ENERGY OPTIMSATION in the Kenyan Agriculture - · PDF fileENERGY OPTIMSATION in the Kenyan...

ENERGY OPTIMSATION

in the Kenyan Agriculture

Market potential and business opportunities

Berlin, September 2015

By Poojan Dodhia.

Energy Optimisation Background

Unreliability of national grid power away from major cities.

High dependency on diesel generators as a back up.

Industry segments with a continuous base load are most at risk from

unreliable power, and high costs of diesel, such as Flower and

agricultural farms with cold storage facilities, Sisal Decortication

Plants, Tea processing industry, grain milling plants (Wheat, Maize,

etc.).

Potential sectors such as Irrigation are high power demand areas,

and are exposed to risks such as irregular power supply, and are

often located in remote areas.

Fact Finding & Delegation Preparation –

ENERGY OPTIMISATION

Quite high power tariffs, e.g. 18,92 KSH/ kWh (including all kWh-related fees and

charges and VAT) for small businesses with a consumption < 15.000 kWh or 15 KSH

for CI1

High frequency of power price fluctuation due to oil imports.

Still not reliable power supply very often 1 accumulated day per week of power

outage diesel generator ( 30-40 USCent/ KWh) LCOE of roughly 22 USCent.

Enabling environment for renewable energies

Feed-in-Tariffs (e.g. 10 UScent, energy from biomass and biogas, 12 USCent for

power from Solar PV systems/ main grid, 20 UScent for solar power/ mini grid)

Standardized PPAs (< 0,5 -10 MW)

Opportunity for commercial entities to produce a certain percentage of their power

for free after system payback.

Opportunity for products to become cost competitive.

Range of financing mechanisms for systems that have a social impact, and larger

systems for 5MW and above.

Drivers for Renewable Energies

Why Agricultural sector ?

Most important sector in Kenya’s economy:

Share of 24% at the GDP

Contributes by 65% to total export revenues

Especially farms are often located in weaker-grid areas

They have the need for power e.g. pumps, cold rooms, pack houses etc.

Under local and international environmental regulation to reduce waste

dumping.

International regulations and product demand, are pro-environmentally

friendly, sustainable, low carbon foot-print, and fair trade products.

Most agricultural exporters are favored by foreign currency revenues.

Bioenergy and Solar PV Potential Analysis

Highest RE potential:

Sisal and horticulture industry

Cereal industry

Largest farms in Rift valley

Pressure to enhance efficiency/

productivity trend towards value

addition

Many energy-consuming large

mills (with > 1 MW load)

Solar PV potential; almost no

potential for bioenergy (due to

“Conservation Agriculture”)

SOLAR PV POTENTIAL

FARMS: Little potential as silos

and other electrical devices are

only a few months per year in

operation

MILLS: Great potential in mills,

due to 24/7 operation mode;

several large mills (e.g. …)

Cereal industry (cont.)

BIOENERGY POTENTIAL

FARMS: Little potential in

the farms, since agro-

wastes are increasingly

being brought back to the

fields “conservation

agriculture”

MILLS: by principle limited

potential, but integrated

mills with baking operation

- boiler fired with

briquettes, possibly from

wheat bran

-

+

-

+ CASE: UZURI BAKERY

195 KW load

LCOE 14,5 USCent/ kWh

Solar PV system of 150 kWp

5,4 years payback period

Dairy Industry

60% of the milk is not formally

collected, but sold over the fence

some programs to improve the

collection, e.g. by setting-up

decentralized cooling facilities

Dairy farms have tanks up to

10,000 liters power load of 40

KW

Dairy farms: e.g. Charles Boit,

Chemusian Farm, Makongi Farm:

Milk processing: Brookside (44%),

Githunguri, SAMEER, Happy Cow

SOLAR PV POTENTIAL

FARMS: continuous load for cooling

(throughout the day), power also for

milking, but no base load; however

quite low load

Milk processing: electricity for cooling

and homogenization;

Thermal energy for pasteurization,

sterilization

Dairy industry (cont.)

BIOENERGY POTENTIAL

FARMS: Thanks to zero-

grazing cow dung can

easily be collected

+

+

CASE: Charles Boit Farm

40 KW load

LCOE 19,8 USCent/ kWh

(Small Commercial category!!)

