul><li> Potassium-depleting
diuretics
</li><li>cute glomerulonephritis
</li><li>0ypercortisolism
</li><li>#iral or bacterial sin diseases uncontrolled by antibiotics
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</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some contraindications
that would mae taing the sulfonylurea drug glipi6ide &.lucotrol) risy for
the patient?" answer="<ul><li> Pregnancy$ lactation
</li><li>!iabetic etoacidosis
</li></ul>"/><question question="What are some contraindications
that would mae taing the thia6olidinedione drug rosiglita6one &*andia)
risy for the patient?" answer="<ul><li> 1ardio*ascular disease$ including
hypertension
</li><li>e*ere heart failure
</li><li>cti*e hepatic disease
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What are some contraindications
that would mae taing the thyroid replacement drug le*othyro3ine &ynthroid)
risy for the patient?" answer="<ul><li> 'hyroto3icosis
</li><li>8ecent myocardial infarction
</li></ul>"/>
</chapter>
<chapter 1hapter2ame="Precautions">
<question question="What factors increase the ris of
side and ad*erse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who taes
the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose &Precose)?" answer="<ul><li> 0epatic
impairment
</li><li>.astrointestinal distress"/>
<question question="What factors increase the ris of
side and ad*erse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who taes
the amylin mimetic drug pramlintide &ymlin)?" answer="<ul><li> 'hyroid
disease
</li><li>Dsteoporosis
</li><li>lcoholism"/>
<question question="What factors increase the ris of
side and ad*erse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who taes
the antidiuretic hormone desmopressin &!!#P$ timate$ %inirin)?"
answer="<ul><li> Dlder adult
</li><li>1ardio*ascular disease
</li><li>0ypertension
</li><li>0istory of hyponatremia</li><li>e*ere heart failure
</li><li>0istory of thromboembolic e*ents
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What factors increase the ris of
side and ad*erse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who taes
the antithyroid drug propylthiouracil &P'() &Propyl-'hyracil)?" answer="
</li><li>mmunosuppression
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</li><li>4one marrow depression
</li><li>nfection
</li><li>7i*er dysfunction
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What factor increases the ris of
side and ad*erse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who taesthe antithyroid drug/radioacti*e iodine drug iodine-+,+ &odotope)?"
answer="1hild prior to puberty"/>
<question question="What factors increase the ris of
side and ad*erse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who taes
the biguanide drug metformin &.lucophage)" answer="<ul><li> !iarrhea
</li><li>!ehydration
</li><li>nemia
</li><li>Pituitary insufficiency
</li><li>.astroparesis
</li><li>.astrointestinal obstruction
</li><li>0ypothyroidism
</li><li>Polycystic o*ary syndrome
</li><li>Dlder adult"/>
<question question="What factors increase the ris of
side and ad*erse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who taes
the gliptin drug sitagliptin &anu*ia)?" answer="<ul><li> 0emodialysis
</li><li>%oderate to se*ere renal dysfunction
</li><li>0istory of pancreatitis
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What factors increase the ris of
side and ad*erse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who taes
the growth hormone somatropin &.enotropin$ 2utropin$ 0umatrope$ erostim)?"
answer="<ul><li> !iabetes mellitus
</li><li>Prader-Willi syndrome
</li><li>0ypothyroidism
</li><li>1hronic renal failure
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What factors increase the ris of
side and ad*erse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who taes
the hyperglycemic agent glucagon &.luca.en)?" answer="<ul><li> 1ardio*ascular
disorders
</li><li>drenal insufficiency</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What factors increase the ris of
side and ad*erse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who taes
the incretin mimetic drug e3enatide &4yetta)?" answer="<ul><li> 'hyroid
disease
</li><li>8enal dysfunction
</li><li>Dlder adult"/>
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<question question="What factors increase the ris of
side and ad*erse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who taes
the insulin drugs$ 7ispro &0umalog)$ 8egular &0umulin 8)$ 2P0 insulin &0umulin
2)$ insulin glargine &7antus)?" answer="<ul><li> Dlder adult
</li><li>8enal or hepatic dysfunction
</li><li>5e*er</li><li>'hyroid disease
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What factors increase the ris of
side and ad*erse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who taes
the meglitinide drug repaglinide &Prandin)?" answer="<ul><li> 8enal or hepatic
dysfunction
</li><li>ystemic infection
</li><li>Dlder adult"/>
<question question="What factors increase the ris of
side and ad*erse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who taes
the mineralocorticoid drug fludrocortisone &5lorinef cetate)?"
