energy EU - European Commission 2.6.3 Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer 94 2.7 Solar...

Energy

StatiStical pocketbook 2017

energyin figures

EU

ISSN 2363-247X

Printed by Bietlot in Belgium

Manuscript completed in 07/2017

Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of the following information.

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017

European Union, 2017 Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The reuse policy of European Commission documents is regulated by Decision 2011/833/EU (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39).Credits all images ShutterstockFor any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EU copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders.

Print ISBN 978-92-79-70448-2 ISSN 1977-4559 doi:10.2833/16497 MJ-AB-17-001-EN-C

PDF ISBN 978-92-79-70449-9 ISSN 2363-247X doi:10.2833/80717 MJ-AB-17-001-EN-N

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1

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2017

Introduction The energy sector is one of the pillars of growth, competitiveness and development for modern economies. To keep up with the ongoing trans-formation of the energy sector in Europe, we need data that is accurate and up-to-date.

This publication provides an overview of the most relevant annual energy-related statistics for the European Union as a whole and for each of its Member States.

The data contained in this pocketbook is drawn from several sources: from the European Commissions services, from international organisations such as the European Environment Agency and the International Energy Agency and also from the European Commissions estimates when other data is unavailable.

The publication is divided into five parts:Part 1. Energy overview at global and EU levels.Part 2. Main energy indicators, at EU and Member States levels.Part 3. Socio-economic indicators in the EU.Part 4. Impact of the energy sector on the environment.Part 5. Country profiles Main energy indicators.

Indicators have been calculated using the methodology established by the European Commission DG Energy. The appendices include a glossary and methodological notes.

This publication was produced using the most recently available data. Corrections and updates will be published at: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/data-analysis/energy-statistical-pocketbook

Recommended sources of data:European Commission websites:

DG EnergyPocketbook: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/data-analysis/energy-statistical-pocketbookCountry statistics: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/data-analysis/countryEnergy data and analysis: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/data-analysis

EurostatEurostat Database: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database

DG Economic and Financial AffairsAMECO: http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/db_indicators/ameco/index_en.htm

DG Climate ActionClimate strategies, targets and progress reports:http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/strategies/index_en.htm

Websites of other organisations:

European Environment AgencyData and maps: http://www.eea.europa.eu/

International Energy AgencyStatistics and balances: http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp

Please send your comments on this publication and suggestions for improvement to [email protected], with the word Pocketbook in the subject line.

http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/data-analysis/energy-statistical-pocketbookhttp://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/data-analysis/energy-statistical-pocketbookhttp://www.eea.europa.euhttp://www.iea.org/stats/index.aspmailto:[email protected]

2

Statistical pocketbook 2017

Summary

PART 1 Overview

1.1 Energy in the World (Overview) 101.1.1 World Energy Production by Region 10

1.1.2 World Energy Production by Fuel 11

1.1.3 World Gross Inland Consumption by Region 12

1.1.4 World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel 13

1.1.5 World Final Energy Consumption by Region 14

1.1.6 World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel 15

1.1.7 World Electricity Generation by Fuel 16

1.1.8 World Heat Generation by Fuel 17

1.1.9 World CO2 Emissions by Region 18

1.1.10 World CO2 Intensity by Region 19

1.2 Energy in the EU (Overview) 201.2.1 EU-28 Energy Flow 1995 20

1.2.2 EU-28 Energy Flow 2015 21

1.2.3 EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption 22

1.2.4 EU-28 Energy Import Dependency 24

1.2.5 EU-28 Energy Import Dependency Net Imports 25

1.2.6 EU-28 Imports by Country of Origin 26

1.3 EU 2020 Targets 271.3.1 Renewable Energy Targets 27

1.3.2 Renewable Energy Shares 29

1.3.3 GHG Emissions Targets 30

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.1 Energy Supply 352.1.1 Production 35