Solar PV system of 44 kWp


CASE: Charles Boit Farm

400 cows 7200m3 dung/ a

460 tons Organic Dry Matter/a

350.000 kWh/ a (much more

than needed)

Horticulture Industry

54% of agricultural production,

82% of agricultural exports

Dynamic development (esp. flower sub-sector),

e.g. increase of production by 65% in

general, from 2010-12; veg. has a share of

nearly 50% at production (value-based)

but growing international competition

because of high production costs (e.g. as

labor costs, energy costs).

Buyer perspective: Green supply chain

motivation of farms to go for green

150 registered Flower Farms

large veg farms have a share of 70%: KHE,

AAA Growers, East Africa Growers,

Vegpro etc.

SOLAR PV POTENTIAL

Baseload for coldrooms /

packhouses with an average of

about 100 kW.

References: e.g. flower farms as

Uhuru, Tambuzi etc.

Potential for solar pump

irrigation: pumps often run

completely on diesel

Horticulture Industry (cont.)

BIOENERGY POTENTIAL

Waste: 1/3 of the weight of fresh

flowers; Biogas from flower

waste can cover about 10% of

electricity demand

References: Simbi Roses,,

Vegpro (2 MW turbine)

Seasonality in some segments

affects commercial viability +

+

CASE: KHE solar pump 75 KW load, grid, 4 m pump head, 600

m distance between river and dam,

LCOE 14,8 UScent/ kWh Solar PV

system of 75 kWp (solar fraction 20%)


CASE: VegPro 2MW Biogas Plant 2MW Anaerobic Digestion mainly Baby

corn stalk (waste), High sucrose content.

Other added wastes include rose waste,

and other agricultural waste. 1MW

internal use, the remaining 1MW to be

sold to external off-taker (Net Metering).

+

-

+

Sisal Industry

Rising global demand; due to

lagging rising production sisal

price increases

Production in Kenya: 26.000

Tons in 2014 (+23% compared

to 2008), 90% for export

10 leading Sisal farms, e.g.

REA, TEITA, with a market

share of 90%

SOLAR PV POTENTIAL

High potential because of

continuous base load over day

(7 am – 5 pm), over the month

(6 days/ week) and over the

year

Sisal Industry (cont.)

BIOENERGY POTENTIAL

Great potential, since 1 ton of

sisal fiber causes 25 ton solid

waste (pulp)

The first projects are

implemented (e.g. Kilifi, 150 KW),

others are under development

(e.g. 1 MW Teita)

+

CASE: Alphega 1 MW load (3 decorticators, 8 brushes

etc.), 14 UScent/ kWh LCOE grid

power; 18,4 USCent/ kWh (1 accumu-

lated day diesel)

800 KW Solar PV system (without fuel

saver) 7,4 years payback period

800 KW solar PV system with fuel

saver 5,6 years payback

+

CASE: Teita

7,500 tons sisal fibre/ year, 187,500 ton

sisal pulp/ year.

6,937,500.00 m3/ year methane gas.

1MW biogas plant and 8 MW biomass

plant using sisal stumps.

$4 million biogas plant, $12 million

biomass plant, planned. Feed into Grid.

+

5 % of GDP , 18% of agricultural GDP

Large cattle ranches have often

diversified into wildlife conservation

(e.g. rhinos) and tourism

High concentration of cattle ranches in

Laikipia; e.g. large farms such as Ol

Pejeta (6000 cattle), Ol Jogi, Suyian,

Sosian etc.

Very few large slaughterhouses, just

KMC Athi River with slaughter capacity

of 1000 cattle and 2000-3000 goats

Cattle Ranches/ Meat Industry

SOLAR PV POTENTIAL

FARMS: Partly off-grid

relying on diesel gensets

Electricity demand for pumps

(water demand of 30 l/ day/

head) and for high-end tourist

facilities

Cattle/ Meat Industry (cont.)

