6/5/2012 1 Energy Management in New and Existing Buildings A Sustainable Activity ASHRAE TC 7.6 Richard J. Pearson, P.E., ASHRAE Fellow June 12, 2012 www.energystar.gov ENERGY STAR Guidelines describe a management cycle that helps you with Execution—getting things done! Map for Today’s Presentation 2 Today’s Agenda • Impact of Energy Management o Environmental Impact o Economic Impact • Sample Action Plans • Prioritizing Multiple Buildings • A Novel Pilot Project • Successful Projects • Making Accountability Work 3 4 Renewables as an Environmental Solution?
Transcript
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Energy Management in New and Existing Buildings
A Sustainable Activity
ASHRAE TC 7.6
Richard J. Pearson, P.E., ASHRAE FellowJune 12, 2012
www.energystar.gov
ENERGY STAR Guidelinesdescribe a
management cycle that helps you with Execution—getting
things done!
Map for Today’s Presentation
2
Today’s Agenda• Impact of Energy Management
o Environmental Impacto Economic Impact
• Sample Action Plans• Prioritizing Multiple Buildings• A Novel Pilot Project• Successful Projects• Making Accountability Work
3 4
Renewables as anEnvironmental Solution?
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Where Do We Use Energy?
6
Energy Management Potential• Buildings consume 41% of US energy
• 33% reduction of building energy is possible
• This will save 14% of US energy
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Energy Management is the Quickest, Cheapest, Cleanest Way to Extend World Energy Supplies
Energy management can provide three times the environmental impact of renewable energy
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Energy Management Potential
8
National Reduction 14%
In Other Words…...• Green• Sustainable• Lowers Carbon Footprint• Lowers CO2 Emissions• Reduces Global Warming• Reduces Cost• Improves Return on Investment
Building Reduction33%
Emissions Factors and Energy Prices for the Cleaner and Greener Environmental Program http://www.cleanerandgreener.org/download/efactors.pdf
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New Buildings are a target, too!
New buildings are often inefficient at start-up (even LEED® certified buildings).
New building performance significantly deteriorates in the first three years of operation, by as much as 30% (even those designed as energy-efficient green buildings).
1010
Greener Pastures with Energy SavingsEmissions Reduction at Madison Area Technical College
FansMiscellaneousLightsChillersTower FanCondenser Water PumpChiled Water Pump
Action Plan:Evaluating End Use Within a Building
43
Two Types of Action
• Smarter use of what you have right now (Discretionary Operation)
• Energy Audits and Capital Improvements
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Sample Discretionary Actions - Lighting
• Match operating hours to activities
• Take advantage of daylight• Check delays on
Occupancy Sensors• Assure appropriate Foot-
candles (lumens)
Easier to harder
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Sample Discretionary Actions– Fan Systems • Match running time to activities• Lower hot air temperatures• Raise cold air temperatures• Lower fan pressure in ducts• Adjust static pressure setpoints
o Manual reseto Dynamic reset using damper positions
• Minimize outside air quantities• Minimize exhaust quantities• Match ventilation to number of occupants• De-energize exhaust fans and close dampers when
unoccupied
Easier to harder
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Sample Discretionary Actions –Fan Systems (continued)
• Make best use of economizer operation
• Eliminate simultaneous heating and cooling
• Reduce airflow in constant volume (CV) systems
• De-energize nonessential loads
Action Plans: Ideas and a Test Method
Easier to harder
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Sample Discretionary Actions–Pumping Systems• Match running time to activities• Verify proper flow
o Throttle balance valveso Trim pump impellers
• Lower pressure set-point to optimize variable flow
o Manual reseto Dynamic reset
• De-energize nonessential loads
Action Plans: Ideas and a Test Method
Easier to harder
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Sample Discretionary Actions –Boilers
• Lower hot water temperatures• If steam, lower steam pressure• Optimize boiler sequencing• Minimize losses in de-energized boilers
Action Plans: Ideas and a Test Method
Easier to harder
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Sample Discretionary Actions–Chillers
• Match running time to activities• Raise chilled water set-points• Reduce condenser water temperature• Optimize cooling tower fan speed• Optimize chiller staging• Minimize chiller cycling• Reduce chilled water flow
Action Plans: Ideas and a Test Method
Easier to harder
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Wisconsin’s Focus on EnergyBest Practices Spreadsheets
• Air Handlers• Boilers• Chillers• Cooking• Domestic Hot Water• HVAC• Lighting• Misc. Equipment• Refrigeration
Available for download at:http://www.focusonenergy.com/business/commercial-business/cpem/sixsteps.aspx
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Air-Handlers Best Practices
Install Variable Speed Controls on Supply Fan
www.energystar.gov
Energy Star Guidelines for Energy Management
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Disincentives for the Building Engineer
• Risk of occupant discomfort
• Risk of equipment failure
• Experimentation can be terrifying
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Incentives for the Building Engineer
• Regular monitoring by the manager
• Managerial encouragement to experiment• Occasional, brief discomfort is OK
• Teamwork
• Accomplishment – Getting results
www.energystar.gov
Energy Star Guidelines for Energy Management
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Madison Insurance Company
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Madison Insurance Company
4.1 Million kWh per yearprovides electricity for 586 new homes!
Madison Insurance CompanyElectricity Use (kWh) Comparison
1,200,000
1,300,000
1,400,000
1,500,000
1,600,000
1,700,000
1,800,000
1,900,000
2,000,000
2,100,000
Jan
Feb Mar Apr May Jun Ju
lAug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Months
kWh
1998
2000
2002
2004
TOTALkWh
20,786,867
19,071,735
18,374,900
18,190,269
18,425,789
17,763,746
16,716,580
4,070,287
20% Reduction
Seven YearReduction
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
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Madison Bank
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Annual Profile of Monthly Peaks (kW)
Chillers add 500 kW in summer 60
Annual Profile of Monthly kWh
Fans waste energy in winter!