answer="<ul><li> 0eart failure
</li><li>ystemic fungal infection
</li><li>'hromboembolic disorders
</li><li>!iabetes mellitus
</li><li>0ypertension
</li><li>8enal dysfunction
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What factors increase the ris of
side and ad*erse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who taes
the sulfonylurea drug glipi6ide &.lucotrol)?" answer="<ul><li> 'hyroid disease
</li><li>8enal or hepatic dysfunction
</li><li>drenal or pituitary insufficiency
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What factors increase the ris of
side and ad*erse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who taes
the thia6olidinedione drug rosiglita6one &*andia)?" answer="<ul><li> %ild
heart failure$ ris for heart failure
</li><li>0epatic impairment
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What factors increase the ris ofside and ad*erse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who taes
the thyroid replacement drug le*othyro3ine &ynthroid)?" answer="<ul><li>
1ardio*ascular disorders &hypertension$ angina pectoris$ ischemic heart
disease)
</li><li>8enal impairment
</li><li>!iabetes mellitus
</li><li>Dlder adult
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</li></ul>"/>
</chapter>
<chapter 1hapter2ame="5ood N !rug nteractions">
<question question="What drugs or food ha*e the
potential to interact with the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose
&Precose)?" answer="<ul><li> nsulin and sulfonylureas increase the ris ofhypoglycemia
</li><li>%etformin &.lucophage) worsens gastrointestinal effects
</li><li>Astrogens$ thia6ides$ corticosteroids$ phenothia6ines$ isonia6id
&20)$ and phenytoin &!ilantin) counteract hypoglycemic effects
</li><li>'he herbal ginseng increases hypoglycemic effects
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What drugs or food ha*e the
potential to interact with the amylin mimetic$ pramlintide &ymlin)?"
answer="<ul><li> nsulin increases the ris for hypoglycemia
</li><li>bsorption of oral drugs slows$ so patients should tae them + hr
before or 9 hr after pramlintide
</li><li>!rugs that slow gastric emptying$ such as opioids$ and drugs that
delay food absorption$ such as acarbose &Precose) and miglitol &.lyset)$
further slow gastric emptying
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What drugs or food ha*e the
potential to interact with the antidiuretic hormone desmopressin &!!#P$
timate$ %inirin)?" answer="<ul><li> 1arbama6epine &'egretol) and
chlorpropamide &!iabinese) increase antidiuretic action
</li><li>Dther *asopressors and lithium &Asalith) decrease antidiuretic
action
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What drugs or food ha*e the
potential to interact with the antithyroid drug propylthiouracil &P'()
&Propyl-'hyracil)?" answer="<ul><li> Affects of anticoagulants increase
</li><li>5ood alters absorption rates
</li><li>Potassium iodide &B)$ sodium iodide &odopen)$ and amiodarone
&1ordarone) counteract therapeutic effects
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What drugs or food ha*e the
potential to interact with the antithyroid drug/radioacti*e iodine drug
iodine-+,+ &odotope)?" answer="Dther antithyroid drugs reduce uptae"/><question question="What drugs or food ha*e the
potential to interact with the biguanide drug metformin &.lucophage)"
answer="<ul><li> lcohol and cimetidine &'agamet) increase the ris of lactic
acidosis
</li><li>ny contrast medium containing iodine increases the ris of acute
renal failure$ thus worsening lactic acidosis
</li><li>0erbals ginseng and garlic increase hypoglycemic effects
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</li><li>1aptopril &1apoten)$ nifedipine &Procardia)$ furosemide &7asi3)$
morphine$ ranitidine &Oantac)$ antifungals$ and many other drugs increase
hypoglycemic effects
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What drugs or food ha*e the
potential to interact with the gliptin drug sitagliptin &anu*ia)?"answer="itagliptin may increase digo3in le*els"/>
<question question="What drugs or food ha*e the
potential to interact with the growth hormone somatropin &.enotropin$
2utropin$ 0umatrope$ erostim)?" answer="<ul><li> .lucocorticoids and
adrenocorticotropic hormone counteract growth-stimulating effects
</li><li>'hyroid hormones$ estrogens$ and androgens promote epiphyseal
closure
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What drugs or food ha*e the
potential to interact with the hyperglycemic agent glucagon &.luca.en)?"
