Date post: | 03-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | lydia-smith |
View: | 214 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Energy in a Cell
All Cells Need Energy
Cells need energy to:
– Make new molecules.
– Build membranes and organelles.
– Move molecules in and out of the cell.
– Move.
Autotrophs (producers)
Organisms that make their own food Use light energy from the sun to make food
Example: PLANTS
Heterotrophs (consumers)
Organisms that get energy from the foods they eat
Example: ANIMALS
NOT a flashcard.
Where Does A Cell Get Energy?
Food is broken down to a form the cell can use.
Extra energy is stored in an ATP molecule.
ATPAdenosine triphosphate is a
molecule made up of– adenine
– ribose
– 3 phosphate groups.
Adenine
Ribose (ENERGY STORED HERE!)
ADPAdenosine diphosphate. Made up of
– adenine– ribose– 2 phosphate groups.
Adenine
Ribose
How Does ATP Work?Energy is stored in the bond between
the second and third phosphate group.
When the bond is broken, energy is released and ADP is formed.
Adenine
Ribose
Storing EnergyEnergy is stored by the cell when 1
phosphate is added to the end of an ADP molecule forming ATP.
Adenine
Ribose
Adenine
Ribose
2 Ways to make ENERGY!
1. Photosynthesis – takes place in the chloroplasts.
2. Cellular Respiration – takes place in the mitochondria.
Photosynthesis
Autotrophs make their own food by trapping light energy and converting it to carbohydrates.
Equation:6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2
The O2 released by photosynthesis is made from the oxygen in water.
Plants produce O2 gas by splitting water
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2
NOT a flashcard.
Cellular RespirationThe process of breaking down
food molecules to release energy.
Occurs in the mitochondria.
Equation:C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY
Compare The Equations!
Photosynthesis:
Cellular Respiration:
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY
NOT a flashcard.
Two Types of Respiration
Aerobic Respiration– requires oxygen.
Anaerobic Respiration– requires an absence of oxygen.
The End
Any questions?
Anaerobic RespirationTwo types:
– Fermentation – occurs when bacteria break down plants (vegetables and fruit) and release alcohol or vinegar.
– Lactic Acid Fermentation – occurs in muscles – a buildup of lactic acid causes soreness.
Sunlight
Photo-System
I
Photo-system
II
NADP+
ADPNADPHATP
CalvinCO2
H2O
O2
ATP
ATP
NAD+ NADH
ElectronTransportSystem
Cycle
CitricAcid
Heat
CHLOROPLAST MITOCHONDRIAATP
Glycolysis
Glucose Pyruvate
Cycle
NOT a flashcard.
ChemosynthesisSome autotrophs can convert
inorganic substances to energy.Most are adapted to live in conditions
where there is no oxygen.– Digestive tracts of mammals– Lake sediments– Marshes– Deep in the ocean
NOT a flashcard.
The End
Any questions?
Photosynthesis in a picture!
NOT a flashcard.