Date post: | 07-May-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | biabellini |
View: | 1,067 times |
Download: | 0 times |
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
by
Beatriz Bellini
FUNCTION
metabolic rate
water and mineral balance
immune system reactions
sexual functioning
Endocrine glands secrete hormones that regulate many body activities such as:
ORGANS
ADRENAL GLANDS
OVARIES
TESTES
PANCREAS (islets of Langerhans)
PARATHYROID GLANDS
THYROID GLAND
PINEAL GLAND
PITUITARY GLAND
THYMUS GLAND
ADRENAL GLANDS
Regulates carbohydrate , water and electrolyte levels.
Responsible for reproduction and secondary sexual characteristics.
Sex hormones: Androgen, Estrogen and Progesterone
OVARIES
Regulate female reproductive system.
ESTROGEN – Stimulates
development of secondary
sex characteristics in females;
regulates menstrual cycle.
PROGESTERONE – Prepares
woman for conditions of
pregnancy.
TESTES
Regulate male reproductive
system.
TESTOSTERONE – Promotes
sperm production and
development of secondary
sex characteristics in
males.
PANCREAS (ISLETS OF LANGERHANS)
Regulate blood sugar levels.
GLUCAGON – Stimulates liver to release glucose into the blood.
INSULIN – Regulates and promotes entry of glucose into cells.
PARATHYROID & THYROID GLANDS
The parathyroid glands
regulate the amount of calcium
in the blood. Located on the
posterior side of the thyroid
gland. They secrete
parathyroid hormone.
The thyroid glands regulate
metabolic rate. (T3, T4)
Located on the dorsal surface
of the thyroid gland.
Stimulates deposition of
calcium into bone.
PINEAL GLAND Regulates circadian rhythm.
The pineal gland is a part of the thalamus
region of the brain. It secretes melatonin.
Melatonin is a hormone produced in the
brain by the pineal gland, from the amino
acid tryptophan. The synthesis and release
of melatonin are stimulated by darkness
and suppressed by light, suggesting the
involvement of melatonin in circadian
rhythm and regulation of diverse body
functions. Levels of melatonin in the blood
are highest prior to bedtime.
This is our 24 hour clock that governs our periods of wakefulness and sleepiness.
PITUITARY GLAND
Regulates function of adrenal cortex
Stimulates growth of eggs in female
and sperm in males
Stimulate growth of the body
Regulates function of male and
female gonads and pays a role in
releasing ova in females
Stimulates pigments in the skin
Stimulates milk production
Regulates function of thyroid gland
THYMUS GLAND
Promotes development of cells in immune system.
Located in the mediastinal cavity
anterior and superior to the heart.
The thymus is present at birth and
grows to its largest size during
puberty. At puberty it begins to
shrink and eventually is preplaced
with connective and adipose tissue.
ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
Adrenal Disorders
Diabetes
Lipid Disorders
Osteoporosis (Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to
break)
Pituitary Disorders
Parathyroid and Calcium Disorders (or par- pref. Beside; near; alongside: parathyroid)
PCOS, infertility (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)
Thyroid Disorders
An endocrinologist is a specially trained doctor who diagnoses and
treats diseases that affect your glands and hormone levels.
Example of a few endocrine system disorders: