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ENERGY UNIT 4) CN'E(? b
\
A
~ N E ~ ~ Y : the ability of an object to rnove, heat up
or
produce Iight. La- E ~ ' - ' j , ~ c c..u ck.. D'or-
6
i C ~
r . . . . s ~ c . r ' ' ' ' ' ; ' ' \ .
\..> : rUck;
< - C ~ - - . .
ck
c:J.-,:., ' - -.;:' )
Types of mechanical
energy:r
(.P ',,:)
a
Kinetic energy: it's the energy
of
the form
of
movement C h P - - ~
C ~ ~ L . . - . ~ L . .
cf. - h J
:..- ,.,.......c...
b- Potential energy: energy in the
lorm
01 potential movement f : ~ ~ r c < ' ~
~ l..
~ Q..,- J ' v - . . - . , ~ c.... d .....
~ ~ - . . ; ) ~ ~
p - > ~
Ex.
When
you lift an object
YOLl
give it potential energy
lt).
~ ~ c . . . . . . . l o . . ,
v..---.
6' t.:. L c l ~ v-..-. o
. R _ ~
- .-t . t)
Q
- C . J ~
r , \ c ~ L
( ) - C h e 1 i ~ ~ I ~ - : ~ ~ ~ = . : t:
f .D '-'?-
~ ~
It's store in some substances (in pasta as carbohydrates, in batteries)
~
~ -e---
, ~ . . . t 0 v - v v ~
R . l . : . .
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Q : l e ~ ~ ~ 1
eneF}lY;
E r u . ; ~ 1
ck c- . o.. ~ ~ . . k ~ ,.,
~ ~ ~ ~ I e a r e ~ _ e . r ~ ; E . ~ . ~ c v \
l1 s
stored
in
the atomic structure of all matter ~ er.-.....
~ . - - , ~ ~
a.JL.. ,
'c
& c k . ~ y . . ~ I c u ~
l1 s
transformed in nuclear power stations nto electrical energy k ~ o ; v - - - . . c . > - .
.............
~ . . . r v r l.c :;> G?---'-:02..-..
~ L c . V ~ , >
[WHAT
H PPENS
r
ENERGYWHEN
I T S _ U ~ E D ? J
e
~ ~ -
Lb
o c u r q ~ ; A
iSNE. .G;A
c:..'-.l
ANO ,
SE u T i l,.l
2.A
)
Energy never disappears. It can be transformed from one type of energy into another
c......
c ~
o ~ - i -
;. .. d . i j l F ~
Se..-
y c4.. .u.-.-....lv.-
p
"" k
Ex. A lightning (the electrical energy is transformed nto light energy, thermal energy and sound energy)
(hJ.G(.. ~ A . a v ) v-.. __
)
~
-
u.-.-,
ne O (Q.c.. ~ - '-..... ~ ~ - ~ ~ -
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Some common Energy Transformations: 0 ~ o - - , ~ ~ ~ u t . - - : . c . ~ ele..
e < > ~
c..e. ~
Chemical energy: aeroplanes and cars transform this energy in fuel and petrol nto kinetic and thermal energy
[ r I i l 1 . t ~
~
:
G J . . . . . : = - ~
~
~
~ o , w - r - c v . - -
~
f ~
k
c ~ . u _ ; L . J : k
...
J
~ k
- . - ,
~ ~
Electrical energy: fans and electrical drills transform it nto kinetic and thermal energy ~ . . t . : C J < -
"0
~ ~ ~
[ ~ ~ ~
b-;,
- - J ~ ~ J
J::oJ.o..Jno )
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O v - - - r - . 12--. ~ ~ - - ~ Z
Light energy: solar panels transform light energy from the Sun nto electrical energy
5-::.b,
....
-..-
eYe f ~ ? a Q ~
~ ~ ~
~ ~ y
~ d
[ H ~ ~ j ) C ?
M ~ ~ S J , ~ ~ ~ T . H E
E N ~ R G Y
-FOOO?)
el
OMo
~
~ l ~ = :
e N - ~ G I A
N
I A
cOMioA
A
?
This c ~ l e m i c a l energy stored
in
food and drinks is measured
in
calories. t::J;;... '''-rv:r:-
J
~ . . . c : L
R,-....... c ; . . ; , . ~
' ( )
6.,..
.S-e-.. ~ ~ ~ ~ l . . C c : : )
Ex.
Nuts, red meat and cheese have many calories
..
L ..
t....,.,.
. . > ~ . i u
"
-+-
-
, ._17
-J ~ J :>.J (.. - - : : .