BIOENERGY POTENTIAL

FARMS: limited potential

because of extensive grazing

ABATTOIR: slaughterwaste

biogas production for 11 MW

installed capacity

biogas to replace boiler oil (for

steam production for sterilization)

-

CASE: Sosian Ranch 18 KW load (for lodge.), just diesel

genset of 25 KVA – LCOE: 32 USCent/

kWh

Solar PV system of 100 KW with

battery (418 kWh capacity) 5,1

years payback; 17 USCent LCOE

+

CASE: KMC 21 tons waste/ day

Methan gas: 640 m3/ day

138.480 l thermal oil/ year can

be replaced (i.e. 10% of the total

oil demand)

Payback period: 1 year

Power production not viable

+

After China and India largest tea producer;

continuously growing production (+4% p.a.)

KTDA as state-owned tea producer with 60

factories and a couple of international large

private players (e.g. Unilever, Finlays etc.)

Challenge: Decreasing market prices, while

production costs increase (+ 148% labour costs from 1998-2010, + 200%

increase of energy costs)

Almost no bioenergy potential, as there is no

waste (except from instant tea production)

Enhancing efficiency of biomass boilers through

briquettes (?)

Relatively high continuous load over day and

year –power mainly needed for whithering and

CTC (crush-tear-curl) reference project: 1 MW

Solar PV Williamson Tea

Tea Industry

Upward trend: Coffee price on world market has

recovered production in Kenya increases again (e.g.

+ 6% in current year)

Challenge in Kenya: very low yield of 2 kg/ coffee plant

(international benchmark: 30-40 kg); sector is

dominated by small scale farmers; 50 larger coffee

estates (> 50 ha)

Seasonality affects any RE system: pulper machines

are only in operation for 6-7 months/ year Potential

exists only if there is year-round irrigation need, i.e.

before and after the months of harvest.

Biogas: up to 50% of the weight of fresh coffee bean is

pulp, which can be used for biogas production;

Biomass: 6% of the fresh coffee bean is the envelope

("husk") which can be used as biomass energy, either

directly as a fuel in boilers or in the form of briquettes.

Coffee Industry

Just few larger nut processing industries (around

5-8, e.g. Wondernut, Equatorial, Kentaste,

SERENDI etc.)

Revitalization initiatives of the Government

(export ban of raw nuts since 2009 to promote

local value-addition etc.)

77% of coconut: husk and nut shell

briquetting and/ or gasification through

pyrolysis

Solar PV case study for SERENDI, a coconut

processor:

continuous load over day and year

system of 12 kW (just for partly replacing grid

power) with a payback period of 4,5 years

Nut Industry

Pillars of economy: mainly cattle ranching agriculture and

tourism; in some areas around Nanyuki/ Timau/ Meru,

agriculture (cereal, Roses, and Vegetables), but 90% of

Laikipia region is too dry and high for agriculture

Local Government promotes a lot of value-addition locally

abattoirs, milk collection cooling centers and is also

interested in power generation projects.

40% of the county large ranches with power demand for

Pumps, mostly off-grid

high-end lodges, mostly off-grid

CSR for communities (e.g. power supply, Biomass as

substitute to reduce de-forestation)

some of these ranches also plan to invest in

slaughterhouses

Laikipia Unity and Land Initiative productive use (e.g. RE

power plants) of abandoned land (10% of whole county!)

shall be promoted (land is not appropriate for cultivation)

Focal Region: LAIKIPIA

Installed RE systems

Sector/ company Technology Key Features

SISAL/ Kilifi Biogas (in operation)

150 kWp system,

Feedstock: sisal pulp and cow dung

EPC: Agricomp

SISAL/ Teita Biomass 8 MW, feedstock: old sisal plants

planned

TEA/ Finlays Biogas (in operation)

180 kWp system,

EPC: AKUT with 90-95% German

technology

Tea Williamson Solar PV (in operation)

1 MW Solar PV hybrid system (for

replacing power from grid and from diesel

genset)

EPC: Solarcentrury

FLOWERS/ Simbi

Roses

Biogas (in operation)

55 kW system

FLOWERS/ Karen

Roses.

Solar PV

(in operation)

249 kWp Solar PV hybrid system

EPC: Cappello Energy S.A.R.L.

VEG/ Vegpro Biogas (in operation)

2 MW system

EPC: Snow Leopard

Success factors

for market entry

Pro-active approach „Shape the demand“ (in cooperation with strategic

partners)

Demand-oriented approach instead of supply-driven approach; products

and services have to be adapted to local needs

Full committment of top management is required, as the market entry/

business development takes at least 2-3 years

„Make the difference“/ provide a value-added to the clients: Bringing in expertise in Quality-initiatives

Training of stakeholders (e.g. Flower council, KTDA etc.)

