Energy Piles NIGG 2

8/13/2019 Energy Piles NIGG 2

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1

Peter Smith – Cementation Skanska Geothermal Manager ([email protected])

Energy Piles® – Renewable Energy from Foundations





Slide 3

DriversConcern for the environment− Depletion of fossil fuels

− Damaging effect of carbon dioxide emissions

Government Legislation− Climate Change Act - 80% Reduction in carbon emissions by 2050− Planning Policies – Merton rule− Building Regs Part L− Code for sustainable Homes

Financial Incentives

− Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC)- 2012− Renewable Heat incentive (RHI) – June 2011

Corporate responsibility

– Best Green Company in the Construction Industry

2011 Cementation

CN SpecialistSustainability

Awards

2011 Skanska

Best UK GreenCompany



Slide 4

Ground Sourced Heat Pump (GSHP) Principle

2 June 2009 TrinityHaus colloquium

Geothermal heat flow(0.06 W/m 2)

Solar /atmospheric energy(10’s -100’s W/m 2)

Ground Temperature 10o

-12o

Pass a fluid through a constant 12 o

temperature ground:− A cooler fluid will increase in

temperature, (used for heating )− A warmer fluid will decrease in

temperature (used for cooling )

The magnitude of this temperaturedifferential is around 3 o-5 o

Need to maintain this differential for

gshp system viabilityDesigned to be maintained withseasonal heating and cooling cycles



Slide 5

Typical Heat Pump Installations

130kw Units



Slide 62 June 2009 TrinityHaus colloquium

Ground sourced heat pump system

HEAT PUMP

Compressor

Expansion valve

Pump

Pump

SOURCE CIRCUIT(Geothermal piles)

SECONDARY CIRCUIT(Building)

Cool

Warm

Hot

Warm

C o ol

W a r m

System is reversible allowing for both heating and cooling

Hot

6o

30 o

50 o

10 o

Heat

Exchanger

Heat

Exchanger



Slide 7

Primary circuit options for GSHP systems

Systems can be combined to give optimal solutionSystems can be combined to give optimal solution

Adopted system depends on geography, geology and geometry

Open Loop SystemClosed Loop Systems



Slide 8

Typical design values*

Performance

Dry ground gives lower yield

Mobile groundwater enhances performance

Balanced heating/cooling system is most efficient

Pile foundations (300mm to 500mm diameter) = 40 to 60W/m

Pile foundations (600mm diameter and greater) = 35W/m 2 contact area

Diaphragm/Pile Walls (fully embedded section) = 30W/m 2 contact area.

*Indicative values



Slide 9

Benefits of using GSHP systemsOperational benefit:

Highly efficient (COP ~ 4)

60 to 70% fuel cost savings

Inherent reliability and easilymaintained

20 year typical unit life200+ year ground loop life

All Units Heat & Cool and

therefore typical 50% spacesaving

Environmental benefit :

No local emissions, pollution or

noiseUp to 50% reduction on overallbuilding carbon emissions

Typically achieves up to 16%renewable content

Satisfy Planning approval

Contributes to BREEAM / LEEDstatus

*Green = sustainability benefitMain downside is high initial capital cost



Slide 10

Payback Period A 4 storey further education college extension, requiring 150 kW peakheating and cooling loads

100 piles 600 diameter 25m deep with 2 loops per pile

Rotary PilesCfa Piles

Total

EO Groundworks

EO PilingEO GSHP System

Indicative CostsIndicative CostsElementElement

Annual Savings £27,340 /year £27,340/year Payback Time 5.3 years 4.5 years

Thereafter Cost Benefit !!Thereafter Cost Benefit !!

£110,000 £110,000£30,000 £10,000

£5,000 £5,000

£145,000 £125,000



Slide 11

Piling costs - depends on technique which depends on ground conditions

Rotary CFA

EO EO10% 30%

+ steel+ crane



Slide 12

Integration of Energy pile ® Projects

Piling Contractor

M & E Engineer Architect /Consulting Engineer

Building Systems

Main Contractor

M & E Contractor

Geothermal Contractor

Groundworker

Geothermal works bridges across the Civil – Mechanical divide, starting with foundations andonly completing on building commissioning



Slide 13

Integration - DesignGeotechnical, Structural and M&E designsmust be integrated and compatible.Redundancy levels should be mutuallyagreed between all parties. Redundancyarises from risk in:

Pile installationOperational damage (ie trimming)Geothermal design – (thermalconductivity)

There is a need for a central co-ordinator Clash with headering and drainage



Slide 14

TestingTest at every stage to confirm ongoing

system integrityUse test at a hold and responsibilityhandover point between contractors

ProtectionFoam around loop, encased in plasticas a standard

Prevent ingress of materials likely toblock fluid flow

Protect from damage of follow ontrades.