2.1.2 Net Imports 38

2.1.3 Gross Inland Consumption 41

2.2 Energy Imports 452.2.1 Imports Solid Fuels 45

2.2.2 Imports Petroleum and Products 50

2.2.3 Imports Gases 55

2.2.4 Imports Electricity 59

2.2.5 Imports by Country of Origin 63

3


2.3 Energy Import Dependency 662.3.1 Import Dependency All Fuels 66

2.3.2 Import Dependency By Fuel 67

2.3.3 Import Dependency Solid Fuels 68

2.3.4 Import Dependency Hard Coal 69

2.3.5 Import Dependency Petroleum and Products 70

2.3.6 Import Dependency Crude and NGL 71

2.3.7 Import Dependency Natural Gas 72

2.4 Energy Transformation 732.4.1 Transformation Input All Fuels 73

2.4.2 Transformation Input By Fuel 74

2.4.3 Transformation Input By Sector 75

2.4.4 Transformation Output All Fuels 76

2.4.5 Transformation Output By Fuel 77

2.4.6 Transformation Output By Sector 78

2.5 Final Energy 792.5.1 Primary Energy Consumption 79

2.5.2 Available for Final Consumption 80

2.5.3 Final Non-Energy Consumption 81

2.5.4 Final Energy Consumption 82

2.6 Electricity 862.6.1 Installed Electricity Capacity 86

2.6.2 Gross Electricity Generation 89

2.6.3 Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer 94

2.7 Solar and Wind Energy 952.7.1 Solar and Wind Energy Cumulative Capacity 95

2.7.2 Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity 97

2.7.3 Wind Gross Electricity Production 99

2.7.4 Wind Penetration Level 100

2.7.5 Wind Capacity Factor 101

2.7.6 Solar Collectors Surface 102

2.7.7 Solar Installed Capacity 103

2.7.8 Solar Gross Electricity Production 104

2.7.9 Solar Penetration Level 105

4


2.8 CHP 1062.8.1 CHP Electricity 106

2.8.2 CHP Heat 107

2.8.3 CHP Electricity and Heat 108

2.9 Heat 1092.9.1 Gross Heat Generation 109

2.10 Transport 1122.10.1 Fuels Final Consumption 112

2.10.2 Biofuels 113

2.11 Energy Efficiency 1152.11.1 Energy Intensity 115

2.11.2 Energy Consumption per Capita 116

2.11.3 Final Electricity Consumption per Capita 117

2.11.4 Primary Energy Intensity 118

2 .11 .5 Carbon Intensity 119

2.12 RES Indicators 1202.12.1 RES Shares 120

2.13 Energy Prices 1232.13.1 Prices of Transport Fuels 123

2.13.2 Fuel Prices Domestic Consumers 126

2.13.3 Fuel Prices Industrial Consumers 128

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

3.1 Classification of the Energy Sector 1343.1.1 Comparative Table 134

3.2 Enterprises in the Energy Sector 1353.2.1 Number of Enterprises in the Energy Sector 135

3.2.2 Turnover in the Energy Sector 139

3.2.3 Number of Persons Declared as Employed in the Energy Sector 143

3.3 Economy 1473.3.1 GDP at Current Market Prices 147

3.3.2 GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices 148

3.3.3 GDP at 2010 Market Prices 149

3.3.4 GDP per Capita at 2010 Market Prices 150

5


3.4 Demography 1513.4.1 Population 151

3.5 Employment 1523.5.1 Total Persons Employed in the Energy Sector (15-64 years) 152

3.5.2 Employment Rate in all Economic Sectors 153

3.5.3 Unemployment Rate in all Economic Sectors 154

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU

4.1 Gases Emissions 1584.1.1 GHGs Emissions 158

4.1.2 CO2 Emissions 163

4.2 Main Emissions Indicators 1684.2.1 CO2 per Capita 168

4.2.2 Carbon GDP Intensity 169

PART 5 Country Profiles5.0 European Union 28 174

5.1 Belgium 176

5.2 Bulgaria 178

5.3 Czech Republic 180

5.4 Denmark 182

5.5 Germany 184

5.6 Estonia 186

5.7 Ireland 188

5.8 Greece 190

5.9 Spain 192

5.10 France 194

5.11 Croatia 196

5.12 Italy 198

5.13 Cyprus 200

5.14 Latvia 202

5.15 Lithuania 204

6


5.16 Luxembourg 206

5.17 Hungary 208

5.18 Malta 210

5.19 The Netherlands 212

5.20 Austria 214

5.21 Poland 216

5.22 Portugal 218

5.23 Romania 220

5.24 Slovenia 222

5.25 Slovak Republic 224

5.26 Finland 226

5.27 Sweden 228

5.28 United Kingdom 230

Appendices

Appendices Methodology 236Appendix 1 Country Nomenclature 236

Appendix 2 Main Indicators EN 237

Appendix 3 Main Indicators DE 238

Appendix 4 Main Indicators FR 239

Appendix 5 Main Products EN 240

Appendix 6 Main Products DE 241

Appendix 7 Main Products FR 242

Appendix 8 Symbols and Abbreviations 243

Appendix 9 SI Units Prefixes 244

Appendix 10 Conversion Factors 245

Appendix 11 Average Calorific Values 246

Appendix Glossary 247Appendix 12 Glossary 247

Appendix Notes 257Appendix 13 Notes 257

Notes 262

1paRtOverview

paRt 1 Overview

9


Summary

1.1 Energy in the World (Overview) 101.1.1 World Energy Production by Region 10

1.1.2 World Energy Production by Fuel 11

1.1.3 World Gross Inland Consumption by Region 12

1.1.4 World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel 13

1.1.5 World Final Energy Consumption by Region 14

1.1.6 World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel 15

1.1.7 World Electricity Generation by Fuel 16

1.1.8 World Heat Generation by Fuel 17

1.1.9 World CO2 Emissions by Region 18

1.1.10 World CO2 Intensity by Region 19

1.2 Energy in the EU (Overview) 201.2.1 EU-28 Energy Flow 1995 20

1.2.2 EU-28 Energy Flow 2015 21

1.2.3 EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption 22

1.2.4 EU-28 Energy Import Dependency 24

1.2.5 EU-28 Energy Import Dependency Net Imports 25

1.2.6 EU-28 Imports by Country of Origin 26

1.3 EU 2020 Targets 271.3.1 Renewable Energy Targets 27

1.3.2 Renewable Energy Shares 29

1.3.3 GHG Emissions Targets 30

10

PART 1 Overview

3 000

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

0

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Mtoe

* non oecD and oecD asia, excluding china

Source: iea, august 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 No 1

1.1 Energy in the World (Overview)

1.1.1 World Energy Production by Region (Mtoe)

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2015 (%)eU-28 967 950 909 843 771 56 %

china 1 064 1 124 1 671 2 236 2 496 181 %United States 1 659 1 667 1 631 1 723 2 019 146 %Middle east 1 137 1 324 1 516 1 624 1 884 137 %asia* 934 1 062 1 248 1 484 1 568 114 %Russia 968 978 1 203 1 279 1 334 97 %africa 773 885 1 087 1 173 1 118 81 %Rest of the World 1 760 2 038 2 287 2 438 2 601 189 %World 9 263 10 028 11 554 12 799 13 790 1000 %

United StatesMiddle East

EU-28

Asia*

China

RussiaAfricaRest of the World

18.1 %

13.7 %

14.6 %9.7 %

11.4 %

8.1 %

18.9 %5.6 %

TOTAl 2015: 13 790 Mtoe

China Middle East RussiaAsia* AfricaEU-28 United States

Rest of the World

11


1.1.2 World Energy Production by Fuel (Mtoe)

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2015 (%)petroleum and products 3 397 3 703 4 045 4 082 4 416 320 %Solid Fuels 2 220 2 278 2 997 3 663 3 872 281 %Gas 1 811 2 064 2 370 2 715 2 976 216 %Renewables 1 211 1 287 1 398 1 590 1 819 132 %Nuclear 608 676 722 719 671 49 %other 17 21 21 31 37 03 %total 9 263 10 028 11 554 12 799 13 790 1000 %


32.0 %

28.1 %

21.6 %

13.2 %

4.9 %

TOTAl 2015: 13 790 Mtoe

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

0

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Mtoe

Solid FuelsNuclear

Petroleum and ProductsRenewables

GasOther

Solid Fuels

Nuclear

Petroleum and Products

RenewablesGas

Other (0.3 %)

12

PART 1 Overview

1.1.3 World Gross Inland Consumption by Region

(Mtoe)

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2015 (%)eU-28 1 649 1 695 1 794 1 726 1 586 116 %

china 1 055 1 143 1 794 2 550 2 987 219 %United States 2 067 2 273 2 319 2 215 2 188 160 %asia* 1 521 1 761 1 983 2 291 2 495 183 %Russia 637 619 652 688 710 52 %africa 444 496 600 695 788 58 %Middle east 307 354 469 624 729 53 %Rest of the World 1 549 1 686 1 890 2 083 2 165 159 %World 9 228 10 028 11 499 12 873 13 647 1000 %



United States

Middle East

EU-28

Asia*

China

RussiaAfrica

Rest of the World

21.9 %

16.0 %

5.8 %

5.2 %

18.3 %

5.3 %

15.9 %11.6 %

TOTAl 2015: 13 647 Mtoe

3 500

3 000

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

0

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

China Middle EastRussiaAsia* Africa

EU-28 United StatesRest of the World

Mtoe

13


1.1.4 World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel (Mtoe)

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2015 (%)petroleum and products 3 376 3 660 4 005 4 142 4 334 318 %Solid Fuels 2 208 2 311 2 993 3 654 3 836 281 %Gas 1 807 2 071 2 360 2 736 2 944 216 %Renewables 1 212 1 288 1 398 1 591 1 823 134 %

Hydro* 213 225 252 296 334 25 %Geothermal* 39 52 54 63 74 05 %Solar/Wind/other* 4 8 17 48 126 09 %biofuels and Waste* 972 1 023 1 096 1 213 1 323 97 %

Nuclear 608 676 722 719 671 49 %other 16 21 21 31 40 03 %total 9 228 10 028 11 499 12 873 13 647 1000 %

* partial disaggregation of the Renewables group Waste also includes non-ReS wastes

Source: iea, august 2017 Methodology and Notes:See Appendix 13 No 1

31.8 %

28.1 %

21.6 %

13.4 %

4.9 %

TOTAl 2015: 13 647 Mtoe

5 0004 5004 0003 5003 0002 5002 0001 5001 000

5000

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Mtoe

Solid FuelsNuclear


GasOther

Solid Fuels

Nuclear


RenewablesGas

Other (0.3 %)

14

PART 1 Overview

1.1.5 World Final Energy Consumption by Region

(Mtoe)

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2015 (%)eU-28 1 133 1 180 1 243 1 208 1 114 119 %

china 788 791 1 192 1 587 1 915 204 %United States 1 378 1 546 1 563 1 512 1 520 162 %asia* 1 076 1 211 1 357 1 548 1 716 183 %africa 324 369 437 508 573 61 %Russia 458 418 412 447 457 49 %Middle east 202 241 313 416 475 51 %Rest of the World 1 180 1 281 1 420 1 554 1 614 172 %World 6 539 7 036 7 937 8 781 9 384 1000 %