Coming along with complete business model (e.g. ESCO-business model)

Providing information about potential finance (credit lines, equity funds, impact

investment funds etc.) and supporting the clients to get access (e.g. with help

of AHK)

Do not neglect COMMUNICATION!

AHK Kenya Energy Desk

supports you…

Analysis of target market/ assessment of market potential

Identification of potential clients and business partners

Pre-Assessing potential projects/ clients (e.g. in context of

renewable energies: load profile, energy costs etc.)

Pre-auditing and short-listing of potential business

partners (e.g. contractors of refrigeration systems etc.)

Organization of individual business trips/ fact-finding missions

Support to follow-up/ collection of more information (e.g. also

about competitors)

Support of German company and/ or local customer to mobilize

proper finance

Marketing of a showcase

Strategy consultancy: Giving information about proper

business models and building bridge to proper cooperation and

promotion programms

Business Trip

Energy Optimization Kenya

TIME 16. – 20. November 2015

Arrivals in Nairobi: Sunday, 15.11. (Noon/ Afternoon)

Departure Kenya, Saturday/ Sunday, 21/22.11

(any time)

AGENDA 15.11., Briefing Dinner

16.11., Kenyan-German Conference on Energy Optimisation

20.11.. Seminar with Laikipia Stakeholders (Still to be Confirmed)

17.-20.11., Individual Site Visits/ On-site conversations at the

locations: (Kisumu, Eldoret, Nakuru, Laikipia (Nanyuki), Taita-Taveta,

Mombasa, Kilifi, And Kwale).

PROCEDURE/

next steps

Registration Deadline: Mid September

Development of individual movement and interview plans /

coordination of plans with the individual companies. 30.09.2015

Arranging all calls : 30.09.2015

Individualized itinerary and meeting schedule,

Visible positioning under the label „made-in-Germany“

Subsidized trip Your benefits

BACK-UP

• Renewable Energies play an increasing role in

Kenya’s overall energy mix, such as their increased

use of Geothermal power, Wind Energy, and

hydropower.

• Technology specific Feed-in-tariffs have been

introduced in Kenya’s Energy policy for many years.

• Aside from large grid connected projects such as

the Turkana Wind Project, Solar PV and Bio-

energies (Biogas/Biomass) are demanded, and

needed to optimize the power supply particularly in

the commercial and industrial sectors.

• Such commercial and industrial sectors are the

Agricultural/ Floricultural sectors, and other various

industries, to name a few; dairy processing, Tea

Processing, Cement Industries, and Food

Processing to name a few.

• Potential renewable areas within the agricultural

sectors that have been identified include remote

irrigation pumping units.

Energy Optimization Background

SolarCentury, Williamson Tea Project, Kericho, Kenya

file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/SCKE007-0115-

Changoi-Hybrid.pdf

Olkaria Geothermal Plant, Kenya.

http://www.coastweek.com/3732-latest-news-Kenya-plans-

to-axe-electricity-price-by-47-per-cent-in-three-years.htm

http://www.coastweek.com/3732-latest-news-Kenya-plans-to-axe-electricity-price-by-47-per-cent-in-three-years.htm
































KENYA ENERGY MIX

KENYA ENERGY SECTOR

Ministry of Energy, May 2015

KENYA RENEWABLE ENERGY MIX

Ministry of Energy, May 2015.

KENYA ENERGY SECTOR

List of IPP’s

Ministry of Energy, July 2015.

• Extension Plans of Kenya’s Power Capacity.

• Feed-in-Tariffs

Renewable Energy Regulations

Technology Installed Capacity (September

2013) Extension plan (2013-2016)

Total Capacity

2016

Hydropower 770 24 794

Thermal 622 250 432

Geothermal 241 1646 1887

Wind 5 630 635

Coal 0 1920 1920

Natural Gas 0 1050 1050

Cogeneration (Biomass) 26 18 44

• Feed in Tariff

Renewable Energy Regulations

• CEREAL MILL – Uzuri Foods Ltd.

