Energy Efficient Lighting Technologies, Standards and Potential
Savings
Tbilisi, 15 December 2015
B U I L D I N G P A R T N E R S H I P S F O R E N E R G Y S E C U R I T Y
www.inogate.org
Lighting technologies
Global impact of lighting products
• Lighting responsible for 15% of global
electricity consumption
• More than the combined output of the
world’s nuclear power stations
• Overnight switch to LED lights globally
could remove need for 250 coal fired
power plants tomorrow
Source: CEM, 2015
All lighting
Domestic sector
(household)
Tertiary sector
(commercial)Street
Non-directional
Directional
Segmentation of lighting technologies used
by EU Regulations
Office
Domestic non-directional lighting
technologies
Incandescent
a.k.a. GLS
Halogen CFL LED
200 lumen 200 lumen 200 lumen 200 lumen
40 W 28 W 11 W 2 W
1,500 hrs 2,500 hrs 15,000 hrs 25,000 hrs
Banned
(still available)
€2.00
Phase out 2017
€4.85 €4.40
Directional or Non-directional?
Source: Lighting Europe, 2013
Domestic directional lighting technologies
Incandescent
(GLS)
Tungsten halogen
(MV and LV)
LED
400 Lumens 400 Lumens 400 Lumens
40 W 40 W 6 W
1,500 hrs 2,500 hrs 25,000 hrs
€1.30 €1.50 €9.00
Commercial lighting technologies
• Commercial lighting is available in a very wide range of types
and sizes
• Correspondingly, lumens, watts and prices vary widely too
Related equipment – can be sold separately
or be integrated into products
Ballasts
Lamp holder
Control gear
Fluorescent lamp starters
Luminaire
Street lighting technologies
High Pressure
mercury vapour
High Pressure
Sodium
Metal halide LED
24,000 lumens 27,500 lumens 36,000 lumens 15,000 lumens
500W 250 W 400 W 150 W
18,000 hrs 18,000 hrs 12,500 hrs 75,000 hrs
Rel. inexpensive,
mercury!
Rel. inexpensive Rel. inexpensive Rel. expensive
Electricity Consumption for LightingEU-28, TWh in 2013 (VHK, MELISA model)
• Largest energy user in lighting is Linear Fluorescent – 35%• Second largest user is high-intensity discharge (HID) – 17%• Compact fluorescent is also significant with 7% of energy
382.3 TWh
The Future is LED
• LED bulbs are a far superior technology
• Prices are falling
• Light quality is improving
• Efficiency is improving
• Lifespans are at least 10x greater than
incandescent and halogen bulbs
Growing LED market
Industry refocus to LED
COP21 10 Billion LEDs Goal
• Announced on 7 December, 2015 at COP21
• Commitments from China, India, US, Ikea Group
• Support from Phillips, Osram, Cree
Harmonised European Measurement
Standards
• What are measurement standards?
• What are harmonised measurement
standards?
• How are they used?
• Are there any relevant to lighting?
European Measurement Standards
Relevant to Lighting
• EN 60064: ‘Tungsten filament lamps for domestic and similar general lighting purposes - Performance requirements’.
• EN 13032-1 (2004), Lighting applications — Measurement and presentation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires — Part 1:
Measurement and file format
• EN 12464-1 (2004): ‘Light and Lighting Lighting of indoor work places.’
• EN 12665 (2002): ‘Light and lighting - Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements’
• prEN 15193 (2006): ‘Energy performance of buildings - Energy requirements for lighting’.
• EN 13201-3: Road Lighting. Calculation of performance
• EN 13201-4: Road Lighting. Methods of measuring lighting performance
• EN 60598-1: Luminaires Part 1 : General requirements and tests
• EN 60598-2-3: Luminaires –Part 2-3 : Particular requirements –Luminaires for road and street lighting
• EN 60901: Single-capped fluorescent lamps – Performance specifications
• EN 60081 : ‘Double-capped fluorescent lamps - Performance specifications’.
• EN 60921: Ballasts for tubular fluorescent lamps – Performance requirements
• EN 50294 : ‘Measurement Method of Total Input Power of Ballast-Lamp Circuits’.