United States

Middle East

EU-28

Asia*

China

RussiaAfrica

Rest of the World

20.4 %

16.2 %

4.9 %

6.1 %

18.3 %

5.1 %

17.2 % 11.9 %

TOTAl 2015: 9 384 Mtoe

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

0

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

China Middle EastRussiaAsia*

EU-28Rest of the World

Mtoe

AfricaUnited States

15


1.1.6 World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel (Mtoe)

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2015 (%)petroleum and products 2 797 3 115 3 438 3 597 3 840 409 %Solid Fuels 662 548 792 1 005 1 044 111 %Gas 1 006 1 117 1 190 1 337 1 401 149 %Renewables 848 910 950 1 021 1 082 115 %electricity 936 1 092 1 302 1 540 1 737 185 %Heat 287 248 260 274 271 29 %other 3 7 5 7 9 01 %total 6 539 7 036 7 937 8 781 9 384 1000 %


40.9 %

11.1 %

11.5 %

14.9 %

18.5 %

2.9 %

TOTAl 2015: 9 384 Mtoe

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

0

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Mtoe

Solid FuelsHeat


Gas

OtherElectricity

Solid Fuels

ElectricityHeat


RenewablesGas

Other (0.1 %)

16

PART 1 Overview

1.1.7 World Electricity Generation by Fuel (TWh)

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2015 (%)Solid Fuels 4 992 6 005 7 335 8 664 9 538 393 %petroleum and products 1 279 1 252 1 178 982 990 41 %Gas 2 022 2 753 3 702 4 828 5 543 229 %Renewables 2 637 2 837 3 295 4 209 5 534 228 %

Hydro* 2 479 2 619 2 935 3 443 3 888 160 %Solar/Wind/other* 10 35 120 387 1 111 46 %biofuels and Waste* 131 164 227 372 528 22 %Geothermal* 40 52 58 68 80 03 %

Nuclear 2 332 2 591 2 768 2 756 2 571 106 %other 24 34 46 62 78 03 %total 13 285 15 471 18 324 21 502 24 255 1000 %



TOTAl 2015: 24 255 TWh

TWh

39.3 %

4.1 %

22.8 %

22.9 %

10.6 %

Solid Fuels

Nuclear


RenewablesGas

Other (0.3 %)

10 000

8 000

6 000

4 000

2 000

0

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Solid FuelsNuclearPetroleum and Products

RenewablesGasOther

17


1.1.8 World Heat Generation by Fuel (PJ)

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2015 (%)Gas 7 157 6 232 6 654 6 588 5 703 416 %Solid Fuels 4 367 4 332 4 720 5 456 5 941 433 %petroleum and products 1 939 1 160 965 843 602 44 %Renewables 254 296 395 584 710 52 %

Geothermal* 17 18 24 26 34 02 %Solar/Wind/other* 9 12 386 347 367 27 %biofuels and Waste* 345 414 530 781 940 69 %

Nuclear 20 19 21 27 26 02 %other 162 203 601 635 729 53 %total 13 900 12 242 13 355 14 135 13 711 1000 %



TOTAl 2015: 13 711 PJ

PJ

41.6 %

4.4 %

43.3 %

5.2 %5.3 %

Solid Fuels

Nuclear (0.2 %)


Gas

Other

8 0007 0006 0005 0004 0003 0002 0001 000

0

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Solid FuelsNuclear


GasOther

18

PART 1 Overview

10 0009 0008 0007 0006 0005 0004 0003 0002 0001 000

0

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Mio ton CO2

1.1.9 World CO2 Emissions* by Region (Mio ton CO2)

1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2014 (%)eU-28 4 012 4 036 4 205 3 898 3 425 102 %

china 2 951 3 159 5 459 7 848 9 222 275 %United States 5 211 5 790 5 854 5 496 5 290 158 %asia** 3 275 3 836 4 412 5 221 5 925 177 %Middle east 816 951 1 229 1 595 1 846 55 %Russian Federation 1 562 1 488 1 497 1 552 1 532 46 %africa 614 700 899 1 041 1 148 34 %Rest of the World 3 639 4 038 4 480 4 926 5 124 153 %World 22 080 23 997 28 034 31 576 33 511 1000 %

* contains co2 emissions from fuel combustion and international maritime and aviation bunkers** non oecD and oecD asia, excluding china


United States

Middle East

EU-28

Asia**

China

Russian FederationAfricaRest of the World

27.5 %

15.8 %

4.6 %

5.5 %

17.7 %

3.4 %

15.3 % 10.2 %

TOTAl 2014: 33 289 Mio ton CO2

China Middle EastRussian FederationAsia**

EU-28Rest of the WorldAfrica

United States

19


3 500

3 000

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

0

1.1.10 World CO2 Intensity* by Region (Kg CO2 per toe Average)

1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014eU-28 2 433 2 381 2 344 2 258 2 221 2 186

china 2 797 2 763 3 043 3 078 3 119 3 107United States 2 521 2 547 2 525 2 481 2 395 2 386asia** 2 153 2 178 2 225 2 279 2 386 2 406Middle east 2 661 2 689 2 624 2 556 2 616 2 558Russia 2 454 2 402 2 297 2 255 2 180 2 114africa 1 383 1 412 1 499 1 498 1 489 1 481Rest of the World 2 350 2 395 2 371 2 364 2 368 2 363World 2 393 2 393 2 438 2 453 2 474 2 463

* per Unit of Gross inland consumption** non oecD and oecD asia, excluding china


United StatesAsia**

EU-28China

Middle EastRussia

AfricaRest of the World

World

WORlD AvERAGE 2014: 2 463 Kg CO2 per toe

3 500

3 000

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

China Middle EastRussiaAsia**

EU-28Rest of the World

Kg CO2 per toe

AfricaUnited States

20

PART 1 Overview

1.2 Energy in the EU (Overview)1.2.1 EU-28 Energy Flow 1995 (Mtoe)

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Cons

. A

gric

ultu

re/F

ores

try:

31.

1

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Cons

umpt

ion

Fi

shin

g: 1

.4

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Cons

umpt

ion

No

n-sp

ecifi

ed: 1

2.2

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Cons

umpt

ion

Se

rvic

es: 1

14.3

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Cons

umpt

ion

In

dust

ry: 3

31.6

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Cons

umpt

ion

Tr

ansp

ort:

306.

8

Net

Impo

rts:

736.

8

Direct U

se: 5.4

Stock

Change

s: 9.2

Intern

ationa

l Mari

ne Bu

nkers:

34.9

Distrib

ution

Losses

: 26.6

Consu

mptio

n in En

ergy S

ector:

87.4

Transfor

mation

Losses: 3

70.7

Fina

l Non

-Ene

rgy

Cons

umpt

ion:

107

.4

Tota

lPr

oduc

tion

:96

9.3

Gro

ss In

land

Co

nsum

ptio

n:1

675

Tran

sfor

mat

ion

Inpu

t: 1

416.

1Tr

ansf

orm

atio

nO

utpu

t: 1

026.

6

Non

-Tra

nsfo

rmed

Ene

rgy

Fina

lEn

ergy

Co

nsum

ptio

n:

1 08

2.8

Supp

lyD

eman

dIn

term

edia

ryFi

nal

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Cons

umpt

ion

Re

side

ntia

l: 28

5.5

Avai

labl

e fo

r Fi

nal

Cons

umpt

ion:

1

193.

1

Source: eurostat, May 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 No 1

21


1.2.2 EU-28 Energy Flow 2015 (Mtoe)

Fina

l Ene

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Cons

. A

gric

ultu

re/F

ores

try:

23.

4

Fina

l Ene

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Cons

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Fi

shin

g: 1

.2

Fina

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No

n-sp

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.8

Fina

l Ene

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Cons

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Se

rvic

es: 1

46.9

Fina

l Ene

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Cons

umpt

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In

dust

ry: 2

74.7

Fina

l Ene

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Cons

umpt

ion

Tr

ansp

ort:

358.

6

Net

Impo

rts:

902.