AHK KENIA SOLAR PV CASE

STUDIES

Fakten & Berechnung Annahmen

Last 195 KW 24/7

Dieselgenerator Kein Generator im Einsatz

Empfohlene Größe der

PV-Anlage

150 kW

Lastprofil ist sehr gleichmäßig

Da kein Dieselgenerator eingesetzt wird, kein Fuel

Saver erforderlich; Stromausfälle nicht so groß und

lang, dass sich Batterien lohnen würden

Investitionskosten 180.000 USD 1.200 USD/ kW (turn-key)

Stromerzeugung durch PV (150 kWp System) 229.500 kWh/ Jahr 2.000 kWh/ m2 Solarertrag (lt. SolarGIS)

Ersetzen von Strom (aus Netz) 229.500 kWh/ Jahr Angesichts der Betriebszeit der Backfabrik kann der

Solarertrag vollständig genutzt werden

Stromgestehungskosten (Levelized Costs of

Energy; LCOE)

14,5 USD-Cent kWh

(14,87 KSH/ kWh)

Auf Basis der Stromrechnung von 04/ 2015:

kWh-abhängige Kosten (kWh Gebühr und alle

Gebühren) beliefen sich für den Verbrauch von

insgesamt 80.503 kWh auf 1.031.750 KSH. Mit 16%

VAT sind die Kosten 1.196.830 KSH.

Energiekosten-Einsparungen

(PV 150 kW)

33.278 USD

(229.500 kWh x 0,145 USD)

Amortisationszeit

5,4 Jahre

• DAIRY FARM – Boit Farm


STUDIES


Last 60 KW (after expansion)

40 KW for cooling (10.000 l tank)

20 KW for melking station (32 Kühe auf einmal)

3-4 kW für 1000 l Kühlung

4-5 KW für Melkanlage (8 Kühe in Batch)

Dieselgenerator Kein Generator im Einsatz


PV-Anlage

44 KW

90% Effizienz

Lastprofil für Kühlung relativ gleichmäßig (40 kW);

Lastprofil für Melkanlage nicht kontinuierlich: Kühe

werden um 4 am, 12 Mittag und 4 pm gemolken (2

Minuten pro Kuh, 32 Kühe gleichzeitig über jeweils 3

Stunden pro Melkzeit)

Da kein Dieselgenerator eingesetzt wird, kein Fuel Saver

erforderlich; Stromausfälle nicht so groß und lang, dass

sich Batterien lohnen würden


Stromerzeugung durch PV (44 kWp System) 67.320 kWh/ Jahr 2.000 kWh/ m2 Solarertrag (lt. SolarGIS)

Ersetzen von Strom (aus Netz) 67.3230 kWh/ Jahr Angesichts der Betriebszeit der Kühlanlage kann der

Solarertrag vollständig genutzt werden

Stromgestehungskosten (Levelized Costs of Energy;

LCOE)

19,8 USD-Cent kWh Auf Basis der Stromrechnung von 06/2015; auch nach

Expansion wird die Farm noch in die SC Kategorie (small

consumers, < 15000 kWh) fallen.

Anlage ist darauf ausgerichtet, nur Strom aus dem Netz zu

ersetzen

Energiekosten-Einsparungen (PV 44 KW) 13.329,4 USD

(67.320 kWh x 0,198 USD-Cent)

Amortisationszeit

4,6 Jahre

• DAIRY FARM

AHK KENIA BIOGAS CASE STUDIES

Potenziale Annahmen/Basiswerte

Abfallmenge, Kuhdung 7200 m3/ Jahr Bei 400 Milchkühen

Organische Abfälle 460 Tonnen/ Jahr http://energy4farms.eu/biogas-calculator/ ; knapp 16 m3 Dung haben

1 Tonne organische Trockensubstanz

Biogas 161.150 m3/ Jahr

http://energy4farms.eu/biogas-calculator/

Pro Tonne organischer Trockensubstanz lassen sich 350 m3 Biogas

gewinnen.

