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Synopsis
on Energy from the busy road
(Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Award of Degree )
Bachelor of Technology (Electronic & inst. Engg.)
2007-2011
Under the Guidance of : Submitted by :Mr. Anand kr. jha Abhishek kr. verma(077001) Sudhir kr.chauhan(L-08-706)
Ujjwal(077054)
Department of Electronics & inst. EngineeringApeejay College of Engineering.Maharishi Dayanand University,
Rohtak (Haryana)
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INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………….3
2. COMPONENT USED………………………………………...4
3. BLOCK DIAGRAM…………………………………….…5-6
4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM……………………………….………..7
5. FUTURE PROSPECTIVES………………………….……….9
6. CONCLUSION……………………………………………….10
7. REFERENCES……………………………………………….11
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INTRODUCTION
MAIN THEME OF THIS PROJECT
NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY GENERATION
CONCEPT:
MECHANICAL TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
LOGIC:
USE DYANMO AS A SPEED BRAKER , One rod with the dynamo is placed like a speed
breaker. Dynamo is so powerful. Movement of vehicle just rotate the dynamo shaft and
electricity is generated. This voltage is to be stored in the chargeable battery.
In the night lights are automatic on with the help of photovoltaic switch logic.
But all lights are not on, only half light are on. Other half lights switch on automatically when
any vehicle move on the bridge, when there is no vehicle on the bridge then lights are off
automatically.
We use two infra red sensor’s to check the movement of vehicle. When first infra red sensor
is on then lights are on and when second sensor is interrupt then lights are off.
3
COMPONENTS USED:
89S51 MICROCONTROLLER.
PHOTODIODE( 2)5MM
INFRA RED LED (2) 5MM
7805 REGULATOR ( 5 VOLT)
CRYSTAL ( 12 MHZ) CONNECTED TO PIN NO 18 AND 19
27 PF ( 2_) GROUNDED FROM CRYSTAL
RESISTANCE:
10K OHM (3)
470 OHM(2)
270 OHM (6)
1 K OHM (1)
LDR FOR AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT
NPN BC 548 FOR LDR SWITCHING
REQUIREMENT OF PCB
12 VOLT DYANMO
6 VOLT CHARGEBALE BATTERY
CHANGOVER SWITCH
L.E.D ( 6 ) FOR STREET LIGHT
4
;BLOCK DIAGRAM
5
CIRCUIT WORKING.
In this project we use 89s51 controller , family member of the 8051 family.. supply voltage of
the microcontroller is 5 volt dc . for this purpose we convert the battery voltage into 5 volt dc
with the help of the 5 volt regulator circuit. For this purpose we use ic 7805 regulator to
regulate the high voltage into 5 volt dc. One capacitor is ground from the regulator for
filtration . Capacitor reduces the noise . Output of the regulator is connected to the pin no
40 of the controller directly. One crystal is connected to the pin no 18 and 19 of the controller
to provide a oscillation signal. For this purpose we use 12 MHz crystal. Two capacitor are
grounded from the crystal to reduce the noise In this project we use two logic. One is light
sensitive logic and second is road sensor logic. When sensor is in dark then all the lights are
on and when sensor is in light then all the lights are off. This is done by the light sensor
( LDR). LDR is a light dependent resistor , when light fall on the ldr then ldr offers a low
resistance and when ldr is in dark then ldr offers a high resistance. Here in this project we use
the ldr with npn transistor circuit. Emitter of the npn transistor is connected to the ground
and collector is connected to the pin no 3 of the controller.
when ldr is in light then there is low positive on the base of the npn transistor and collector
is become more negative. When ldr is in dark then there is no base voltage and hence
collector become more positive. Microcontroller sense this change of voltage and switch on
the output led which is connected to the port 0,
6
CIRCUIT DIGRAM
7
led’s are connected with the port 0 through the resistance in series, here in this
we use 6 l.e.d . Common point of the l.e.d is connected with the positive line.
Out of 6 only three l.e.d’s are on .
Our second part of this project is infra red sensor. In this logic when any car
cross the first ir sensor then all the led are on and if the traffic continuous then
led are on if the no car on the road then again three led are eon and three are
off
For this purpose we use two IR sensor circuit with this project.
here in this project we use infra red sensor and one photodiode circuit when
light fall on the photosensor then resistance of photos sensor become low and
hence negative voltage is applied to the controller, when any car cross the
photodiode and then photo diode resistance become high and hence signal is
change on the pin no 2 of the controller. As the controller sense this change of
signal on pin then all the light are on .
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FUTURE PROSPECTIVES
- Low Budget electricity production.
- No obstruction to traffic.
- Less floor area
- maintenance is very easy
- multiplexes, malls, toll booths, signals, etc can make use of this system.
- It can be used for Charging batteries and using them to light up the streets,etc.
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CONCLUSION
The principle involved is POTENTIAL ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONVERSION. There is a system to generate power by converting the potential energy generated by a vehicle going up on a speed breaker into kinetic energy. When the vehicle moves over the inclined plates, it gains height resulting in increase in potential energy, which is wasted in a conventional rumble strip. When the breaker comes down, they crank a lever fitted to a ratchet-wheel type mechanism (a angular motion converter) which in turn rotates a geared shaft loaded with recoil springs. The output of this shaft is coupled to a dynamo to convert kinetic energy into electricity.
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REFERENCES
http://www.seminarprojects.com
http://shubhamparey.blogspot.com
http://www.aarewah.com
http://cr4.globalspec.com
wikkipedia
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