Slide 15

One New Change

18 Contracts

Development & trials

CFA

Driven

Rotary

Bentonite

Plunge Columns

DiaphragmWall

Continuous Improvement withincreased piling technique

complexity

Development of Energy Piles ®

Key AllianceKeble College

Pallant House Chichester

DTi PII Project StartGeothermal DCIS & CFA Trials Poole

Minipile Trials Ravenscraig

CFA Trials Newcastle

CFA Trial at Telford

2004

2002

2001

North Kent Police Station

DCIS Trials & Conductivity Trial with GI Enfield

City Of London Information Centre

2005

Euston Travelodge HotelPaddington Building 3

2006

2007

2003

2008

One New Change 2009Bankside

Crown PlaceDalham Hall Stud Farm

Lambeth College

Westminster College

Aylesbury TheatreVictoria tower, Belfast

Christchurch University, Kent

KnightsbridgeWest End Green

2010

Leadenhall



Slide 16

Keble College - OxfordEnergy Wall TM

First UK geothermalproject

Rotary Technique− 750mm diameter

hard / soft secantwall. (12.5m)

− 450mm diabearing piles (5m)

45 kW heating andcooling

Saves 40T of CO2emissions annually

Current performancereview by Arup



Slide 17

North Kent Police Station

280 Driven Cast inSitu EnergyPiles ®(20m deep)

80 boreholes (100mdeep)

830 kW heatingand1350 kW cooling


Combined Pile andBorehole solution



Slide 18

Belfast - Musgrave StIreland first - energypiles® constructed to

20m373 Nr piles EnergyPiles ® up to 600mmdia.

Geothermal Size:− 750 kW Heating− 750 kW Cooling




Slide 19

Neo Bankside, SouthwarkUK first - deepest energy pilesconstructed to date at 52m

Multi loop piles installed under abentonite technique

130 Nr piles Energy Piles ® up to1.5m dia.

Geothermal Size:− 760 kW Heating− 650 kW Cooling

Saves 450T of CO2 emissionsannually

Main contractor procured the pilingand geothermal separately





Slide 21

Headering up

Testing Cap connection

Pile connection



Slide 22

London : One New Change



Slide 23© Geothermal International

ONC: Geothermal Scheme

BREEAM EXCELLENT

UK largest Energy Pile ® scheme

Foundations valued at £13.5 million, subcontractgeothermal Plant room £2.5 million

Piling contractor responsible for procuring thedesign and geothermal works

Secant wall stretching 3 double basements deep

Plunge columns for top down construction

10% Renewable geothermal contributionproviding 1.6 MW heating and1.7 MW cooling

– 219 Energy Piles (up to 2.5m dia, 38m deep) – 2 Open Loop Deep Wells to 150m

Save 1,440T of CO2 emissions annually



B1 Slab

B2 Slab

B3 Slab

Foundation Scope

Top Down

(Down up)construction

415m of secantwall with 880 or1180mm diameterpiles up to 39mdeep

120 contained Cemloc®plunge columns

250 piles, 900 to 2400mmdiameter, installed up to 40m(max 7,000 Tonnes)

219 were designatedenergy piles ®.

Ground Level

+ further floors



Slide 25

Foundation Installation



Slide 26

Closed loops in BuildingPiles

Open Abstraction/ RejectionWells

Plate Frame Heat

Exchanger's )

Closed Internal Loop Circulating toFeed Heat Pumps and ThroughBuilding Piles

Heating & Cooling Headers

ONCSchematic



Slide 27

ONC:OpenLoopWells




ONC: Cage DesignThree sections of reinforcement cages to join

One continuous length of geothermal loop in each pile

Loops filled with water and pressurised for installation



Essential Elements Include:

Perimeter Wall Piles

Embedded Columns

Low cut off bearing piles

Progressive Excavation

Energy pile®

ONC Top-down Construction



Slide 30

Foundation Plan

St Paul’s



Slide 31

14 Basement Headering Zones & Loop Runs



Slide 32

ONC : Geothermal Ring Mains

Plant Room risers and well head

Geothermal Ring Mains




ONC : Headering WorksCentral Cores

Basement



Slide 34

Basement Slab



Slide 35

Plant Room



Slide 36

ONC : Plant room

Circulation Pumps Well Pump



Slide 37

Completed Plant Room

Computer drivenaccording to variousscenarios



Slide 38

ONC Switch On by UK Climate ChangeMinister - Greg Barker

“One New Change has set its sights onbeing the most innovative shoppingdestination in the City, so it’s no surpriseit has installed the latest state-of-the-art

energy efficient heating system. This isBritish innovation at its best, using theearth’s natural resources to solve ourenergy needs. Extracting warmth fromthe ground underneath London will help

save on the building’s heating bills andwill cut carbon.”