• EN 60923: Auxiliaries for lamps – Ballasts for discharge lamps (excluding tubular fluorescent lamps) – Performance requirements
• EN 60927: Specification for auxiliaries for lamps. Starting devices (other than glow starters). Performance requirements
• EN 60929: AC-supplied electronic ballasts for tubular fluorescent lamps – Performance requirements
• EN 61048 : Auxiliaries for Lamps - Capacitors for Use in Tubular Fluorescent and Other Discharge Lamp Circuits - General and Safety
Requirements
• EN 61167: Metal halide lamps –Performance
• EN 62035: Discharge Lamps (Excluding Fluorescent Lamps) - Safety Specifications
• There are a lot of measurement and performance standards
in Europe
• Developed by CEN, CENELEC, ETSI – European standard
bodies
Example energy saving potential
• Lamp level (x1)
• Household level (x15)
LED (4W) Halogen (40W)
1000 hrs/yr 1,000 hrs/yr
4 kWh/yr 40 kWh/yr
£0.48 per year £4.80 per year
LED (4W) Halogen (40W)
1000 hrs/yr 1,000 hrs/yr
60 kWh/yr 600 kWh/yr
£7.20 per year £72.00 per year
10x the amount of energy/cost using Halogen versus LED
downlights
Example energy saving potential
• UK level (30M households)
• Energy saving potential: 16,200 GWh / yr
• Cost saving potential: £1.94 Billion / yr
• V. simple assumptions! – No time profile, no discounting
LED (4W) Halogen (40W)
60 kWh/yr 600 kWh/yr
1,800 GWh / yr 18,000 GWh / yr
£216M / yr £2,160M / yr
10x the amount of energy/cost using Halogen versus LED
downlights
Time Profile
• Policy appraisal period 1980 – 2030
• Start depends on product lifetime
• Stock versus flow
• 1980 sales = 1M bulbs
• Assume 1 year lifetime
• Normal distribution assumption
Energy saving potential:
Georgia
• How do we do it?
• Scenario analysis
– Baseline
– Policy options
Example outputs
• Increasing energy consumption over time (due to GLS/ halogens)
• Various policy scenarios show decreases due to phase out of
GLS/low efficiency halogens and uptake of LEDs
Energy saving potential:
Georgia
• Data inputs (for each technology)
– Stock/sales (units per annum)
– Usage (hrs per year)
– Lifespan (years)
– Average unit energy demand (W)
– Average price per unit (GEL)
• Discussion on data sources on Day 2
Example outputs
• Business as
usual (BAU)
• High uptake of
directional
halogens
• Ecodesign
impacts
• GLS phased
out by 2014
• LED market
share greater
than BAU
Cost benefit analysis
• What is it?
• How to do it?
Cost benefit analysis
• Direct vs indirect costs and benefits
• Proportionate approach
• Typical costs and benefits:
Type Direct impacts from Ecodesign Regulations
Cost Marginal product price
Benefit Value of energy saved
Benefit Value of CO2e emissions avoided
Benefit Value of improvements to air quality
Example outputs
• Assume
manufacturers
pass costs to
consumers
• Heat
replacement
effect
• Discounted
using 3.5% rate
(UK Govt.
requirements)
• CO2 and AQ
benefits use UK
Govt. provided
valuations.
Heat Replacement Effect
• Used for domestic settings
• More efficient light products = less waste
heat
• Heat system needs to top up due to
reduced waste heat
• Factors developed by UK’s Market
Transformation Programme
Sensitivity Analysis
• Used for data inputs with low confidence
• Allows creation of a range of outputs in
addition to a central value
• Ex. Potential energy savings of 5-10 GWh
per year instead of 6.78 GWh
Example outputs
• Simple illustration of sensitivity test of ‘use’ values and their
impact on energy savings.
0
50
100
150
200
250
201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024202520262027202820292030
GW
h
Year
Sensitivity test: Change usage inputs (+10%, -10%)
OCBA
OCBA maximum
OCBA minimum
We need your help to source data!
INOGATE Technical Secretariat
Thank you for listening
Any questions?
James Gardiner, Senior Technical Expert
Thomas Ramsson, Senior Technical Expert
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