Methangas 96.690 m3/ Jahr Methangehalt:

bei zweistufigem System: 60%

Stromproduktion 348.000 kWh/ Jahr 10 kWh Gesamtenergie/ m3 Methan;

Effizienz von 30-36% bei Stromproduktion



















Horticulture / Flowers, Vegetables,

Fruit

• Flower Sector Biogas potential


Potenziale Annahmen

Methangas 2.434.230 m3/ Jahr 54m3 Methan/ Tonne Blumenabfall;

136.601 Tonnen Blumenexporte (im Jahr 2013); ca. 33%

davon Abfall (45.078 Tonnen)

Stromproduktion 7.302.689 – 8.763.228 kwH/ Jahr 10 kWh Gesamtenergie/ m3 Methan;

Effizienz von 30-36% bei Stromproduktion

Stromerzeugungskapazität Ca. 1 MW 7000-8000 Volllast-Stunden/ Jahr

• Horticultural Sector, KHE Ltd – Solar PV Potential


STUDIES


Last 112 KW

Für 5 Kühlräume und Büros

Kontinuierliche Last wird angenommen.

Dieselgenerator 482 kVA Für die Last überdimensioniert;

wird nicht berücksichtigt, da ein Fuel saver zum

Ersetzen von Strom von Dieselgensets macht i.d.R.

bei einer 100 KW –Anlage noch keinen Sinn

wirtschaftlich.


PV-Anlage

100 KW

Lastprofil für Kühlung relativ gleichmäßig ;


Stromerzeugung durch PV

(100 KWp)

153.000 kWh/ Jahr 2.000 kWh/ m2 Solarertrag (lt. SolarGIS)

Ersetzen von Strom (aus Netz) 153.000 kWh/ Jahr Angesichts der Betriebszeit der Kühlanlage kann

der Solarertrag vollständig genutzt werden


Energy; LCOE)

14,3 USD-Cent kWh Auf Basis der Stromrechnung von 04/2015;

Anlage ist darauf ausgerichtet, nur Strom aus dem

Netz zu ersetzen


(PV 100 KW)

21.879 USD

(153.000 kWh x 0,143 USD-Cent)

Amortisationszeit

6,4 Jahre

• Sisal Industry - Alphaega


Potenziale Annahmen/Basiswerte

Sisalpulpe 38.000 Tonnen/ Jahr 2014 20-25 Tonnen Pulpe/ Tonne Sisalfaser;

1900 Tonnen Faserproduktion in 2014

Methan gas 1.406.000 m3/ Jahr 2014 37m3 Methan/ Tonne Sisalpulpe;

38.000 Sisalpulpe Alphega

Stromproduktion 4.218.000 – 5.061.600 kwH/ Jahr

(11.556 – 13.867 kWh/ Tag)

10 kWh Gesamtenergie/ m3 Methan;

Effizienz von 30-36% bei Stromproduktion;

350 Produktionstage/ Jahr

Stromerzeugungskapazität 603 kW – 633 kW 7000-8000 Volllast-Stunden/ Jahr

Sisal Waste, After Decortication

http://sisalkenya.info/Sisal_Photos_Kenya/Sisal_Photos_Kenya/SisalWholeStory.html

.



• Sisal Industry – Alphaega Solar PV


STUDIES


Last Rund 1 MW 582 KW: 3 Dekortier-Maschinen im Parallelbetrieb

(3 x 194 kW, 10 Stunden),

120 KW: 8 Bürsten (8 x 15 KW, 8 Stunden)

220 KW: 3 Pumpen (10 Stunden)

8980 kWh/ Tag

Dieselgenerator Nicht bekannt In diesem Szenario wird davon ausgegangen, dass

die Solaranlage lediglich Strom aus dem Netz

ersetzen soll.


PV-Anlage

800 KW

Dekortiermaschinen und Pumpen laufen über 10

Stunden im Parallelbetrieb und ermöglichen die

vollständige Nutzung des Solarertrags

Investitionskosten 1.120.000 USD 1.400 USD/ kW (turn-key)


(800 kWp System)

1.285.200 kWh/ Jahr 2.100 kWh/ m2 Solarertrag (lt. SolarGIS)

Stromverbrauch 2.786.045 kWh/ Jahr Dekortiermaschinen, Bürsten, Pumpen

Ersetzen von Strom (aus Netz) 1.092.420kWh/ Jahr 6-Tage-Woche, d.h. 86%


Energy; LCOE)

13,9 USCent/ kWh

(14,21 KSH/ kWh)

CI 1- Tarif: 8,70 KSH/ kWh zzgl. 2,97 KSH/ kWh

(für diverse Abgaben), 5% REP Gebühr, 16% VAT

Energiekosten-Einsparungen (

PV 800 kW)