1

Direct U

se: 10.7

Stock

Change

s: 3.7

Intern

ationa

l Mari

ne Bu

nkers:

42.1

Distrib

ution

Losses

: 25.5

Consu

mptio

n in En

ergy S

ector:

81.1

Transfor

mation

Losses:

341.4

Fina

l Non

-Ene

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Cons

umpt

ion:

96.

8

Tota

lPr

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:78

1.9

Gro

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Co

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627.

5

Tran

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Inpu

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416.

1Tr

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2.8

Non

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Fina

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Co

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1 08

4Fi

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Resi

dent

ial:

275.

2

Supp

lyD

eman

dIn

term

edia

ryFi

nal

Avai

labl

e fo

r Fi

nal

Cons

umpt

ion:

1

182.

4


22

PART 1 Overview

Solid FuelsNuclear Heat


Renewables

Gas

Waste, Non-Renewable (0 %)

Solid FuelsNuclear Heat


Renewables

Gas

Waste, Non-Renewable

39 %

20 %

22 %

14 %

5 %

34%

22%

16 %

14 %

13 %1 %

1.2.3 EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption EnERGy MIx (%) PRIMARy PRODuCTs Only

TOTAl PRIMARy 2015: 1 626.2 Mtoe(Total Primary and Secondary 2015: 1 627.5 Mtoe)

TOTAl PRIMARy 1995: 1 673.2 Mtoe(Total Primary and Secondary 1995: 1 675 Mtoe)


23


1.2.3 EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption EnERGy MIx* 2015 (%)

* primary products only


UK

SE

FI

SK

SI

RO

PT

PL

AT

NL

MT

HU

LU

LT

LV

CY

IT

HR

FR

ES

EL

IE

EE

DE

DK

CZ

BG

BE

EU-28

0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100 %

0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100 %

Solid Fuels Nuclear HeatPetroleum and ProductsRenewables

GasWaste, Non-Renewable

24

PART 1 Overview


1.2.4 EU-28 Energy Import Dependency By FuEl (%)

1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015total 431 467 521 526 534 540

Solid Fuels 215 306 394 394 457 428of which Hard coal 297 426 557 579 680 641

petroleum and products 741 757 821 845 875 888of which crude and NGl 730 744 813 846 879 884

Natural Gas 433 488 571 622 673 691

1995-2015 (%)

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %total Solid Fuels of which

Hard coalpetroleum

and productsof which

crude and NGl

Natural Gas

2000

20142010

1995

2005

2015

25


1.2.5 EU-28 Energy Import Dependency Net Imports

2015

EnERGy IMPORT DEPEnDEnCy (%) nET IMPORTs (Mtoe)


UK

SE

FI

SK

SI

RO

PT

PL

AT

NL

MT

HU

LU

LT

LV

CY

IT

HR

FR

ES

EL

IE

EE

DE

DK

CZ

BG

BE

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

UK

SE

FI

SK

SI

RO

PT

PL

AT

NL

MT

HU

LU

LT

LV

CY

IT

HR

FR

ES

EL

IE

EE

DE

DK

CZ

BG

BE

0 40 80 120 160 200

0 40 80 120 160 200

26

PART 1 Overview

Other non-EU suppliers

Canada

Indonesia

Not Specified

South Africa

Australia

United States

Colombia

Russia


Algeria

Azerbaijan

Kazakhstan

Iraq

Soudi Arabia

Nigeria

Norway

Russia


Trinidad & Tobago

Nigeria

Libya

Not specified

Qatar

Algeria

Norway

Russia

1.2.6 EU-28 Imports by Country of Origin

Eu-28 IMPORTs* OF nATuRAl GAs 2015total non-eU = 12 624 717 tJ-GcV

Eu-28 IMPORTs* OF CRuDE OIl 2015total non-eU = 526 776 kton

Eu-28 IMPORTs* OF sOlID FuEls 2015total non-eU = 216 921 kton

37.0 %

29.1 %

29.1 %

32.5 %

12.0 %

24.0 %

11.1 %

8.4 %

9.1 %

7.7 %

7.9 %

7.8 %

6.3 %

7.6 %

6.4 %

2.1 %

6.5 %

3.5 %

2.1 %

5.2 %

1.6 %

0.6 %

4.3 %

15.8 %

0.5 %

19.0 %

2.7 %

* From non-eU suppliers and as a share of total non-eU imports


27


* in % of the Gross Final energy consumption

Source: eurostat-SHaReS, March 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 No 1

1.3 EU 2020 Targets1.3.1 Renewable Energy Targets

2015 Renewable Energy Shares

Indi

cati

ve T

raje

ctor

y 20

15/2

016

2020

RES

Tar

get

% RES

Tra

nspo

rt

RES

Elec

tric

ity

RES

Hea

ting

an

d Co

olin

g

Ove

rall

RES

Shar

e

eU-28 67 288 186 167 na 200

be 38 154 76 79 71 130bG 65 191 286 182 124 160cZ 65 141 198 151 92 130Dk 67 513 396 308 229 300De 68 307 129 146 113 180ee 04 151 496 286 212 250ie 65 252 64 92 89 160el 14 221 259 154 119 180eS 17 369 168 162 138 200FR 85 188 198 152 160 230HR 35 454 386 290 159 200it 64 335 192 175 105 170cY 25 84 225 94 74 130lV 39 522 518 376 359 400lt 46 155 461 258 186 230lU 65 62 69 50 54 110HU 62 73 213 145 82 130Mt 47 42 141 50 45 100Nl 53 111 55 58 76 140at 114 703 320 330 281 340pl 64 134 143 118 107 150pt 74 526 334 280 252 310Ro 55 432 259 248 206 240Si 22 327 341 220 201 250Sk 85 227 108 129 100 140Fi 220 325 528 393 328 380Se 240 658 686 539 439 490Uk 44 224 55 82 75 150

*

28

PART 1 Overview

1.3.1 Renewable Energy Targets OvERAll REnEWABlE EnERGy shARE 2015 (%)

* in Gross Final energy consumption


UK

SE

FI

SK

SI

RO

PT

PL

AT

NL

MT

HU

LU

LT

LV

CY

IT

HR

FR

ES

EL

IE

EE

DE

DK

CZ

BG

BE

EU-28

0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 %

0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 %

*

Overall RES Share 2015Indicative Trajectory 2015/20162020 RES Target

29


1.3.2 Renewable Energy Shares REs shAREs In hEATInG AnD COOlInG, ElECTRICITy, AnD TRAnsPORT 2015 (%)

* in Gross Final energy consumption


UK

SE

FI

SK

SI

RO

PT

PL

AT

NL

MT

HU

LU

LT

LV

CY

IT

HR

FR

ES

EL

IE

EE

DE

DK

CZ

BG

BE

EU-28

0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 %

0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 %

*

RES Heating and Cooling 2015

RES in Transport 2015RES Electricity 2015

30

PART 1 Overview

1.3.3 GHG Emissions Targets EMIssIOns COMPARED TO 1990

Index 100=1990 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015eU-28 1000 941 922 935 859 774 779

be 1000 1057 1036 999 918 794 818bG 1000 722 571 616 583 556 594cZ 1000 794 756 749 708 642 649Dk 1000 1111 1014 956 910 742 707De 1000 899 841 804 765 735 734ee 1000 500 429 477 525 523 447ie 1000 1066 1240 1268 1120 1049 1092el 1000 1059 1221 1316 1145 968 934eS 1000 1142 1349 1539 1259 1153 1194FR 1000 998 1019 1024 950 846 854HR 1000 713 804 934 873 740 754it 1000 1024 1070 1123 981 825 845cY 1000 1235 1441 1597 1638 1447 1445lV 1000 485 396 435 476 437 441lt 1000 463 406 479 432 415 420lU 1000 810 808 1088 1026 914 889HU 1000 805 786 811 701 619 653Mt 1000 1115 1166 1265 1280 1257 992Nl 1000 1058 1016 997 993 878 914at 1000 1018 1032 1187 1093 983 1016pl 1000 939 835 853 872 821 828pt 1000 1173 1383 1449 1180 1102 1179Ro 1000 736 569 594 491 470 477Si 1000 1007 1028 1103 1055 895 907Sk 1000 731 670 692 627 547 556Fi 1000 1006 983 980 1069 845 796Se 1000 1031 968 943 914 769 766Uk 1000 947 914 896 796 687 664