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Evaluate Progress 3 Years Later
Energy Management Did Not Work!
Explanation of the failure to see progress at Madison Bank
• The high electrical energy use in colder months results from decision to maintain fans “on 24/7:
• No commitment to improve energy use• No accountability
Therefore, NO CHANGE.
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But Things Have Changed!
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kWh
Months
US Bank Plaza - 1 S. PinckneyElectricity Use (kWh) Comparison
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
17 day bill period
Aug 2010: new tenants include 11000 sf restaurant
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Honolulu Office BuildingAfter
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Results of Pilot Project at Waukesha Memorial Hospital
• Each facility utilizes the spreadsheet and records energy consumption daily
• Monthly summaries distributed to all
• Monthly energy initiative meeting to share successful ideas71
Aurora Sinai Medical Center2009 Utility Summary
Energy Savings:• 19% reduction in steam usage• 6% reduction in electrical usage
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Aurora Health Care 2009-2011 Utility Summary
Savings:• 7.6% reduction in energy usage
• 67,567,601 lbs. reduction in CO2emissions
NEW
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Aurora Health Care 2009-2011• 7.6% reduction in energy consumption• 67.6 million pound reduction in CO2
• Three facilities achieved ENERGY STAR
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NEW
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Source: Corporate Realty, Design, & Management Institute
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Energy Management Strategies Taken
• Chiller operations • H.W. reset schedules • Run schedules (occ./unocc., day/night, summer/winter) • D.A. temperature reset schedules• Steam pressures • Installation of variable speed drives• Isolation dampers for unoccupied areas• Steam trap survey• Shutting off air handling units in unoccupied areas• Maintaining modified space temperatures• Promoting the energy message at department meetings
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Automating The Daily Method
T for Day N
Energy for
Day N
Calculate predicted energy
for Day N
Calculate Day N
∆ = actual -
predicted
∆Too big?
ALERT!
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Example of Free NOAA Data
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Examples of Success
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Energy Management atMonona Terrace Convention Center
“Are we practicing Energy Management in our facility?”
Impressive energy efficiency projects are often presented, including:
“A $$$ boiler efficiency project is complete”“A $$$ lighting efficiency project is complete”“Several buildings on campus have achieved EnergyStar ratings”
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Cut to the Chase
Has the Energy Utilization Index (EUI) of the facility improved or not?
Remember: EUI = kBtu per square foot
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Sample Energy Efficiency ProjectsAll in one building – A Real Example
•Windows replaced with more efficient•Roof insulation improved•All fluorescent lighting improved (T12 to T8)•Chiller replaced with more efficient•One system converted to VAV•Building Automation System replaced with more efficient
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ResultThe building uses MORE ENERGY
than before the six efficiency projects!
EUI INCREASEDfrom 105 to 110 kBtu/SF!
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WHY?•No monitoring•No oversight
NO ENERGY MANAGEMENT
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DO NOT LOSE SIGHT
OF THE BOTTOM LINE!
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Prepare for Culture Change —What You Can Do…
• Collect 24 months of utility bills• Enter utility information into Energy Star
Portfolio Manager and get your score as a baseline
• Review the Discretionary Action Plans (slides 43-48)
• Try one change—save some energy, reduce climate impact and build your confidence to deploy on-going Energy Management
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And now the Send-off…
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Energy Management is the Quickest, Cheapest, Cleanest Way to Extend World Energy Supplies
Energy management can provide three times the environmental impact of renewable energy
Sustained Energy Savings require Management Actions
• An Individual must be accountable• Team-oriented atmosphere• Use of data to guide actions
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Remember to Monitor!!
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Low Energy BuildingsSYSTEMS MUST BE SIMPLE!Einstein: “Everything should be as simple
as possible, but no simpler.”
Condensing boilers – low temperature, hot water
Minimal fan energy – larger AH, larger ducts = smaller motors
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Low Energy BuildingsZoned by functions
Minimal operation when unoccupied
Thorough Design Intent document• Significant input from owner• Tailored to Owner’s capabilities
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References
Text and on-line references are listed in the References supplement
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About the SpeakerRichard J. Pearson, P.E., ASHRAE Fellow
ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer
Principal of Pearson Engineering, Madison [email protected] / www.pearsonengineering.com
Principal Contributor – ASHRAE PublicationsProcedures for Commercial Building Energy Audits (2004)Energy Use and Management Chapter (35), ASHRAE Handbook (2007)
Lead Instructor – University of Wisconsin College of EngineeringDepartment of Engineering Professional Development – Fundamentals of
Energy Auditing Course
Member of the National Register of Peer ProfessionalsConducts Peer Reviews of GSA design projects for US courthouses, etc.