151.846 USD

(1.092.420 kWh x 0,139 USD-Cent)

Amortisationszeit

7,4 Jahre

Sosian Ranch

Fakten & Berechnung Annahmen Last (Tag) 18 KW

Tendenziell Grundlast, da 10 Kühl- und Eisschränke kontinuierlich betrieben werden

Dieselgenerator: 25 kVA

Last(Nacht) 20-22 KW Auslastung der Lodge: 10 von 16 Yimmern sind belegt

Jedes Zimmer ist mit einem Haartrockner (2 KW) und ca. 5 Leuchten (a 30 W) ausgestattet ca. 8 KW

Last zwischen 6.00 – 11 pm

Sicherheitslampen (über gesamte Nacht): ca. 1 KW Last Strombedarf/ -nachfrage (Tag) 216 kWh

Strombedarf/ -nachfrage (Nacht) 268 kWh 216 kWh für Eis- und Kühlschränke

40 kWh für Stromlast von 10 Zimmern (8 KW x 5 Stunden)

12 kWh Sicherheitslampen

Empfohlene Größe Batteriesystem 418 kWh 1 Nacht und ½ Tag Autonomiezeit:

376 kWh (108 + 268 kWh)

Effizienz: 0,9


PV-Anlage 100 KW

Solarfraktion von 100%, d.h. dass der Strombedarf eines Tages komplett durch Solar PV gedeckt werden

kann (einschli. Nacht-Bedarf) – ca. 150.000-160.000 kWh bei teilweise geringerer Auslastung der Lodge.

2000 kWh/ m2 pro KWp Solarertrag in Laikipia

Investitionskosten Solar PV 140.000 USD 1.400 USD/ kW (turn-key)

Investitionskosten Batterie 108.680 USD 280 USD/ KWh

Investitionskosten GESAMT 248.680 USD


(100 kWp System) 153.000 kWh/ Jahr 2.000 kWh/ m2 Solarertrag (lt. SolarGIS)

Ersetzen von Strom

(von Dieselgenerator) 153.000 kWh/ Jahr Es wird hier nicht berücksichtigt, dass der Dieselgenerator derzeit lediglich 8 Stunden/ Tag läuft;

Wenn die tatsächlich gegenwärtigen Dieselkosten als Basis genommen werden, darf auch nur der

tatsächliche Stromverbrauch als Basis gewählt werden.

Es wird aber davon ausgegangen, dass mit der Solar PV-Anlage auch der bislang nicht gedeckte

Strombedarf befriedigt werden soll.

Stromgestehungskosten(Levelized

Costs of Energy; LCOE) 32 USD-Cent/ kWh 32 USCent/ Kwh (von Diesel genset)


(PV 100 KW) 48.960 USD

(153.000 kWh x 0,32

USD-Cent)

Amortisationszeit

5,1 Jahre

• MEAT INDUSTRY

• KMC


Potenziale Annahmen

Abfallmenge

(Festabfälle)

82.280 Tonnen/ Jahr 2.057.000 Rinder/ Jahr geschlachtet; 5.716.000 Schafe / Ziegen;

1 Rind ü 2-3 Schafe/ Ziegen ergeben 40 kg Abfall

Methangas 5.936.502 m3/ Jahr Mit 200 kg Abfall lassen sich 40 m3 Biogas erzeugen (Erfahrung aus

Dagoretti Schlachthaus), d.h. 200 m3 Biogas/ Tonne bzw. 120 m3

Methangas/ Tonne – scheint aber sehr hoch; konservativer lt.