*

* emissions of the kyoto basket of GHG


2paRtEnergy in the Eu

paRt 2 Energy in the Eu

33


Summary

2.1 Energy Supply 352.1.1 Production 35

2.1.2 Net Imports 38

2.1.3 Gross Inland Consumption 41

2.2 Energy Imports 452.2.1 Imports Solid Fuels 45

2.2.2 Imports Petroleum and Products 50

2.2.3 Imports Gases 55

2.2.4 Imports Electricity 59

2.2.5 Imports by Country of Origin 63

2.3 Energy Import Dependency 662.3.1 Import Dependency All Fuels 66

2.3.2 Import Dependency By Fuel 67

2.3.3 Import Dependency Solid Fuels 68

2.3.4 Import Dependency Hard Coal 69

2.3.5 Import Dependency Petroleum and Products 70

2.3.6 Import Dependency Crude and NGL 71

2.3.7 Import Dependency Natural Gas 72

2.4 Energy Transformation 732.4.1 Transformation Input All Fuels 73

2.4.2 Transformation Input By Fuel 74

2.4.3 Transformation Input By Sector 75

2.4.4 Transformation Output All Fuels 76

2.4.5 Transformation Output By Fuel 77

2.4.6 Transformation Output By Sector 78

2.5 Final Energy 792.5.1 Primary Energy Consumption 79

2.5.2 Available for Final Consumption 80

2.5.3 Final Non-Energy Consumption 81

2.5.4 Final Energy Consumption 82

2.6 Electricity 862.6.1 Installed Electricity Capacity 86

2.6.2 Gross Electricity Generation 89

2.6.3 Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer 94

34


2.7 Solar and Wind Energy 952.7.1 Solar and Wind Energy Cumulative Capacity 95

2.7.2 Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity 97

2.7.3 Wind Gross Electricity Production 99

2.7.4 Wind Penetration Level 100

2.7.5 Wind Capacity Factor 101

2.7.6 Solar Collectors Surface 102

2.7.7 Solar Installed Capacity 103

2.7.8 Solar Gross Electricity Production 104

2.7.9 Solar Penetration Level 105

2.8 CHP 1062.8.1 CHP Electricity 106

2.8.2 CHP Heat 107

2.8.3 CHP Electricity and Heat 108

2.9 Heat 1092.9.1 Gross Heat Generation 109

2.10 Transport 1122.10.1 Fuels Final Consumption 112

2.10.2 Biofuels 113

2.11 Energy Efficiency 1152.11.1 Energy Intensity 115

2.11.2 Energy Consumption per Capita 116

2.11.3 Final Electricity Consumption per Capita 117

2.11.4 Primary Energy Intensity 118

2 .11 .5 Carbon Intensity 119

2.12 RES Indicators 1202.12.1 RES Shares 120

2.13 Energy Prices 1232.13.1 Prices of Transport Fuels 123

2.13.2 Fuel Prices Domestic Consumers 126

2.13.3 Fuel Prices Industrial Consumers 128

35


2.1 Energy Supply2.1.1 Production All FuEls

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015eU-28 9693 9521 9146 8516 7883 7819index 1995 100 % 98 % 94 % 88 % 81 % 81 %


PRODuCTIOn All FuEls 1990-2015 (Mtoe)

1 200

1 000

800

600

400

200

0

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

* primary production and Receipt, production from other Sources and Recycled products


*

EU-28

36




2.1.1 Production * By FuEl

2015

Mtoe Nuc

lear

Solid

Fue

ls

Rene

wab

les

Gas

es

Petr

oleu

m

and

Prod

ucts

Was

tes,

N

on-R

enew

able

eU-28 2212 1454 2050 1079 893 130Share (%) 283 % 186 % 262 % 138 % 114 % 17 %


37


2.1.1 Production * By FuEl Eu-28 1990-2015 (Mtoe)

PRODuCTIOn By FuEl Eu-28 2015 (% OF TOTAl)

Total = 782 Mtoe



400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Solid FuelsNuclear


GasesWastes, Non-Renewable

Solid FuelsNuclear


RenewablesGases

Wastes, Non-Renewable

1.7 %

28.3 %

18.6 %26.2 %

13.8 %

11.4 %

38


2.1.2 Net Imports All FuEls

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015eU-28 73676 82710 98019 95373 88124 90212index 1995 100 % 112 % 133 % 129 % 120 % 122 %

be 4664 5050 5343 5356 4713 5063bG 1283 854 928 708 616 659cZ 860 941 1264 1159 1279 1354Dk 727 -737 -1013 -325 215 230De 19518 20471 20819 20199 19475 19602ee 181 163 150 087 062 048ie 777 1237 1377 1321 1168 1272el 1829 2215 2350 2172 1736 1881eS 7542 9934 12383 10634 9066 9443FR 11706 13408 14396 13195 11533 11684HR 285 408 515 439 359 412it 13450 15207 16037 14946 11612 12183cY 204 257 284 294 229 245lV 336 236 310 222 190 237lt 554 425 503 567 523 548lU 325 364 468 451 407 401HU 1255 1396 1742 1500 1412 1345Mt 084 146 163 237 205 223Nl 1732 3467 3758 2991 2960 4679at 1802 1901 2452 2157 2148 2021pl -116 877 1594 3153 2705 2802pt 1802 2207 2485 1859 1615 1830Ro 1403 799 1084 783 550 554Si 309 341 386 358 299 323Sk 1214 1200 1243 1126 986 964Fi 1591 1822 1895 1784 1706 1566Se 2043 2044 1946 1929 1599 1424Uk -3683 -3922 3161 6074 8758 7219

nET IMPORTs All FuEls 1990-2015 (Mtoe)


1 200

1 000

800

600

400

200

0

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

EU-28

39



2.1.2 Net Imports By FuEl

2015

Mtoe Net

impo

rts

Petr

oleu

m

and

Prod

ucts

Gas

es

Solid

Fue

ls

Rene

wab

les

Elec

tric

ity

eU-28 9021 5349 2473 1124 60 12Share (%) 100 % 593 % 274 % 125 % 07 % 01 %

be 5063 3118 1387 310 068 181bG 659 425 252 074 -002 -091cZ 1354 875 616 -029 -001 -108Dk 230 042 -138 147 123 051De 19602 10586 5868 3617 -053 -415ee 048 055 039 -001 -037 -008ie 1272 749 362 146 009 006el 1881 1502 267 016 013 083eS 9443 6070 2378 1036 -040 -001FR 11684 7865 3459 869 043 -551HR 412 262 056 062 -027 058it 12183 5283 5000 1232 269 399cY 245 242 000 000 003 000lV 237 179 108 004 -074 016lt 548 269 206 016 -006 062lU 401 262 077 005 009 048HU 1345 645 522 080 -022 118Mt 223 213 000 000 001 009Nl 4679 4417 -937 1230 -118 075at 2021 1125 499 271 041 087pl 2802 2335 995 -561 036 -003pt 1830 1101 407 321 -021 019Ro 554 489 016 103 004 -058Si 323 234 066 020 003 000Sk 964 299 369 277 -002 021Fi 1566 946 224 246 009 141Se 1424 1268 072 195 083 -194Uk 7219 2633 2560 1557 289 180

