ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS Er.Rajpal Singh Kushwah1,

HOD Civil Department of Civil Engineering JECRC University Jaipur-302017

Dr. PBL Chaurasia2,

Director, Centre of Excellence Solar Energy Research & Utilization Dean-Engineering, School of Engineering & Technology

Suresh Fyan Vihar University, Jaipur-302017.

Abstract

Sun shines most of the areas in Rajasthan over whole Year. Most of the areas receive

Solar Energy. Whole Rajasthan suffers by Heat and Cold. Sun rises in east direction and sets in

West direction. In Summers Solar path inclines towards North direction i.e. the sun remains on

head means vertical or in other words Solar path inclines towards Cancer Line but in winter

season it inclines towards South direction or equator Line. So in summer season shining sun

remains on top and in winter season solar path inclines towards South direction and near about

the condition is same regarding the whole country. The average insolation in Rajasthan is about

5.6kWh/m2/day. In summer season, the temperature remains +40°C and solar insolation

reaches > 6.0kWh/m2/ day.

If according to movement of solar path some changes in building construction plans are

made then only by the direct heating of solar light temperature of a house or office can be

maintained easily. Making windows in south direction means windows or glazing should be

parallel in East – West Direction. Length of Building and also of rooms or halls should be parallel

to East – West Direction for receiving maximum heat and heat received like this may be

circulate to other part of building and this heat can be protected inside the building. Near about

50% electricity may be saved. For cooling of building and also making pollution free

environment (Rich of oxygen) green walls, roof top gardening along with Curtain and sun shade

in south direction can reduce temperature inside of building.

Lot of Electricity is required for air conditioning in summers and heating in winters. Near

about 44% Electricity is consumed for conditioning houses offices etc. If Sunlight is used

properly in winters Electric consumption can be reduced up to 50%. In south providing bigger

glazed windows and reflectors sun light can be allowed to enter the premises and the heat can

be circulated in other parts of house. In summer by sun screens, sun shades, green wall

technology and roof top gardening buildings can be saved by heating providing cooling effect

and thus electricity for air conditioning can be saved near about 50%.

Key words: - Green energy, Solar path, Equator, Green walls and Roof top gardening, Passive

cool techniques.

Introduction Regarding the high prices and lack of

electricity if naturally by using of solar light

light and heating can be achieved. This way

precious electricity can be saved. This

technique may be used any where in the

world by first of all tracing the solar path

and then based on this study building plans

can be prepared and the solar heat can be

used for heating the buildings naturally.

BAD EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL COOLING AND

HEATING:-

1. Oxigen level reduces inside the

premise in I, e. heating and Cooling.

2. Different types of skin diseases

take place.

3. Heavy Electricity is consumed in

both cases Heating and Cooling.

4. In both cases temperature

difference is kept remarkable so chances of

getting ill are more.

5. Using Solar reflectors solar energy

can be reflected into the premises and

required heating of building can be

achieved. The hot airs from these hotter

areas may be transferred to other cooler

parts of building and total building can be

conditioned.

6. If Cavity walls technique is

implemented than the Energy (Cooling and

Heating) can be conserved by Thermostatic

Effect of cavity walls.

7. By using Green Walls technology

heating of walls or buildings can be stopped

or rather cooling can be achieved.

Thermal Insulating walls:-

If the building is made such a way

that the building is made by thermally

Insulated material or the walls (outer walls)

are made Cavity Walls.

By this thermal non conductivity of

walls we can preserve the inside

temperature of the premises. Like this

Heating and Cooling Both can be made

Effective.

Naturally or Passive Heating Process

of Buildings by Solar light:-

Like the picture1. the glazing can be

applied on the walls facing sun in the winter

season and maximum of the solar heat can

be collected in house and with out

releasing, heat from one part of house can

be transferred to other part of houses or

offices and thus without consuming

electricity premises can be made hot

comparatively.

Picture no.1

Picture showing Glazing in South

direction or parallel to East West Axis for

receiving maximum Sun light and Heat.

Glazing on East-West Walls (South

facing walls)

Picture no.2

Reflectors solar light:-

Solar Panel Reflectors:-

Active Solar Heating:-

1. Flate plate collectors are usually

placed on the roof or on the

ground in the Sunlight.

2. The sunny side has a glass or

plastic cover.

3. The inside space is a black

absorbing material.

4. Air or water is pumped (hence

active) through the space to

collect the heat.

5. The fans or the pumps deliver

the heat.

Picture no.3 Water heating

plant for active heating.

Picture no.4 Flat plate heat

collector.

Figure showing Solar path

movement during Summer and Winter

seasons respectively Alongwith role of sun

shade in South direction.

Picture no.5 Solar path

Summer and Winter Role of Sun

shade.

Naturally or Passive Cooling Process

of Buildings:-

Because of sun on top in summer

season heating effect by sun is too much

specially in Rajasthan. Air also gets very hot

having day temperature maximum upto 48o

C and even more.

In these conditions sun shades stops

sun rays and ultimately heating of walls is

stopped. If green walls, green roof or Roof

top gardening and indoor plantation is

accepted it will reduce naturally the

temperature. Ultimately it will save

electricity to be spent on air conditioning.

1. As it is known to all of us according

to thermal cycle Hot air becomes lighter

and goes up while cool air becomes heavier

and by gravitational force it goes down.

Using this principle, through ventilators

flushing with roof on South-West direction,

Hot and Humid air can be released or

exhausted on the South- west direction.

2. Fresh and cooler air from cooler

sides, the sides not having sun may be

permitted to enter the premises through

windows as shown below in pictures.

3. With the help of larger Sun shades

on the South-West direction heating of

walls can be reduced.

4. Sun shading mats or curtains may be

applied on the Sun facing walls and heating

of walls can be reduced.

5. Green walls and Roof top Gardening

may be implemented for effective cooling

of the Premises.

Picture no.6 Solar path

Summer and Winter, Role of Sun

shade.

Sunlight protection Screen or Sun

shading mat.:-

Picture no.7

Active Cooling:-

1. As per Green building concept the

green walls technology accepted inside

cools the building by natural process of

water cooling. Moisture released by plants

is cooled down by the air of fans and hence

cooling takes place.

2. As per Green building concept the

green walls technology may be adopt on

the walls receiving maximum Sunlight.

Moisture from the plants comes out and

cools down the air surrounding hence

cooling of walls and ultimately inspite of

heating cooling takes place.

Indoor green walls:-

Indoor green walls:-

Outdoor green walls:-

3. Sun in summer shines on top. So

roof receives lot of heat from sun and it can

be easily stopped rather productively

stopped by roof top gardening of

vegitables.

Roof top gardening:-

Like this sufficient cooling can be

achieved in side the premices and

ultimately Electricity is saved and Money is

saved. Alongwith production of organic

vegitables free from any unwanted harm

full chemicals securing the health and also

securing wealth by unwanted expenditure

on organic food(vegetables). Pollution free

(rich oxigen) environment indoor the

premises by indoor plantation producing

rich oxygen.

Conclusion:-

1. Buildings may be energy efficient by

just planning and Orienting.

2. Keeping longer axis parallel to East-

West direction and glazing south

face. Gain max heat in winters and

with help of inside curtains reflects

max heat in summers.

3. Using green wall concept inside and

out side in summers provides max

cooling and rich oxygen

environment inside.

References:-

1. Global Youth Eco Leadership

Summit 2014 by Ida Ayu Mas Rizky

Ramadhani | 2014-03-03 19:25:18