answer="Affects of oral anticoagulants increase"/>
<question question="What drugs or food ha*e the
potential to interact with the incretin mimetic drug e3enatide &4yetta)?"
answer="<ul><li> ulfonylureas increase the ris for hypoglycemia
</li><li>bsorption of oral drugs slows$ especially oral contracepti*es and
antibiotics$ so patients should tae them + hr before taing e3enatide
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What drugs or food ha*e the
potential to interact with the insulin drugs$ 7ispro &0umalog)$ 8egular
&0umulin 8)$ 2P0 insulin &0umulin 2)$ insulin glargine &7antus)?"
answer="<ul><li> ulfonylureas$ meglitinides$ beta blocers$ salicylates$ and
alcohol increase hypoglycemic effects
</li><li>'hia6ide and loop diuretics$ sympathomimetics$ thyroid hormones$ and
glucocorticoids increase blood glucose le*els$ thus counteracting hypoglycemic
effects
</li><li>4eta blocers mas manifestations of hypoglycemia &tachycardia$
tremors)
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What drugs or food ha*e the
potential to interact with the meglitinide drug repaglinide &Prandin)?"
answer="<ul><li> .emfibro6il &7opid)$ erythromycin &A-%ycin)$ and etocona6ole
&2i6oral) increase hypoglycemic effects</li><li>.rapefruit @uice &more than + 7/day) and herbals ginseng and garlic
increase hypoglycemic effects
</li><li>4arbiturates$ carbama6epine &'egretol)$ rifampin &8ifadin)$ and
others counteract hypoglycemic effects
</li></ul>"/>
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<question question="What drugs or food ha*e the
potential to interact with the mineralocorticoid drug fludrocortisone
&5lorinef cetate)?" answer="<ul><li> 8ifampin &8ifadin) decreases le*els
</li><li>ntidiabetes effects of insulin and sulfonylureas decrease
</li><li>Potassium-depleting diuretics$ such as furosemide &7asi3)$ increase
the ris of hypoalemia</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What drugs or food ha*e the
potential to interact with the sulfonylurea drug glipi6ide &.lucotrol)?"
answer="<ul><li> lcohol poses a ris for a disulfiram &ntabuse)-lie
reaction &nausea$ palpitations$ flushing) and increases hypoglycemic effects
</li><li>ulfonamide antibiotics$ 2!s$ oral anticoagulants$ salicylates$
monoamine o3idase inhibitors$ and cimetidine &'agamet) increase hypoglycemic
effects
</li><li>'hia6ides counteract hypoglycemic effects
</li><li>4eta blocers mas manifestations of hypoglycemia
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What drugs or food ha*e the
potential to interact with the thia6olidinedione drug rosiglita6one
&*andia)?" answer="<ul><li> nsulin increases the ris of heart failure and
edema
</li><li>.emfibro6il &7opid) and etocona6ole &2i6oral) increase hypoglycemic
effects
</li><li>.reen tea and herbals ginseng and garlic increase hypoglycemic
effects
</li></ul>"/>
<question question="What drugs or food ha*e the
potential to interact with the thyroid replacement drug le*othyro3ine
&ynthroid)?" answer="<ul><li> 1holestyramine &uestran)$ antacids$ iron and
calcium supplements$ and sucralfate &1arafate) reduce absorption$ so patients
should not tae le*othyro3ine within H hr of these drugs
</li><li>5ood reduces absorption
</li><li>%any antisei6ure and antidepressant drugs$ including carbama6epine
&'egretol)$ phenytoin &!ilantin)$ phenobarbital$ and sertraline &Ooloft)$
decrease le*els
</li><li>nticoagulant effects of warfarin &1oumadin) increase
</li><li>1ardiac response to catecholamines &such as epinephrine) increases
</li></ul>"/></chapter>
</course>
</courses>