40



2.1.2 Net Imports By FuEl Eu-28 1990-2015 (Mtoe)

nET IMPORTs By FuEl Eu-28 2015 (% TOTAl)

Total = 902 Mtoe

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Solid FuelsElectricity

Petroleum and ProductsRenewablesGases

Wastes, Non-Renewable

Solid Fuels

Electricity (0.1 %)


Renewables (0.7 %)

Gases

Wastes, Non-Renewable (0 %)

59.3 %27.4 %

12.5 %

41


2.1.3 Gross Inland Consumption All FuEls

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015eU-28 1 67500 1 73011 1 83086 1 76437 1 60775 1 62748index 1995 100 % 103 % 109 % 105 % 96 % 97 %


GROss InlAnD COnsuMPTIOn All FuEls 1990-2015 (Mtoe)


2 000

1 500

1 000

500

0

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

EU-28

42



2.1.3 Gross Inland Consumption By FuEl

2015

Mtoe Pet

role

um

and

Prod

ucts

Gas

es

Solid

Fue

ls

Nuc

lear

Rene

wab

les

Was

te,

Non

-Ren

ewab

le

Elec

tric

ity

eU-28 5601 3579 2627 2212 2110 133 12Share (%) 344 % 220 % 161 % 136 % 130 % 08 % 01 %

be 2422 1397 318 673 363 068 181bG 420 260 662 398 199 003 -091cZ 896 648 1658 695 428 028 -108Dk 647 287 173 000 476 043 051De 10741 6515 7952 2368 3835 425 -415ee 112 039 385 000 091 007 -008ie 704 375 219 000 107 006 006el 1248 268 561 000 278 009 083eS 5200 2454 1324 1478 1662 025 -001FR 7826 3505 883 11284 2181 135 -551HR 328 208 061 000 196 001 058it 5716 5530 1230 000 2627 115 399cY 211 000 000 000 015 001 000lV 149 110 005 000 154 006 016lt 260 207 019 000 142 002 062lU 263 077 005 000 021 003 048HU 692 749 236 410 301 013 118Mt 065 000 000 000 002 000 009Nl 3120 2918 1094 105 364 080 075at 1196 688 318 000 965 073 087pl 2392 1378 4826 000 899 052 -003pt 1040 407 321 000 497 016 020Ro 910 893 591 300 597 007 -058Si 229 066 107 146 106 004 000Sk 334 388 328 395 158 019 021Fi 876 224 403 600 1049 024 141Se 1022 073 212 1454 1919 062 -194Uk 6994 6128 2380 1815 1474 104 180

43


2.1.3 Gross Inland Consumption REnEWABlEs

2015

Mtoe Ren

ewab

les

Biom

ass

and

Re

new

able

W

aste

s

Hyd

ro

Win

d

Sola

r

Geo

ther

mal

Tide

, Wav

e

and

Oce

an

eU-28 2110 1362 293 260 131 65 00Share (%) 130 % 84 % 18 % 16 % 08 % 04 % 00 %

be 363 284 003 048 029 000 000bG 199 121 049 013 014 003 000cZ 428 386 015 005 021 000 000Dk 476 346 000 122 009 000 000De 3835 2570 163 681 400 021 000ee 091 084 000 006 000 000 000ie 107 042 007 057 001 000 000el 278 131 052 040 053 001 000eS 1662 675 242 424 319 002 000FR 2181 1433 468 183 072 021 004HR 196 132 055 007 002 001 000it 2627 1345 392 128 216 547 000cY 015 005 000 002 008 000 000lV 154 137 016 001 000 000 000lt 142 131 003 007 001 000 000lU 021 018 001 001 001 000 000HU 301 281 002 006 002 011 000Mt 002 001 000 000 001 000 000Nl 364 280 001 065 012 006 000at 965 575 319 042 027 004 000pl 899 783 016 093 005 002 000pt 497 289 075 100 015 019 000Ro 597 374 143 061 017 003 000Si 106 065 033 000 003 004 000Sk 158 119 033 000 005 001 000Fi 1049 884 144 020 000 000 000Se 1919 1130 648 140 002 000 000Uk 1474 1003 054 347 070 000 000


44



2.1.3 Gross Inland Consumption By FuEl Eu-28 1990-2015 (Mtoe)

GROss InlAnD COnsuMPTIOn By FuEl Eu-28 2015 (% TOTAl)

Total = 1 627 Mtoe

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Solid FuelsPetroleum and ProductsRenewables

GasesWastes, Non-Renewable

Solid Fuels


Nuclear

Gases

Wastes, Non-RenewableRenewables

Nuclear

34.4 %

16.2 %

22.0 %

13.0 %

13.6 %

0.8 %

45


2.2 Energy Imports2.2.1 Imports Solid Fuels TOTAl

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015eU-28 1163 1317 1536 1362 1603 1515index 1995 100 % 113 % 132 % 117 % 138 % 130 %


IMPORTs sOlID FuEls TOTAl 1990-2015 (Mtoe)


200

150

100

50

0

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

EU-28

46


2.2.1 Imports Solid Fuels hARD COAl

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015eU-28 1059 1207 1441 1271 1513 1435index 1995 100 % 114 % 136 % 120 % 143 % 136 %


IMPORTs sOlID FuEls hARD COAl 1990-2015 (Mtoe)


200

150

100

50

0

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

EU-28

47


2.2.1 Imports Solid Fuels RAnKInG

Mtoe and % 1995 2015

top 10 Ranking MS imports eU-28 Share MS importseU-28 Share

Solid Fuels1 it 131 113 % De 375 247 %2 De 123 105 % Nl 343 226 %3 Nl 116 100 % Uk 159 105 %4 Uk 113 97 % it 126 83 %5 be 103 89 % eS 110 72 %6 FR 96 83 % FR 87 57 %7 eS 87 74 % pl 51 33 %8 Dk 77 66 % pt 32 21 %9 Sk 42 36 % be 32 21 %10 pt 39 33 % Sk 28 19 %

top 5 total 586 504 % 1112 734 %

total eU-28 1163 1000 % 1515 1000 %

Of which: Hard Coal1 it 126 119 % De 353 246 %2 Nl 111 104 % Nl 340 237 %3 Uk 109 103 % Uk 152 106 %4 De 95 90 % it 121 84 %5 be 94 89 % eS 107 75 %6 FR 89 84 % FR 83 58 %7 eS 81 76 % pl 49 34 %8 Dk 76 72 % pt 32 22 %9 pt 38 36 % be 27 19 %10 Fi 37 35 % Sk 25 18 %

top 5 total 534 505 % 1074 748 %

total eU-28 1059 1000 % 1435 1000 %


48


SE

FI

AT

CZ

SK

BE

PT

PL

FR

ES

IT

UK

NL

DE

0 10 20 30 40

2.2.1 Imports Solid Fuels By MEMBER sTATE TOP 14 IMPORTERs

1990-2015 (Mtoe)

2000

20142010

19901995

2005

2015


49


MT

CY

EE

LV

LU

EL

LT

SI

HR

BG

RO

HU

IE

DK

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

2.2.1 Imports Solid Fuels By MEMBER sTATE lEAsT 14 IMPORTERs

1990-2015 (Mtoe)

2000

20142010

19901995

2005

2015


50


2.2.2 Imports Petroleum and Products TOTAl

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015eU-28 8014 8680 9545 9143 8846 9341index 1995 100 % 108 % 119 % 114 % 110 % 117 %


IMPORTs PETROlEuM AnD PRODuCTs TOTAl 1990-2015 (Mtoe)


