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Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
CHAPTER 18APES
Ms. Miller
CHAPTER 18APES
Ms. Miller
Key ConceptsKey Concepts
Improving energy efficiencyImproving energy efficiencyTypes and uses of solar energyTypes and uses of solar energyTypes and uses of flowing waterTypes and uses of flowing waterUses of wind energyUses of wind energyTypes and uses of biomassTypes and uses of biomassUse of geothermal energyUse of geothermal energyUse of hydrogen as a fuelUse of hydrogen as a fuelDecentralized power systemsDecentralized power systems
The Importance of Improving Energy EfficiencyThe Importance of Improving Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency Energy efficiency
Fig. 18-3 p. 381Fig. 18-3 p. 381
Net energy efficiency Net energy efficiency
Currently in Wisconsin, there are three nuclear power plants. Point Beach and
Kewaunee nuclear power plants are currently operational. The LaCrosse Boiling Water Reactor in Genoa is owned by the Dairyland Power Cooperative and was permanently shut down in 1987. The two units at Point Beach are located near the city of Two Rivers, in Manitowoc County. Florida Power and Light (FPL) purchased the plant from Wisconsin Electric Power Company (WEPCO) in 2007. It has a total capacity of approximately 1,030 megawatts (MW). The Kewaunee Nuclear Power Plant (Kewaunee) is a single unit of approximately 575 MW located near the city of Kewaunee. It was purchased by Dominion Energy Kewaunee, Inc. (Dominion) from Wisconsin Public Service and Wisconsin Power and Light in 2005. Nuclear power in Wisconsin produces approximately 20 percent of the state’s electricity on an annual basis.
Ways to Improve Energy EfficiencyWays to Improve Energy Efficiency
Cogeneration—production of two useful forms of energy from the same fuel source
Cogeneration—production of two useful forms of energy from the same fuel source
Plug leaks—about 1/3 of heated air escapes through closed windows and holes and cracks
Insulation—in homes (Green Building Council)
The OS House at 1761 Main St., Racine WI has been selected for one of the 2011 Housing Awards from the
American Institute of Architects.
Hybrid and Fuel Cell CarsHybrid and Fuel Cell Cars
Hybrid electric-internal combustion engine Hybrid electric-internal combustion engine
Fig. 18-9 p. 385
Using Solar Energy to Provide HeatUsing Solar Energy to Provide Heat
Passive solar heating—absorbs and stores heat from the sun directly within the structure
Passive solar heating—absorbs and stores heat from the sun directly within the structure
Active solar heating—absorbs energy from the sun by pumping heat-absorbing fluid through collectors (used mainly in highly sunny areas)
Active solar heating—absorbs energy from the sun by pumping heat-absorbing fluid through collectors (used mainly in highly sunny areas)
Fig. 18-16 p. 391Fig. 18-16 p. 391
Using Solar Energy to Provide High-Temperature Heat and ElectricityUsing Solar Energy to Provide High-Temperature Heat and Electricity Solar thermal systems—collect and
transform energy from the sun into heat which can be converted to electricity
Solar thermal systems—collect and transform energy from the sun into heat which can be converted to electricity
Photovoltaic (PV) cells—solar cells convert solar energy into electricity
Photovoltaic (PV) cells—solar cells convert solar energy into electricity
Fig. 18-20 p. 394Fig. 18-20 p. 394
Producing Electricity from Moving WaterProducing Electricity from Moving Water Large-scale hydropower—high dams built across a
large river to create reservoir which flows through pipes at controlled rates in order to turn turbines
Large-scale hydropower—high dams built across a large river to create reservoir which flows through pipes at controlled rates in order to turn turbines
Small-scale hydropower—low dam with no reservoir built across small stream; stream water flow turns turbines for energy
Pumped-storage hydropower—pumps use surplus electricity to pump water from low to high reservoir, when more energy needed, water goes back to low
Tidal power plant—use of the differences between low and high tide to produce energy
Although the technology required to harness tidal energy is well established, tidal power is expensive, and there is only one major
tidal generating station in operation. This is a 240 megawatt station at the mouth of the La Rance river estuary in France.
Wave power plant—uses the force of waves to create energy
Wavegen's first wave powered electricity generating power station.
Large-scale Hydroelectric Power: Trade-offsLarge-scale Hydroelectric Power: Trade-offs
Fig. 18-22 p. 396
Reviewing the Trade-offs of Hydropower DamsReviewing the Trade-offs of Hydropower Dams
Fig. 15-9 p. 313
Producing Energy from BiomassProducing Energy from Biomass
Biomass and biofuels Biomass and biofuels
Biomass plantations
(a) As trees in the energy plantation grow, they absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.(b) During photosynthesis the trees store carbon in their woody tissue and oxygen is released back to the atmosphere.(c) At harvest, woodfuel is transported from the plantation to the heat or power generating plant.(d) As the wood is burned at the heat or power generating plant the carbon stored in the woody tissue combines with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, this is emitted back to the atmosphere in the exhaust gases.
Animal manure
The world’s largest biomass power plant running exclusively on chicken manure has opened in the
Netherlands. The power plant will deliver renewable electricity to 90,000 households.
Geothermal EnergyGeothermal Energy Geothermal heat pumps—used to heat or cool buildings
due to temp differences between surface and underground
Geothermal heat pumps—used to heat or cool buildings due to temp differences between surface and underground
Geothermal exchange or geoexchange—using buried pipes filled with fluid to move heat in or out depending on the season (cool in summer heat in winter)
Dry steam—reservoir having water vapor but no droplets
Wet steam—reservoir with mixture of vapor and droplets
Hot water—reservoir with hot water trapped in fractured or porous rock in Earth’s surface
SOCORRO – Geoscientists at New Mexico Tech are to resume a project that was put on hold in 2006 to tap into a reservoir of hot water deep
beneath the base of ‘M’ Mountain.
Molten rock (magma), hot dry-rock zones and warm-rock reservoir deposits are three nearly nondepletable sources of geothermal energy
The Hydrogen RevolutionThe Hydrogen Revolution
Extracting hydrogen efficiently from water and compounds
Extracting hydrogen efficiently from water and compounds
Storing hydrogen due to flammability: incompressed tanks, as a liquid, in metal hydride compounds, absorbed by other compounds
Storing hydrogen due to flammability: incompressed tanks, as a liquid, in metal hydride compounds, absorbed by other compounds
Fuel cells for electricityFuel cells for electricity
Environmentally friendly hydrogenEnvironmentally friendly hydrogen
Entering the Age of Decentralized MicropowerEntering the Age of Decentralized Micropower
Decentralized power systems—going from large power plant systems to dispersed, smaller micropower systems
Decentralized power systems—going from large power plant systems to dispersed, smaller micropower systems
Micropower systems—microturbines, fuel cells, solar panels and solar roofs: produce 1-10,000 kWatts of electricity
Micropower systems—microturbines, fuel cells, solar panels and solar roofs: produce 1-10,000 kWatts of electricity
Fig. 18-32 p. 405