ENERGYENERGY

FORMS OF ENERGYFORMS OF ENERGYS8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of

energy.

c. Compare and contrast the different forms of energy

(heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound) and their characteristics.

What is What is energy?energy?EnergyEnergy is the ability is the ability

to do to do workwork or cause or cause changechange. .

WorkWork is done when is done when you transfer energy to you transfer energy to an object and the an object and the object object movesmoves..

What are the What are the different forms of different forms of

energy?energy?

ThermalThermal Energy EnergyChemicalChemical Energy EnergyElectricalElectrical Energy EnergyElectromagneticElectromagnetic EnergyEnergy

SoundSound Energy EnergyNuclearNuclear Energy Energy

What is thermal What is thermal energy?energy?

ThermalThermal energy – energy – total amount of total amount of energy in the energy in the motionmotion of the of the particles contained particles contained in matter. in matter.

Which picture has Which picture has greater thermal greater thermal

energy?energy?

BOX 2 – Same size boxes & particles BOX 2 – Same size boxes & particles are moving with greater speed in box are moving with greater speed in box 22

Which has more Which has more thermal energy?thermal energy?

OR

Swan sculpture – Swan sculpture – has more mass - - has more mass - - particles are particles are moving slower, but moving slower, but there are a lot more there are a lot more of them.of them.

How is heat How is heat related to thermal related to thermal

energy?energy?

HeatHeat is is thermalthermal energy that is energy that is transferred transferred between two between two objects of different objects of different temperatures.temperatures.

What is chemical What is chemical energy?energy?

ChemicalChemical energy is the energy is the energy that is stored in energy that is stored in chemical chemical bondsbonds..

(Atoms of elements (Atoms of elements that make up that make up compoundscompounds are held are held together by chemical together by chemical bondsbonds.).)

What is electrical What is electrical energy?energy?

ElectricalElectrical energy – energy – results from moving results from moving chargescharges..–Ex. Ex. ComputersComputers, , radios, televisions, radios, televisions, and and lampslamps (and other (and other electrical devices).electrical devices).

What is What is electromagnetic electromagnetic

energy?energy?

ElectromagneticElectromagnetic energy energy – energy that results – energy that results from the from the motionmotion of of particles within particles within atomsatoms..–Ex. X-rays, Ex. X-rays, microwavesmicrowaves, , and ultraviolet (UV) and ultraviolet (UV) radiationradiation

What is sound What is sound energy?energy?

SoundSound energy is energy is given off by given off by vibratingvibrating objects. objects.

Travels in the Travels in the form of form of waveswaves..

What is What is nuclear nuclear energyenergy

??

NuclearNuclear energy is the energy is the energy stored in the energy stored in the nucleusnucleus of an atom of an atom as a result from as a result from nuclearnuclear forces. forces.–Ex: Fission and Ex: Fission and FusionFusion

What is nuclear What is nuclear fission?fission?

Process in which Process in which a a largelarge nucleusnucleus of of an atom is an atom is splitsplit apart to form two apart to form two smaller smaller nucleinuclei..

What is nuclear What is nuclear fusion?fusion?

The process in The process in which two which two smallsmall nuclei are nuclei are joinedjoined together to form a together to form a largerlarger nucleus. nucleus.

CONSERVATION OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGYENERGY

S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy.

a. Explain energy transformation in terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy.

b. Explain the relationship between potential and kinetic energy.

What are 2 broad What are 2 broad classifications for classifications for

energy?energy?

Kinetic Kinetic PotentialPotential

What is kinetic What is kinetic energy?energy?

Energy that Energy that results from the results from the motionmotion of an of an object.object.

What does kinetic What does kinetic energy depend on?energy depend on?

MASSMASS and and VELOCITYVELOCITY

What is the What is the formula for formula for

kinetic energy?kinetic energy?

KE = KE = mvmv²²

22

What is potential What is potential energy?energy?

StoredStored Energy EnergyRelated to an object’s Related to an object’s positionposition or composition or composition–Rock on a cliff has PE Rock on a cliff has PE due to its due to its positionposition

What does What does potential energy potential energy

depend on?depend on?

Mass & Height

What is the What is the formula for formula for

potential energy?potential energy?

PE = m x hPE = m x h

PotentiaPotential or l or

Kinetic?Kinetic?

What is What is the law of the law of conservaticonservati

on of on of energy?energy?

While energy may While energy may change from one change from one formform to another, to another, energy is neither energy is neither createdcreated nor nor destroyeddestroyed..

What is mechanical What is mechanical energy?energy?

The sum of The sum of kinetickinetic and and potentialpotential energy. energy.

Stays Stays constantconstant within a situation.within a situation.

How is energy How is energy conserved?conserved?

Cart has Cart has potentialpotential energy energy at the at the toptop of the hill. of the hill.

Once cart begins to move Once cart begins to move potential energy potential energy decreasesdecreases and transforms into and transforms into kinetickinetic energy.energy.

Kinetic energy is the Kinetic energy is the greatest at the greatest at the bottombottom of of the hill.the hill.

Where are KE and Where are KE and PE the greatest in PE the greatest in

this diagram? this diagram?

How can energy be How can energy be transferred?transferred?

Energy can be Energy can be transferred from transferred from one one formform to to another.another.

Turn on a lamp - - Turn on a lamp - - electricalelectrical energy energy transferred to transferred to lightlight and and thermalthermal energy energy

Plants convert electromagnetic (light) energy from sunlight to

chemical energy through photosynthesis.

Your body Your body converts stored converts stored chemicalchemical energy energy from food into from food into thermalthermal energy energy and kinetic and kinetic energy to make energy to make your body your body maintain body maintain body temperature temperature and to and to movemove..

HEAT TRANSFERHEAT TRANSFERS8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy. –d. Describe how heat can be transferred through matter by the collisions of atoms (conduction) or through space (radiation). In a liquid or gas, currents will facilitate the transfer of heat (convection).

What is does What is does temperature temperature

measure?measure?The average The average kinetickinetic energy of energy of the particles the particles in in motionmotion..

Same temperature – Same temperature – different thermal energy different thermal energy b/c more mass in big pot.b/c more mass in big pot.

How is thermal energy How is thermal energy transferred from one transferred from one

object to another?object to another?

HeatHeat

What is heat?What is heat?Transfer of thermal Transfer of thermal energy from energy from higherhigher temperatures to temperatures to lowerlower..

Can be transferred Can be transferred through matter in all through matter in all three three phasesphases..

How can heat be How can heat be transferred?transferred?

ConductionConductionConvectionConvectionRadiationRadiation

What is What is conduction?conduction?

Heat transferred Heat transferred by by directdirect contact. contact.

Transferred Transferred through through solidssolids or or liquids.liquids.

What is convection?What is convection?

Heat is transferred in Heat is transferred in fluidsfluids (liquids or (liquids or gases).gases).

Transferred in fluids Transferred in fluids by the movement of by the movement of currentscurrents that form in that form in fluids (convection fluids (convection currents).currents).

What is radiation?What is radiation?

Unlike conduction and Unlike conduction and convection, radiation convection, radiation doesn’t require doesn’t require mattermatter..

Heat is transferred by Heat is transferred by electromagneticelectromagnetic waves. waves.

We receive heat from We receive heat from the sun through the sun through radiationradiation..

Electromagnetic WavesElectromagnetic Waves

Heat TransferHeat Transfer

Illustrate where the transfer of Illustrate where the transfer of heat is taking place.heat is taking place.