Introduction

Pakistans Energy Crisis

GROUP MEMBERS

Amal Sarfraz

Beenish Imtiaz

Muhammad Talal Ali Khan

Outline

Introduction

Definition

Demand and supply gap

Importance of energy

Causes of crisis

Pakistans Energy Options

Recommendations

Conclusion

Introduction

Energy is important for development of a country.

Pakistan is presently facing a serious energy crisis.

The demand exceeds supply and hence load-shedding is a common phenomenon through frequent power shutdowns.

DEFINITION

Energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. It usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to electricity or other natural resources.

Pakistan needs about 14000-15000MW electricity per day, and the demand is likely to rise to approximately 20,000 MW per day by 2010. Presently, it can produce about 11, 500 MW per day and thus there is a shortfall of about 3000-4000MW per day.

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DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAP

ELECTRICITY

Need: 14000-15000 MW per day

Production: 11, 500 MW per day

Shortfall: 3000-4000 MW per day

Expected demand: 20,000 MW per day by 2010

In 2007 Pakistan consumed up to 60.4 MTOE of energy in which 19.8 MTOE was imported in form of oil and coal.

Pakistans total energy requirement would increase by about 48 per cent to 80 million tons of oil equivalent (MTOE) in 2010

Million tons of oil equivalent

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Source: PWC/Hagier Bally Pakistan IPI Pre-Feasibility Report 2007

Expected shortage in 2025.

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Importance of energy

Energy has become an important requirement for the economic development of a country.

It plays a pivotal role in the socio-economic development of any country.

Uses:

industrial and agricultural purposes

domestic use of the citizens

Sufficient energy

Increase in Industries & betterment of Agriculture

Betterment of economy

What are the Causes

Causes/issues

Use of conventional energy resources only

Lack of planning

Lack of investment

Failure of government plans to provide adequate and affordable energy

Increase of oil prices in the world

Aging of equipment

Silting Process

Mismanagement of energy resources

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Ten Years of Energy Consumption

Source: Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan

LPG?

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Energy consumption by source(1996-97)

OilGasElectricityCoalLPG0.490000000000000320.290000000000000310.150000000000000246.0000000000000164E-21.0000000000000035E-2

Energy Consumption br source(2006-07)

Oil29%

Gas49%

Electricity16%

Coal12%

OilGasElectricityCoalLPG294916122

Source: Hydrocarbon development of Pakistan

Energy Consumption by sector(2007-08)IndustrialTransportDomesticCommercialAgricultureOther Govt0.430000000000000380.290000000000000310.24.0000000000000022E-22.0000000000000011E-22.0000000000000011E-2

We know that energy demand will increase in future. How can we satisfy the energy needs in an environment friendly way?

Pakistan's Energy Options

Expanding exploration for fossil fuels through appropriate incentives

Making exciting systems more efficient

Investing in renewable energy sources and developing /emerging technologies suitable for the region

Solar

Wind

Bio Fuels

Nuclear

Alternate Energy Resources

Nonrenewable

Oil

Natural Gas

Renewable

Solar Energy

Wind energy

Hydro energy

Tidal power

Geothermal

Coal

Solar Energy

Solar energy is generated without turbine or electromagnet

Photovoltaic cells capture sunlight and convert it into electricity

Electricity is stored in a battery

Pakistan is situated in area known as sunbelt

AEDB is planning to develop solar parks

AEDB(Alternate Energy Development Board)

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Wind energy

Wind can be useful source of energy

It uses wind to drive a turbine which produces electricity

In Pakistan it is available at costal areas.

AEDB proposed a wind corridor at Gharo & Keti Bandar towns of Sindh.

This has of potential of producing 40,000-50,000 MW.

The 50 MW Jamphir project is the countrys first commercial wind farm.

Hydroelectric Power

Most common way of producing electricity in Pakistan

Conversely estimated electricity through it is 45,000MW.

About 36.28% of total electricity is produced by hydro power.

Plan is to build 5 dams till 2016.

Extending of Mangla & Tarbela is also in progress.

Recommendations

Short term Plans

Increase in number of IPPs on affordable prices

Overhaul the existing units

Import of electricity

Long term Plans

Transformation of existing systems to renewable sources

Developing and installing biogas, solar, wind and micro and hydro based projects in villages.

Providing incentives for up-gradation and training to the engineers for new technology

IPP?

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conclusion

Its a call time for Pakistan to utilize their resources which are present in abundance

Deficiency is in exploration & utilizing them.

Incentives be developed for sustainable investment in energy sector

Development policy should be re-shaped.

Population is expected to increase up to 19 crores.

Pakistan is blessed with many alternate energy resources

Hope is the companion of power, and mother of success; for who so hopes strongly has within him the gift of miracles.-- Samuel Smiles.