1
The importance of Tourism 2012 Energy Performance Simulaon of Hotel in Greece using the EnergyPlus soſtware with the aim of upgrading M.E. Papadaki 1 and A. Papasifaki 1 , S.P. Pieri 1 , I. Tzouvadakis 1 1.Department of Civil Engineering, Naonal Technical University of Athens, 10682, Athens, Greece To improve energy performance of exisng hotel • by implementaon of retrofit intervenons supporng energy saving • by applicaon of renewable energy technology supporng energy producon t Introducon The contribuon of tourism to GDP in Greece reaches 16.4% (SETE, 2012) with hotel sector contribung 45.3% of tourist GDP (ΙΟΒΕ). However, hotels can have adverse environmental effects due to their excessive energy consumpon. The annual average total energy consumpon in hotels is 273 kWh/m2 in Greece, the second highest among all categories of buildings (Santamouris et al 1996). Iniaves have been taken for sustainable development . In this direcon hoteliers implement effecve innovaons and retrofing systems which can have environmental and financial benefits. Case Study Hotel building 3* category • constructed in 1980 • 4 floors with total area of 3900 m², 93 rooms included • elongated shape in North-South axis with North façade • electricity used for lighng, electrical equipment and air-condioning for air cooling only • located in Heraklion, Crete of Greece Fig. 1: Daily Dry Temperature in Heraklion in DView soſtware Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Materials and Methods Assessment tools used : • Google SketchUp & Legacy Open Studio plugin - division in 27 thermal zones (T.O.T.E.E. Protocols) • EnergyPlus Imported parameters: - Building materials (T.O.T.E.E. Protocols) - Internal gains (ASHRAE, IES), zones airflows, HVAC - Schedules (according to hotel management info) Fig. 2: 3D Model of the Hotel in SketchUp Materials and Methods Proposed scenarios: • Night Vevnlaon - decrease the value of day venlaon - increase the value of night venlaon • Low-emissivity Glazing - external layer: Low-e 3mm, G-Value: 0.837→0.63 - air cavity filling → Argon 12mm • External Insulaon - external layer → expanded polisteryne plates - exterior walls U-value: 1.66 → 0.47 - exterior roof U-value: 1.94 → 0.49 • Photovoltaic system - interconnected PV system -net metering- 94 PV monocrystalline silicon panels of 245 Wa inclinaon 30° Cost viability • research for technology systems that implement the above scenarios • esmaon of payback period for each one Results !!! Energy Consumpon = Ideal Electrical Energy Consumpon Required Base Case - Total Energy Consumpon: 36.29 kWh/m²/year Fig. 3: Monthly Energy Consumpon - 5% /year reducon in Energy Consumpon - Excepted payback period: 19 years (EBMS-Window Control System) Low-e Glazing (Scenario 2) - 3.36% /year reducon in Energy Consumpon - Excepted payback period: 25 years Night Venlaon (Scenario 1) Fig. 4: Daily Mean Temperature in West Rooms of 1 st Floor thermal zone Fig. 5: Hourly Mean Temperature in West Rooms of 2 nd Floor thermal zone, highest radiaon day: 12/07 (Dview soſtware) Results Conclusions External Insulaon (Scenario 3) - 18.2% /year retducon in Energy Consumpon - Excepted payback period: 26 years PV System (Scenario 4) - Annual producon 8.7 kWh/m² → 23.7%/year of the Total Energy Consumpon - Excepted payback period: 16 years All Intervenons simultaneously (Scenario1&2&3&4) - 49.9%/year reducon in Total Energy Consumpon Fig. 6: Mean Daily Temperature in West Rooms of 3 rd Floor thermal zone - Excepted payback period: 21 years Table : Monthly Energy Consumpon Fig. 7: Annual Energy Consumpon • Most efficient soluon: Scenario 4 (23.7% energy saving) • Cost viable soluon: Scenario 4 (16 years payback period) • Most environment friendly soluon: the simultaneous implementaon of all the proposed intervenons (approximately 50% energy saving) References 1.SETE, Associaon of Greek Tourism Enterprises, The importance of Tourism 2012 2.ΙΟΒΕ, Foundaon for Economic and Industrial Research 3. M. Santamouris , C.A. Balaras , E. Dascalaki , A. Argiriou, A. Gaglia. Energy conservaon and retrofing potenal in Hellenic hotels. Energy and Buildings 24 (1996) 65-75 4.T.O.T.E.E., Technical Instrucons of the Technical Chamber of Greece 20701-1/2010 and 20701-2/2010 5. ASHRAE, American Society of Heang, Refrigerang and Air-Condioning Engineers, ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55, ASHRAE Fundamentals 2009 6. IES, Illuminang Engineering Society of North America, Lighng Handbook: Reference & Applicaon, 8th Edion Acknowledgement We are grateful to the building owner and facility manager for providing data. We would also like to thank Fanis Psomas for his advice and support. Personal Informaon Papadaki Maria-Eleni Papasifaki Alkyoni [email protected] [email protected] +30 6942588537 +30 6973538136 Objecves 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 kWh/m² Months air-cooling electrical equipment &lighng Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 28 29 30 31 32 33 1:00 3:00 5:00 7:00 9:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 21:00 23:00 ° C Hours Base Case Scenario 2 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 04/01 04/11 04/21 05/01 05/11 05/21 05/31 06/10 06/20 06/30 07/10 07/20 07/30 08/09 08/19 08/29 09/08 09/18 09/28 10/08 o C Days Base Case Scenario 1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Base Case Scenario 1 Scenario 1&2 Scenario 1&2&3 Scenario 1&2&3&4 kWh/m ² 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 04/01 04/15 04/29 05/13 05/27 06/10 06/24 07/08 07/22 08/05 08/19 09/02 09/16 09/30 10/14 o C Days Base Case Scenario 3 Months Total January Before 0 0 0 0 0 1.43 3.01 6.81 9.16 8.75 5.46 1.67 36.29 0 0 0 0 0 1.32 1.94 4.75 6.85 6.68 4.00 1.25 26.79 0.51 0.45 0.67 0.49 0.41 0.72 0.81 0.88 0.93 0.95 0.89 0.90 8.61 18.18 Aſter February March April May June July August September October November December Required Energy Consumpon (kWh/m2) Generated Energy by PV System (kWh/m2) Final Energy Consumpon Required (kWh/m2)
