ENERGETICS (EN 32)
Chih-Yung Wen
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan
Office: #5832 Email:[email protected]
ENERGETICS (EN 32)
TA: Huai-Ning Hsueh
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan
Office: #5908 Email:[email protected]
ENERGETICS (EN 32)
Grading
1. Quiz 40%
2. Attendance 30%
3. Final exam 30%
Outline
Study the problem of energy (thermodynamics of open systems) and develop industrial applications in direct relation with the phenomena of thermal transfers and engineering sciences: in particular, thermo-solar energy conversion, photovoltaic conversion, nuclear energy.
Outline
Energy forms (Prof. Chih-Yung Wen)
State of energy (Prof. Chih-Yung Wen)
Solar energy for low temperature (Prof. Keh-Chin Chang)
Photovoltaic energy (Dr. Tung-Ching Tseng)
Nuclear energy (Prof. Chih-Yung Wen)
Nuclear fuel cycle (Prof. Chin Pan)
Fuel cell (option) (Prof. Chih-Yung Wen)
Outline
Class note
Website:http://www.iaa.ncku.edu.tw/~cywen/co urse/energy%20tec/energtec.htm
International Energy Profile
Energy (Hinrichs & Kleinbach) 2005(White paper, Energy Technology R &D)
Humanity’s Top Ten Problems for Next 50 YearsENERGYWATERFOODENVIRONMENTPOVERTYTERRORISM & WARDISEASEEDUCATIONDEMOCRACYPOPULATION
2003 6.3 Billion People → 2050 9-10 Billion
International Energy Profile
The 1st Oil Crisis—1973~1974 Oct., 1973. Outbreak of the 4th mid-east war, ten OPEC
member countries led by Syria started the war against Israel and her supporter
Oil price surged from US$ 3.011/ barrel to US$ 10.651/barrel
The worst global economic crisis after World War II U.S. industrial production ↓ 14% , Japan ↓ 20%
International Energy Profile
The 2nd Oil Crisis—1979~1980 The Iranian Revolution, also known as the Islamic
Revolution, began in January 1978 with the first major demonstrations against the Shah (King Mohammad Reza Pahlavi ). After strikes and demonstrations paralyzed the country and its economy, the Shah fled the country in January 1979.
Iran officially became an Islamic Republic on 1 April 1979.
International Energy Profile
580 Million barrels ↓ 100 Million barrels Oil price surged from US$ 13/ barrel to US$
34/barrel Global economic recession in 70s.
International Energy Profile
The 3rd Oil Crisis?
International Energy Profile
Supply vs. Demand
BRIC: Brazil, Russia, India, China
International Energy Profile
Internet (Facebook) revolution
Egypt, Libya (next?) Oil price surged from US$ 80/ barrel to US$
100/barrel
台灣能源概況
International Energy Profile
Energy Prediction
Oil
Natural
Gas
Coal
Uranium
Total Reserves(End of 2003)
11.477Hundred
Million barrels
175x1012
M3
9,844.5Hundred
Million tons
3100
K tons
Production(End of 2003)
280Hundred
Million barrels
2.6 x1012
M3
51.3Hundred
Million tons
-
Available years
41 67 192 53
IntroductionCoal
Oil
Natural Gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Bio-mass
Bio-mass (Non-commercial
Solar
Others
Total
Introduction
China 2002
Energy & Environment
Energy and EnvironmentGlobal Warming
Kyoto protocol, Dec. 1-10, 1997 The Parties (39 countries) shall, individually or jointly, ensure
that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases (Carbon dioxide CO2 (55%), Methane CH4, Nitrous oxide N2O, Hydrofluorocarbons HFCs, Perfluorocarbons PFCs, Sulphur hexafluoride SF6) do not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments, with a view to reducing their overall emissions of such gases by at least 5 % below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012.
Energy and EnvironmentCO2 reduction
EU and East Europe countries ↓ 8 %, US ↓ 7 %, Japan, Canada, Hungary, and Poland ↓ 6 %, Australia ↑ 8 %, Iceland ↑ 10 %, Norway ↑ 1 %.
Establish “Clean Development Mechanism”
Establish “Emission Trading Scheme”
Energy and EnvironmentKyoto protocol
Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its national circumstances, such as:
(i) Enhancement of energy efficiency in relevant sectors of
the national economy;
(ii) Protection and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse
gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, taking into account
its commitments under relevant international environmental
agreements; promotion of sustainable forest management practices,
afforestation and reforestation;
Energy and EnvironmentKyoto protocol
Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its national circumstances, such as:
(iii) Promotion of sustainable forms of agriculture in light of climate
change considerations;
(iv) Research on, and promotion, development and increased use of,
new and renewable forms of energy, of carbon dioxide sequestration
technologies and of advanced and innovative environmentally sound
technologies;
Energy and EnvironmentKyoto protocol
Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its national circumstances, such as:
(v) Progressive reduction or phasing out of market imperfections, fiscal
incentives, tax and duty exemptions and subsidies in all greenhouse
gas emitting sectors that run counter to the objective of convention
and application of market instruments;
(vi) Encouragement of appropriate reforms in relevant sectors aimed at
promoting policies and measures which limit or reduce emissions of
greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol;
Energy and EnvironmentKyoto protocol
Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its national circumstances, such as:
(vii) Measures to limit and/or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not
controlled by the Montreal Protocol in the transport sector;
(viii) Limitation and/or reduction of methane emissions through recovery
and use in waste management, as well as in the production,
transport and distribution of energy;
Energy and EnvironmentKyoto protocol
Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its national circumstances, such as:
(iii) Promotion of sustainable forms of agriculture in light of climate
change considerations;
(iv) Research on, and promotion, development and increased use of,
new and renewable forms of energy, of carbon dioxide sequestration
technologies and of advanced and innovative environmentally sound
technologies;
Energy and Environment
Copenhagen Climate Submit, December 7 to 18, 2009
to create international awareness to prevent climate change and global warming, and to create a new climate treaty to replace the Kyoto Protocol that runs out in 2012
Still no conclusive action!!
International Energy Profile
Energy classifications: Traditional energy, Renewable energy, Hydrogen energy and Waste energy
Traditional Energy: Fossil fuel energy (Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas) and Nuclear energy
Energy classifications
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
Renewable Energies Solar Energy (Concentrating Solar Power)
→ Solar thermal energy
→ Photovoltaic Wind Energy Hydroelectric Power Geothermal Energy Biomass Energy Ocean thermal Energy
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
ero Carbon Emission
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
Fuel Cell—H2 Energy
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
Fuel Cell—H2 Energy
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
Fossil Fuel Energy Boosting Power Plant Efficient Low Emission Boiler Systems—LEBS Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion—PFBC Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle—IGCC Indirectly Fired Cycle—IFC Advanced Turbine Systems—ATS
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
台灣能源概況
Cost analysis (Electricity Generation)
Energy Environmental Cost Elec. Gen. Cost Total Costr
aditi
onal
E
nerg
y R
enew
able
E
nerg
y
Electricity Generation Emission
Green House Gas Emission
Energy
rad
ition
al E
nerg
y R
enew
able
E
nerg
y
Solar thermal
Photovotalic
Wind
Hydro
Bio-mass
Coal
Oil
Gas turbine combined cycle
Diesel
Nation
Japan
EU
Holland
Denmark
AustriaSweden
Germany
France
Spain
ItalyU.K.
U.S.A.
Canada
India
MexicoBrazil
China
Near-term % (year) future % (year) Elec. Gen. % (year)
Conclusion
There is only one earth! Sustainable Development!
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
Thanks for your attention
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007