1 500

1 000

500

0

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

EU-28

51


2.2.2 Imports Petroleum and Products CRuDE AnD nGl

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015eU-28 5656 6098 6354 5729 5351 5671index 1995 100 % 108 % 112 % 101 % 95 % 100 %


IMPORTs PETROlEuM AnD PRODuCTs CRuDE AnD nGl 1990-2015 (Mtoe)


700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

EU-28

52


2.2.2 Imports Petroleum and Products RAnKInG

Mtoe and % 1995 2015

top 10 Ranking MS imports eU-28 Share MS importseU-28 Share

Petroleum and Products1 De 1468 183 % Nl 1559 167 %2 it 1067 133 % De 1282 137 %3 FR 1023 128 % FR 1001 107 %4 Nl 904 113 % Uk 845 90 %5 eS 675 84 % eS 836 89 %6 Uk 597 74 % it 811 87 %7 be 445 56 % be 602 64 %8 Se 269 34 % pl 317 34 %9 el 214 27 % el 314 34 %10 pt 180 22 % Se 281 30 %

top 5 total 5138 641 % 5521 591 %

total 8014 1000 % 9341 1000 %

Of which: Crude and NGL1 De 1024 181 % De 901 159 %2 FR 787 139 % eS 649 114 %3 it 738 131 % it 629 111 %4 Nl 611 108 % Nl 599 106 %5 eS 553 98 % FR 582 103 %6 Uk 419 74 % Uk 463 82 %7 be 262 46 % be 323 57 %8 Se 195 34 % pl 261 46 %9 el 155 27 % el 223 39 %10 pt 130 23 % Se 200 35 %

top 5 total 3713 656 % 3360 592 %

total 5656 1000 % 5671 1000 %


53


DK

AT

FI

PT

SE

EL

PL

BE

IT

ES

UK

FR

DE

NL

0 50 100 150 200


2.2.2 Imports Petroleum and Products By MEMBER sTATE TOP 14 IMPORTERs

1990-2015 (Mtoe)

2000

20142010

19901995

2005

2015

54


EE

CY

LU

MT

LV

SI

HR

SK

BG

HU

IE

RO

LT

CZ

0 5 10 15 20

2.2.2 Imports Petroleum and Products By MEMBER sTATE lEAsT 14 IMPORTERs

1990-2015 (Mtoe)

2000

20142010

19901995

2005

2015


55


2.2.3 Imports Gases TOTAl

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015eU-28 18018 24243 32375 36591 32042 34128index 1995 100 % 135 % 180 % 203 % 178 % 189 %


IMPORTs GAsEs TOTAl 1990-2015 (Mtoe)

400

300

200

100

0

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015


EU-28

56


2.2.3 Imports Gases RAnKInG

Mtoe and % 1995 2015

eU-28 Ranking MS imports eU-28 Share MS importseU-28 Share

Gases1 De 553 307 % De 859 252 %2 it 286 159 % it 502 147 %3 FR 281 156 % FR 395 116 %4 be 104 58 % Uk 376 110 %5 eS 75 42 % eS 282 83 %6 cZ 64 36 % Nl 272 80 %7 pl 58 32 % be 153 45 %8 HU 55 31 % pl 100 29 %9 at 55 30 % at 94 28 %10 Ro 48 27 % cZ 62 18 %11 bG 46 25 % HU 57 17 %12 Sk 45 25 % pt 41 12 %13 Fi 28 16 % Sk 37 11 %14 Nl 28 15 % ie 36 11 %15 lt 20 11 % el 27 08 %16 Uk 15 08 % bG 25 07 %17 lV 10 06 % Fi 22 07 %18 Se 08 04 % lt 21 06 %19 Si 08 04 % lV 11 03 %20 ee 06 03 % HR 09 03 %21 lU 06 03 % lU 08 02 %22 HR 02 01 % Se 07 02 %23 ie 01 00 % Si 07 02 %24 Dk 00 00 % Dk 06 02 %25 el 00 00 % ee 04 01 %26 cY 00 00 % Ro 02 00 %27 Mt 00 00 % cY 00 00 %28 pt 00 00 % Mt 00 00 %

top 5 total 1299 721 % 2414 707 %

total 1802 1000 % 3413 1000 %


57


IE

SK

PT

HU

CZ

AT

PL

BE

NL

ES

UK

FR

IT

DE

0 25 50 75 100

2.2.3 Imports Gases By MEMBER sTATE TOP 14 IMPORTERs

1990-2015 (Mtoe)

2000

20142010

19901995

2005

2015


58


MT

CY

RO

EE

DK

SI

SE

LU

HR

LV

LT

FI

BG

EL

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2.2.3 Imports Gases By MEMBER sTATE lEAsT 14 IMPORTERs

1990-2015 (Mtoe)


2000

20142010

19901995

2005

2015

59


2.2.4 Imports Electricity TOTAl

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015eU-28 170 229 288 257 333 353index 1995 100 % 135 % 170 % 151 % 196 % 208 %


IMPORTs ElECTRICITy TOTAl 1990-2015 (Mtoe)

40

30

20

10

0

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015


EU-28

60


2.2.4 Imports Electricity RAnKInG

Mtoe and % 1995 2015

eU-28 Ranking MS imports eU-28 Share MS importseU-28 Share

Electricity1 De 34 201 % it 44 124 %2 it 33 196 % De 32 90 %3 Uk 14 83 % Nl 26 75 %4 Nl 10 61 % at 25 72 %5 be 08 48 % be 20 58 %6 Fi 07 43 % Uk 20 55 %7 Se 07 39 % Fi 18 52 %8 eS 07 39 % HU 17 49 %9 at 06 37 % cZ 14 39 %10 cZ 06 34 % Dk 13 38 %11 lU 05 29 % Sk 13 37 %12 lt 05 27 % eS 13 36 %13 HR 04 22 % pl 12 35 %14 pl 04 22 % HR 11 32 %15 Dk 03 20 % el 10 27 %16 Sk 03 17 % FR 09 24 %17 HU 03 16 % Se 08 23 %18 FR 02 14 % Si 08 22 %19 lV 02 13 % pt 07 20 %20 pt 02 13 % lt 07 19 %21 bG 02 10 % lU 06 18 %22 el 01 07 % ee 05 13 %23 Ro 01 04 % lV 05 13 %24 Si 01 04 % Ro 04 11 %25 ee 00 01 % bG 04 10 %26 ie 00 00 % ie 02 04 %27 cY 00 00 % Mt 01 03 %28 Mt 00 00 % cY 00 00 %

top 5 total 100 587 % 148 418 %

total 170 1000 % 353 1000 %


61


HR

PL

ES

SK

DK

CZ

HU

FI

UK

BE

AT

NL

DE

IT

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

2.2.4 Imports Electricity By MEMBER sTATE TOP 14 IMPORTERs

1990-2015 (Mtoe)

2000

20142010

19901995

2005

2015


62


CY

MT

IE

BG

RO

LV

EE

LU

LT

PT

SI

SE

FR

EL

0 05 10 15 20

2.2.4 Imports Electricity By MEMBER sTATE lEAsT 14 IMPORTERs

1990-2015 (Mtoe)