Businessplan für Dagoretti: 6,36 Tonnen Festabfälle ergeben 705 m3

Biogas, d.h. 111 m3 Gas/ Tonne bzw. 72,15 m3 Methangas/

Tonne

Stromproduktion 17.809.506– 21.371.407 kwH/ Jahr

(57.081 – 68.498 kWh/ Tag)

10 kWh Gesamtenergie/ m3 Methan;

Effizienz von 30-36% bei Stromproduktion;

Betrieb des Schlachthauses ca. 312 Tage bzw. 6 Tage/ Woche

(Erfahrungswert KMC)

Stromerzeugungskapazität 11,4 MW bei ca. 6 Stunden/ Tag Betriebszeit

(Erfahrungswert von Dagoretti)

Potenziale

Slaughter activity 500 cattle

1000 shoats

Abfallmengen 21.000 kg/ Tag

5.000 kg/ Tag (Kuhdung)

11.000 kg/ Tag (Pouch Dung)

5.000 kg/ Tag Blut

Methangas 640 m3/ Tag (d.h. 30,5 m3/ Tonne)

(1.198.080 m3/ Jahr bei 6 Tagen/ Woche und 312 Tagen/ Jahr)

Ersetzen von Kesselöl zur Dampferzeugung 138.480 L/ Jahr (ca. 10%)

• Coconut Industry- Serendi Kenya


STUDIES


Last ca. 15 KW durchschnittlich

Für Ölpresse und Schneidemaschine (ca. 8 Stunden/ Tag), Büros etc.

Ölpressen mit einer Bearbeitungskapazität von 20.000 Kokosnüssen (d.h.

200 kg/ Stunde) haben i.d.R. eine Stromlast von 8-10 KW.

Dieselgenerator 80 kVA Für die Last überdimensioniert;

wird nicht berücksichtigt, da ein Fuel saver zum Ersetzen von Strom von

Dieselgensets macht i.d.R. bei einer KW –Anlage unter 300 KW noch

keinen Sinn wirtschaftlich.


PV-Anlage

12 KW

(bei 2200 kWh/m2 und bei Bedarf von min. 20,000 kWh/ Jahr)

Grundlast: hauptsächlich Ölpresse(n) mit insges. 10 KW: andere Maschinen

sind nur stundenweise im Einsatz.

Jährlicher Strombedarf der Ölpresse(n) bei 6-Tages-Woche und 8 Stunden/

Tag Betrieb 20.000 – 25.000 kWh/ Jahr



(12 KWp)

20.200 kWh/ Jahr 2.200 kWh/ m2 Solarertrag (lt. SolarGIS)

Ersetzen von Strom (aus Netz) 17.372 kWh/ Jahr 6-Tageswoche, d.h. 86% des Solarertrags kann genutzt werden.

Stromgestehungskosten (Levelized Costs of Energy; LCOE) 20,1 USD-Cent kWh Auf Basis der Stromrechnung von 04/2015; SERENDI ist als kleiner

kommerzieller Stromverbraucher eingestuft (SC-Tarif)

Anlage ist darauf ausgerichtet, nur Strom aus dem Netz zu ersetzen


(PV 100 KW)

3.492 USD

(17.372 kWh x 0,201 USD-Cent)

Amortisationszeit

4,5 Jahre

• Coconut Biomass – Serendi Kenya

AHK KENIA BIOENERGY CASE

STUDIES

Firma Beschreibung

Nuss-Hülse (“husk”) Pro Nuss: 930 g husk (67% der gesamten Frucht)

Bei Verarbeitung von max. 20.000 Nüssen/ Tag: 18.600 kg/ Tag husk

(20.000 x 0,930 kg)

Nussschale Pro Nuss: 138 g Schale (10% der gesamten Frucht)

Bei Verarbeitung von max. 20.000 Nüssen/ Tag: 2.760 kg Schalen/ Tag

GESAMT 21.360 kg/ Tag (Husk und Schale)

• Potential sectors for solar PV are seen to be with industries that have a

continuous base load such as for Grain mill, Flower Farms, Sisal Farms, and

the Tea processing industry.

• A continuous base load favors the economics of a Solar PV system, and

hence is more attractive for some of these large industrialists to consider their

options for Solar PV.

• Potential for bio-energy, especially biogas plants are considered to be very

good with the Sisal sector: Case studies show that with the waste, almost all

the electricity needs can be met. The first plant was built as early as 7 years

ago: more concretely are in the planning (including Teita). Good prospects

are also in dairy farms, flower farms and partly at Agriculture. On the one

hand there is a significant number of potential customers and, secondly, there

are often large amounts of waste from which biogas to cover a significant

proportion of the demand for electricity can be obtained. This is also the first

major commercial projects, such as the 2 MW plant at the leading horticultural

company Vegpro.

Solar PV and Bioenergy Potential

Date post:	05-Feb-2018
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