Energy 101 Why Does This Matter?students, engineers, and practitioners exploring the science behind...

Energy 101

Why Does This

Matter?

Joseph RandKidWind Project

[email protected]

KidWind Project | www.kidwind.orgKidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

What is KidWind?

The KidWind Project is a team of teachers,

students, engineers, and practitioners

exploring the science behind wind and

other renewable forms of energy. Our goal

is to make renewable energy widely

accessible through hands-on activities

which are challenging, engaging and teach

basic science and engineering principles.

“Engaging minds for a responsible future…”

Humanity’s Top Ten Problems

for next 50 years

1. ENERGY

2. Water

3. Food

4. Environment

5. Poverty

6. Terrorism & War

7. Disease

8. EDUCATION

9. Democracy

10. PopulationSource: Nobel Laureate Richard Smalley

• For worldwide peace and prosperity we

need abundant and affordable clean

energy.

• Need to improve current technologies

• Need to develop new technologies

• We need students to enter Science,

Technology, Engineering, and

Mathematics (STEM) fields

• We need a bold new approach to

confront this issue

Energy for 10 Billion People

Science Literacy

• In the U.S., climate change is still a “debate”

• Recent studies have shown that 50% of

Americans cannot name an example of

renewable energy.

• Understanding basics of energy and electricity

– What is a watt / kilowatt / kilowatt-hour?

• How can we “conserve” energy if we don’t

understand basic energy concepts?

KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org


Why Clean Energy Science in Schools ?• Students learn science/math standards

– Lessons are completely scalable from elementary through college level

• Addresses myths and misconceptions regarding renewable energy

• Encourages higher interest in Science, Tech., Engineering, Math– Science/Math activities with “larger social purpose”

• Students learn about jobs/careers in renewable energy industry, as well as opportunities for further training

• Educate the next generation of scientists, engineers, and decision makers to make smarter, more informed choices

• Education – a promising avenue for widespread social change!

Atmospheric Carbon vs. Temp


Where does the Carbon Come From


This figure shows the relative fraction of man-

made greenhouse gases coming from each of eight

categories of sources, as estimated by the Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research version 3.2.

Global annual fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions through

year 2004, in million metric tons of carbon, as reported by

the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center

Climate Change – Connect the Dots


Current research indicates that over the last 150 years the average

temperature has increased .8 C. Even if we stopped producing carbon

right now models suggest that the temperature would increase another .8

degrees.

Many effects of this .8 C rise are more dramatic than scientists have

anticipated (floods,drought,extreme weather events). Some researchers

think 2 degrees is a recipe for disaster.

NASA scientist James Hansen, the planet's most prominent climatologist, is

even blunter: "The target that has been talked about in international

negotiations for two degrees of warming is actually a prescription for long-

term disaster.”

Source – Rolling Stone “Global Warming’s Terrifying New Math” Bill McKibben

Current research indicates that over the last 150 years the average

temperature has increased .8 C. Even if we stopped producing carbon

right now models suggest that the temperature would increase another .8

degrees.

Many effects of this .8 C rise are more dramatic than scientists have

anticipated (floods,drought,extreme weather events). Some researchers

think 2 degrees is a recipe for disaster.

NASA scientist James Hansen, the planet's most prominent climatologist, is

even blunter: "The target that has been talked about in international

negotiations for two degrees of warming is actually a prescription for long-

term disaster.”

Source – Rolling Stone “Global Warming’s Terrifying New Math” Bill McKibben


Based on current models we can pump 565 gigatons of carbon into the

atmosphere and stay below or at the 2 C temperature increase.

While the amount of CO2 we have released over the last few years has

decreased, we are still putting 30-35 gigatons into the atmosphere each year.

Do the math and that gives you about 16-17years before we reach 565 gigatons.

1 GT = 1,000,000,000 Tons

1 Ton = 2000 lbs

1 lb of CO2 (STP) = A ball about 2.5 feet in diameter.

The average American releases about 57 pounds of CO2 each day!

Sources – Rolling Stone “Global Warming’s Terrifying New Math” Bill McKibben

http://www.nrdc.org/living/energy/why-worry-about-pound-carbon-dioxide.asp

Based on current models we can pump 565 gigatons of carbon into the

atmosphere and stay below or at the 2 C temperature increase.

While the amount of CO2 we have released over the last few years has

decreased, we are still putting 30-35 gigatons into the atmosphere each year.

Do the math and that gives you about 16-17years before we reach 565 gigatons.