2000

20142010

19901995

2005

2015


63


2.2.5 Imports by Country of Origin Eu-28 hARD COAl

TOP 15 ExTRA-Eu (ORDERED By 2015 vOluME)

kton 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015Russia 8 800 14 966 48 784 48 666 66 127 61 837colombia 11 181 22 763 24 253 36 144 48 307 51 614United States 41 140 20 665 15 737 30 519 47 310 33 914australia 19 551 28 608 27 120 19 251 14 533 19 422South africa 32 108 41 920 51 988 17 622 22 620 16 846Not specified 6 604 5 229 3 359 7 594 6 856 13 438indonesia 3 411 9 102 14 949 10 158 7 886 7 626canada 4 237 6 378 6 642 3 637 5 732 3 377Mozambique 0 107 0 0 736 1 100kazakhstan 262 0 932 332 1 124 1 001Ukraine 348 2 058 4 229 3 183 2 941 802Norway 329 928 1 124 1 385 1 532 676Venezuela 2 822 3 621 2 003 685 292 345chile 0 0 0 0 435 254Vietnam 363 560 253 60 43 177other extra-eU 2 504 1 899 592 162 153 195

kton

extra-eU 133 660 158 804 201 965 179 398 226 627 212 624

intra-eU 30 115 31 206 26 519 22 090 17 024 18 750

total intra-eU and extra-eU 163 775 190 010 228 484 201 488 243 651 231 374


Eu-28 hARD COAl TOP 5 IMPORTs FROM ExTRA-Eu (1990-2015)Volume (kton)

70 000

60 000

50 000

40 000

30 000

20 000

10 000

0

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

RussiaAustralia

ColombiaSouth Africa

United States

64


2.2.5 Imports by Country of Origin Eu-28 CRuDE OIl AnD nGl

TOP 15 ExTRA-Eu (ORDERED By 2015 vOluME)

kton 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015Russia 76 349 120 165 191 504 182 879 150 984 153 913Norway 102 382 115 861 97 606 73 406 67 131 66 019Nigeria 28 633 22 530 18 617 21 783 45 170 44 276Saudi arabia 82 630 65 089 60 740 30 759 44 218 41 728iraq 0 31 317 12 290 16 945 22 836 40 019kazakhstan 78 9 993 26 386 29 701 32 621 35 104azerbaijan 0 3 712 7 255 22 922 21 940 27 296algeria 17 069 21 434 22 776 8 252 22 915 24 518angola 4 758 3 861 7 065 8 479 16 486 22 167Mexico 7 247 9 770 10 647 6 782 10 851 13 114libya 47 978 45 883 50 681 53 751 16 828 12 816egypt 6 950 5 579 1 716 4 654 5 975 7 794kuwait 12 239 9 741 7 618 3 420 4 816 6 649Venezuela 9 929 6 944 6 988 5 001 6 183 5 502other african countries* 0 0 510 553 3 627 5 052other extra-eU 114 269 71 106 62 082 61 804 29 162 28 290

kton

extra-eU 510 511 542 985 584 481 531 091 501 743 534 257

intra-eU 50 375 62 254 48 269 39 612 30 055 30 286


Mio barrels

extra-eU 3 743 3 981 4 285 3 894 3 678 3 917

intra-eU 369 456 354 290 220 222



Eu-28 CRuDE OIl AnD nGl TOP 5 IMPORTs FROM ExTRA-Eu (1990-2015)Volume (kton)

240 000

200 000

160 000

120 000

80 000

40 000

0

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Russia NigeriaNorwayIraq

Saudi Arabia

65


2.2.5 Imports by Country of Origin Eu-28 nATuRAl GAs

TOP 8 ExTRA-Eu suPPlIERs (ORDERED By 2015 vOluME)

TJ (GCV) 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015Russia 4 245 121 4 582 197 5 207 606 4 555 386 4 422 811 4 674 423Norway 1 159 830 1 921 081 3 040 188 3 905 622 3 731 858 4 107 571algeria 1 362 649 2 203 075 2 256 826 1 986 974 1 451 855 1 401 603Qatar 0 12 443 195 713 1 383 263 814 597 974 639Not specified 61 134 334 765 937 105 957 962 763 322 794 091libya 54 497 33 442 209 499 381 660 248 145 269 748Nigeria 0 172 020 436 319 576 236 179 042 259 922trinidad & tobago 0 36 334 29 673 206 167 109 214 76 446other extra-eU 47 267 49 082 475 679 235 075 81 174 66 274

extra-eU 6 930 498 9 344 439 12 788 608 14 188 345 11 802 018 12 624 717

intra-eU 1 451 229 1 933 316 2 272 283 2 833 535 3 103 701 3 251 534total intra-eU and extra-eU 8 381 727 11 277 755 15 060 891 17 021 880 14 905 719 15 876 251

Mio m3 Russia 112 079 120 699 136 283 119 665 115 166 121 689Norway 28 968 47 879 79 259 100 851 96 680 106 837algeria 33 607 55 513 57 004 50 360 36 227 35 036Qatar 0 309 4 859 34 828 20 672 24 805Not specified 1 473 8 126 23 859 24 111 19 621 20 432libya 1 353 830 5 445 9 980 6 513 7 080Nigeria 0 4 385 10 586 14 024 4 425 6 440trinidad & tobago 0 902 751 5 142 2 732 1 948other extra-eU 1 172 1 272 11 962 5 857 2 034 1 660

extra-eU 178 652 239 915 330 008 364 818 304 070 325 927

intra-eU 41 582 54 625 60 169 75 091 80 875 84 713total intra-eU and extra-eU 220 234 294 540 390 177 439 909 384 945 410 640


Eu-28 nATuRAl GAs TOP 4 IMPORTs FROM ExTRA-Eu (1990-2015) Volume (Mio m)

140 000

120 000

100 000

80 000

60 000

40 000

20 000

0

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Russia Norway QatarAlgeria

66


2.3 Energy Import Dependency2.3.1 Import Dependency All Fuels *

(%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015eU-28 431 467 521 526 534 540index 1995 1000 1083 1210 1221 1240 1254

Intra and Extra-EU Importsbe 808 781 801 782 800 843bG 559 460 467 396 345 354cZ 205 228 278 255 303 319Dk 334 -350 -498 -157 122 131De 568 594 605 603 617 619ee 323 322 261 136 89 74ie 695 848 896 866 853 887el 667 695 686 691 662 717eS 717 766 814 767 729 733FR 480 515 516 490 461 460HR 361 484 525 466 438 483it 819 865 834 826 759 771cY 1005 986 1007 1008 932 977lV 704 610 639 455 406 512lt 631 594 568 818 780 784lU 977 996 974 971 965 959HU 479 552 631 564 593 534Mt 1048 1003 1000 990 977 973Nl 201 381 378 301 333 521at 664 654 718 629 661 608pl -12 99 172 313 286 293pt 853 851 886 751 712 774Ro 303 218 276 219 171 171Si 509 528 525 487 445 487Sk 685 656 653 631 609 587Fi 536 551 541 478 489 468Se 389 407 368 366 320 301Uk -164 -169 134 282 455 374

* Negative Rate indicates a Net exporterValues over 100 % indicate Stocks build Up


67



2.3.2 Import Dependency By FuelEu-28 IMPORTs FROM ExTRA-Eu 1990-2015 (%)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Natural GasSolid FuelsAll Fuels Hard Coal Crude and NGL

68


2.3.3 Import Dependency Solid Fuels *(%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015eU-28 215 306 394 394 457 428index 1995 1000 1425 1835 1837 2130 1994

Intra and Extra-EU Importsbe 1089 912 1013 983 1016 972bG 318 351 370 247 145 112cZ -255 -218 -161 -151 -42 -18Dk 1179 949 944 694 1049 850De 112 255 317 401 448 455ee 84 91 08 -06 02 -03ie 649 646 708 491 600 667el 110 85 41 51 29 28eS 454 613 701 855 771 783FR 568 864 945 1010 986 984HR 857 1109 914 1023 924 1031it 1059 1046 994 1010 987 1002cY 1000 1000 1194 647 1500 1000lV 616 462 939 1028 767 870lt 644 870 946 920 894 872lU 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000HU 295 282 429 419 283 340MtNl 979 1020 1015 1217 1089 1124at 757 839 993 994 1009 852pl -302 -291 -239 -52 -87 -116pt 1058

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