Enduring Understandings

1. Nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances propelled the industrialized nations into a devastating world war.

2. Advancement of technology changed the nature of global conflict and cooperation.

3. Cooperation among nations may not necessarily be fair for all parties.

WWI affects the rest of the world

1. Review the Battle of the Somme – analyze map and read document on page 9 and answer connected questions on page 10.

2. Review the effects of technology and unconventional weapons by reading pages 12 and 13 – Answer:1. How did poison gas affect soldiers? 2. Why does poison gas seem such a horrible weapon?3. How does the scientific and industrial revolutions relate to the Industrial

technology reading?3. Intro to the widening of the war – complete page 14 as we go through the

powerpoint.4. Work with groups on project.

The second major battle of the war involving trench warfare is the Battle of Somme – July 1, 1916 to November 18, 1916France wants Britain to attack Germany to relieve

the pressure on VerdunThe Germans were forced to move troops to

Verdun to defend their positions there.Britain began with a 7 day artillery barrage –

1,738,000 shells were firedThe Germans were protected by deep bunkers and

trenchesThe British then charged right into heavy machine

gun fire, losing 60,000 on the first day.Bad weather and exhaustion end the offensive

with 7 miles gained and 620,000 allied and 500,000 German casualties

Trench Warfare

Russians and Serbs battle Germans, Austrians, and Turks along the Eastern Front in 1914

Without modern technology, the Russian army was continually short on food, guns, ammunition, clothes, boots, and blankets; hangs on through sheer strength of its numbers

Allies are unable to ship war supplies to Russia’s ports

The Russian Bolshevik Revolution leads to a change in government and a demand to end the war

Russia loses and then signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ending their war and giving land to Germany

Eastern Front

The War Spreads to the rest of the world…

By early 1915 it is apparent that chances for an abbreviated conflict have passed

World War I spreads to several continents; Germany’s colonial possessions are seized by the Allies as colonial subjects are recruited for service

Allied Powers sought a means to end the stalemate; Gallipoli campaign begins in 1915

War Affects the World

Gallipoli Campaign Allied expansion,

war moves beyond Europe

Purpose of campaign was numerous…o Secure the

Dardanelles Straito Capture

Constantinople o Defeat Turkso Establish supply line

to Russia Effort fails, yet

another stalemate

Why? Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare policy – the seas are no longer free

Attack on Lusitania (1915) Zimmermann Note – attempt to get Mexico to fight for the Germans

Economic/cultural ties with Allies

United States Enters the War

Because World War I spread to several continents, it required the full resources of many governments, thus making it a “total war.” Using this idea of the “total war” concept, governments created propaganda pieces calling on their citizens to join the war effort. The US was the country that produced the most propaganda.

Examples of WWI propaganda can be seen on pgs. 360 & 367.

World War I Propaganda

War Affects the Home Front

World War I becomes a total war, and governments take control of national economies

In the U.S. and Europe, citizens undergo rationing of goods

With millions of men at the front, many women go to work in factories and elsewhere

Russia Withdraws from the War

By 1917, the Russian government nears collapse as civil unrest and wartime shortages plague the empire

Czar Nicholas II abdicates his throne in March 1917

Russia pulls out of the war in early 1918

Lenin seizes power

War on Eastern Front endsRussia has to give up lands now in:

Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Ukraine, Poland and Finland – all given to Germany

Russia and Germany sign Brest-Litovsk Treaty

The Allies Win the War

With Russia’s withdrawal, Germany achieves a victory on the Eastern Front

Though Germany’s eastern troops head west, fresh American troops give the Allies an edge to win the second Battle of the Marne

German troops are exhausted – Americans are fresh

German materials are worn down and supplies, including food was very limited – Americans arrive with new machines and lots of food

After the 2nd Battle of the Marne, Germany is forced to retreat

German citizens are tired, worn out, and fed up with war

The Allies Win the War

Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire surrender

Revolution against emperor of Austria-Hungary

Mutiny in Germany The Kaiser abdicates, Germany and the Allies

sign an armistice, ending the war on November 11th, 1918