1 GT = 1,000,000,000 Tons

1 Ton = 2000 lbs

1 lb of CO2 (STP) = A ball about 2.5 feet in diameter.

The average American releases about 57 pounds of CO2 each day!


http://www.nrdc.org/living/energy/why-worry-about-pound-carbon-dioxide.asp


This is the amount (gigatons) of carbon that would be released if we burned

all the known fossil fuel resources (coal, oil, natural gas).

It is 5 times the amount that we can burn if we hope to have any chance in

slowing or stopping global climate change.

It represents 27 trillion dollars in revenue for large coal, oil and gas

companies and city states.

Do you think it will be easy to convince investors or these entitites to leave

20 trillion dollars of assets in the ground? Me either.


This is the amount (gigatons) of carbon that would be released if we burned

all the known fossil fuel resources (coal, oil, natural gas).

It is 5 times the amount that we can burn if we hope to have any chance in

slowing or stopping global climate change.

It represents 27 trillion dollars in revenue for large coal, oil and gas

companies and city states.

Do you think it will be easy to convince investors or these entitites to leave

20 trillion dollars of assets in the ground? Me either.


What do Steroids in Baseball have to

do with Climate Change?


Caribbean - Cost of Energy

• The energy cost in the Caribbean is the

highest in the Western Hemisphere and

amongst the highest in the world.

• Most electricity produced in the region comes

from conventional thermal sources, primarily

oil-fired power plants.

• The islands' reliance on fuel oil makes them

highly vulnerable to international oil prices.

St. Kitts and Nevis – Energy Profile

Total installed electricity capacity (2010): 48 MWSt. Kitts: 33.9 MWNevis: 14.1 MW

St. Kitts and Nevis is a net energy importer. The country has no indigenous sources of oil, coal, natural gas or hydropower.

Oil imports are about 1,000 barrels per day. Nearly all of the islands' electricity is generated from imported oil.

Wind Farm on Nevis – 1.1 MW Capacity

…. But what can we do???

C E D A R• Conservation

• Efficiency

• Demand (Reduce Peak Demand)

• Ancillary (Your behavior and choices)

• Renewables

Basic Energy Background

1. FORMS of Energy


Can we name 9 forms of energy?



1. FORMS of Energy

2. Energy TRANSFORMATIONS

– Energy’s ability to change form is what

makes it useful.


Energy Transformations Activity

• Break into 4 groups

• 2 countries per group (~4 people)



• Identify the Energy Transformations that take place to light an incandescent light bulb


Incandescent Light Bulb

Energy Transformation

Chemical Energy � Thermal Energy � Mechanical Energy �Electrical Energy � Thermal Energy � Radiant Energy



• Identify the Energy Transformations that take place to light a hand-generator flashlight


Hand-Generator Flashlight

Energy Transformation

Nuclear Energy � Radiant Energy � Chemical Energy �Mechanical Energy � Electrical Energy � Radiant Energy



• Create your own for another common energy transformation



1. FORMS of Energy


3. SOURCES of Energy


Can we name 9 SOURCES of Energy?


Renewable vs. Non-renewableCategorize the 9 SOURCES of energy as

“renewable” or “non-renewable”



1. FORMS of Energy


3. SOURCES of Energy

4. Basics of ELECTRICITY


How is Electricity Generated?


Watt, Kilowatt, Megawatt…?


W = 1 Joule/Sec

Joule = 1 Newton over 1 meter

1 Watt ~ Lifting 1 Apple, 1 Meter in 1 second

1 Watt = KidWind Turbine Cranking

1 Kilowatt (kW) = 1000 Watts (Toaster)

1 Megawatt (MW) = 1,000,000 Watts (Large Wind Turbine)

1 Gigawatt (GW) = 1,000,000,000 (2 Nuclear Plants)

Power vs. Energy


Rate

Liters / Minute

Kilometers / Hour

Watts, KW, MW

Meters / Sec

POWER

Quantity

Liters

Kilometers

W-Hours, kWh, MWh

Meters

ENERGY



Questions?


What is the Cost of Inefficiency?

• WindWise Lesson 3

• Break into 4 groups



Refrigerator

Calculate cost of phantom loads

• Typical Home:

– 2 cell phone chargers (0.6 W each)

– Computer plugged in (3.5 W)

– DVD Player on standby (3 W)

– Microwave on standby (1.2 W)

– Television on standby (3.5 W)

– Stereo (2.5 W)


How Does a Generator Work?

• WindWise Lesson 9


Joseph Rand

KidWind Project

[email protected]

Date post:	16-Aug-2020
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