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Energy Read Ch 9 & 10
http://life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/ID: eee105Password: prAIRie
detritusdetritus
EnergyFood chain
E
producer primary secondaryconsumer consumer
Trophic levels
respiration
Photosynthetic food chain
Ecosystems
The pattern of interaction between organisms and their physical environment
EnergyEnergy
MaterialsMaterials
InformationInformation
EnergyEnergy
First energy sources were biomass
• Wood
deforestation
First energy sources were biomass
deforestationdeforestation
First energy sources were biomass
• Wood
• Animal power
First energy sources were biomass
• Wood
• Animal power
• Steam power
Steam Power
Industrial Revolution
First energy sources were biomass
• Wood
• Animal power
• Steam power
• Fossil fuelscoal
Coal formed in the Carboniferous Era
360 to 286 million years ago
Nov 20 - Nov 28
Coal formed in the Carboniferous Era
First energy sources were biomass
• Wood
• Animal power
• Steam power
• Fossil fuelscoaloil
Oil seeps
Oil kerosene
John D. Rockefeller
John D. Rockefeller
Automobile created oil boom
Henry FordHenry Ford
1900: 8,000 U.S. autos
1920: 8,000,000 U.S. autos
Oil pipelines
Regional Total Energy ConsumptionOrganization for Economic Cooperation and Development
25 countries
Regional Total Energy Consumption
EE/FSU
Asia
Latin AmericaAfricamid-East
Over half the world’s energy consumption
OECD Energy Consumption
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Oil Coal Renewables
East3-D Column 23-D Column 3
GasNuclear
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OPECOPEC
Formed 1960
controls 75% of worlds oil reserves
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OPECOPEC
back to 1990 export levels
Energy Consumption (1998)
Per capita(as tons of oil)
USA 7.86Canada 7.61
Germany 4.11
France 4.05
Japan 3.72
S. America 0.67Africa 0.33
Energy Usage
• Residential and commercial usage
30% of North American energy usage
mostly for air conditioning
refrigeration
space heating
water heating
Energy Usage
• Residential and commercial usage
30% of North American energy usage
but in less developed countries
mostly for cooking
Energy Usage
• Residential and commercial usage
• Industrial Use
~ 30% in U.S.
more efficient in MDC’s
Energy Usage
• Residential and commercial usage
• Industrial Use
• Transportation use
Transportation use
Transportation Energy Use(1998)
Per capita(gigajoules)
USA 106Holland 41
Transportation Energy Use(1998)
Per capita(gigajoules)
USA 106Holland 41
Japan 28
Mexico 17
Zimbabwe 4
India 2
Transportation Energy Use
In U.S.: government subsidies
Although rail & bus transport is twice as energy efficient
for highways & trucking
U.S. autos consume 15% of world oil supply
Transportation Energy Use
U.S. autos consume 15% of world oil supply
The automobiles of the rest of the world consume 7% of world’s oil
Public transportation is more energy efficient