Vegetables and white meat have few calories
\l
_ J ~ ~ J c . . C - . l ~
b k ~ u . > - ~
F ~ c . . . c L ~ ~ ~
l
L A S ~ I F I C A . I O _ N . _ O F ~ ~ E ~ Y
~ ~ ~ R . ~ _ ~ ~ . . J
L-ASiF CAGi Q
Ole
LA
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Wind energy: from the movernent of airo The kinetic energy produce electrical energy
; n . R f t ~ Cok.... ... ,o cL. t Y \ c ; J ~ cki-
o.j-r.fL
Le.. ~ T C L ~ ~ ~ ~
Solar energy: the light and the heat is transformed nto electrical energy
[vvLP C ;; s.::.l...n., k ~
J
.J. uvt.,., ~ ~ ~
-e---.
. . J . . , ~ t ~
Biofuels: from plants and animal products, It can be biomass, bioliquids
or
biogases, It produces electrical energy
. O ( . D ~ ~ ~ ; ck- r o ~ ~ c ~ < ~ J ~
f 1..LcLk
s .:, 6z
o
rr.c\/:)Cl.. J 6 A o l : l , l . . . . . . ; : , . J . , . . ~ ':) b : o ~ a . : )
_ . _ ~ : q ~ . . . J o - < . . J ~ _
( ~ : . J . J ~ = - ~ ~ ~ _ ~ . Y . l I . ~ ? J ~
. ~ r 1 ~ r g > - : ~ - u r c e ~ ~ : c ~ - ~ ,Jo O ~ o 0 ( - . J ~ ~
they are limited: So-.- ~ ~
PetrQ. um.
r . J , w ~
l1's the source of the fuel oil, diesel fuel and petral that we use it Var heating and vehicles.
[./) Qa-, } - ~ - k . ck. k ~
..
.,ot......:-o.....
~
'J:.>le. J ~ ~ { J J ; . . v . / . ) C V T - < - - ~ e.-,..,
c . A - J ~ . : .
'0 . l . I k . : ; ~ ,
It s also use to produce electricity in power stations
$e... - ?C,-
i c ~ F =
r ~ ~
Coal
L-c;nJoo':
l1's used as fuel in industry and to produce eleGtricity in power stations
SeV\r:>c-.
. . c , , -o
< - = ~ ~ ~
~ k
( , , ~
OC '-
FJ.u-u;1
~ ~
j . , , , ~
Natural gas
GOr;>
A J c ~ - - r . a . J . .
l1's
a mixture
of
gases. . , . ~ . . . - - . . t , . , ~
< : y v ~
l1's used as fuel in ndustry, to produce electricity in power stations and for heating and cooking
$e. AN>e- c : . . . = , . . . . . ~ I . . . o , . . . . . . k v ~
.
.e . .. ~ ~ ~ . : ; . , - i l i - e t . ; ~ U ~ C-R-ltnal.,-:> J
c....o1eJc
~
< G > ~
Uranium ( ) . ; 1 . . , ~
i1's
used in nuclear power statiolls to produce heat in nuclear reactions
s.e... v.r:>c... ~ ~ =
/ 7 V . . ~ . . ,
r
cJ l- ('l"""O c.,..e-J...of\..e..,...... U 2 - G t ~ ~ '
.....
-
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; H OW A - W E P R O T E C T O - ; ~ ~
C O M ~ o pOE:
\'-tOS f ~ o l L G ~
rJUES ilZa
pl.-ANrTA
Use non-renewable energy sources causes two problems: b L N\r >O ck N..-
2. F ~ G \ - o : : > ;
1- These sources are limited
~
I :n - - .
L . . ; ~
.
2- They produce pollution ( global warming and acid rain)
c o . . j . ~
(
? ~ ~ ~ ~ crh:.J. J ~ ,
I ,Q
~ o \ J ~ - - - : > C - C V ~
The three Rs protect the environment
La..--: . t ~
R' l '= t ; , _ ~ d ~ L o
-Reduce: buying things with a little paekagng ~ 1 : C o ~ c . . ~ . ~ 0.. - ~ ~ F - ~ u :
-Reuse: use glass, metal and plastie eontainers again and again
+ n ,\._'_1:__ -
J v.-.-.e ' ;:)
, 'Cl.
, J . ~
..
R..uJJ0 lt ..11 ; ~ l J . ~ ~ r : : > de- i
-Recycle: separate rubbish in the correet bin
~ -
~ . . r < . = . . n
L
b c ~ - ~
- - ~