Slide 39

Knightsbridge Palace HotelFirst UK Energy Wall® Scheme, valued at£4.8 million

Diaphragm wall and Plunge columns for topdown construction

Geothermal Requirements of 10%Renewables: – 150 kW Heating and Cooling

50 Energy Piles (162 loops up to 24m frombasement level)

54 Loops in 150m long diaphragm wall(36m deep)

Will save 100T of CO2 emissions annually



Slide 40

Knightsbridge

Basement

Level

Ground

Level

Energy Wall®

Energy Piles®

SSL

FFL

2 5 0 0

2 2 2 5

2 5 0 0

5000

5 0 0 0

5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000

5 0 0 0

5 0 0 0

5 0 0 0

5 0 0 0

9 8

3 0 0 0 2 8 8 8

4 1 1 2

3 3 4 7

3 4 3 4

3 3 4 7

3 3 4 7

3 2 6 0

2 7 1 3

4 1 1 2

2 713

2 7 1 3

2712

3300330033003300330033003300330033003300

4019

2 8 8 8

3 2 7

2

3 2 7

3

4 1 1 2

3 0 9 8

3 4 4 8

3 2 7 3

3 2 7 3

3 2 6 4

3 2 7

3

2 7

1 3

3 9 1 2

2887

3 8 3 2

4 0 0 7

3 6 1 0



Slide 41

Alternative Design

Adopted – diaphragm wall and piles(150kW heating and cooling)

Proposed – diaphragm wall and the floor slab(85kW heating and cooling)



Slide 42

Knightsbridge Plan

Diaphragm Wall installation

Ground Source Heat Pump Schematic



Slide 43

Energy Wall ®



Slide 44

Plunge Columns



Slide 45

Research Projects

3 smartpiles® instrumented with fibre optic

cables and strain gauges5yr project to monitor long term effects ofheating and cooling on pile foundation loads

Neo Bankside

Lambeth CollegeFirst UK research to examine the thermo-mechanical response of energy piles.

7 week preliminary testing research project

Test piles, boreholes and anchor piles wereInstrumented with strain gauges

Test pile held at working load while cycling

heat and cooling



Slide 46

Test beam and pileunder test

Heat Pump

Lambeth CollegeHeat SinkPile

Pile Instrumentation



Slide 47

Research Conclusion

There are no major concerns for piles that areshaft dominated and in stiff soils.

Caution needs to be applied if Mechanical load mobilises significant proportion ofshaft resistance

Applied concrete stresses are high

Piles need to be designed with an adequate

factor of safety



Slide 48

Gloucester Police HQ - Boreholes150 boreholes

Depth 98m

Geothermal Size− 640kW Heating− 860kW Cooling

Saves 480T of CO2

emissions annually



Slide 49

City Of London Information Centre BoreholesSkanskasponsoreddevelopment

3 boreholes to75m

Geothermal Size−

11 kW Heating− 17 kW Cooling

Provides allheating andcooling




Mansfield Hospital – Pond Loops (Skanska PFI)Largest Geothermal Development in UK

140 Slim Jim™ Pond Loops

65,000m 2 Lake

42 Heat Exchangers

Geothermal Size:− 5 MW Heating−

5.4 MW CoolingSaves 1,700T of CO2 emissions annually



Slide 51

Benefits of using EnergyPiles ® / Energy Walls®Piles have dual functionality – structural and as energysource

One of the cheapest sources of ground energy

Relatively low extra over cost to use the piles (dependson technique)

Minimal impact on piling program

Provides a Stable & Sustainable renewable energy− Advantage for BREEAM / LEED buildings− Reduces CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere.

Cementation piles have saved nearly 4,000T ofthese emissions



Slide 522 June 2009 TrinityHaus colloquium

Our Energy PilesOur Energy Piles® / Energy Walls® save >3800 tonnes COsave >3800 tonnes CO 22 every year every year Energy Pil es® Installed an d CO2 Saved per year

440

929 909

130 49

37093805

3257

1248

467

930

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

N u m

b e r o f p i l e s

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

C O

2 t o n n e s

/ y e a r S a v e d

Cumulative no. piles ins talled 150 590 1519 2428 2558 2607

Piles installed per year 150 440 929 909 130 49

Total carbon sav ings (T/yr) 93 467 1248 3257 3709 3805

pre 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010



Slide 53

And finally …… use GSHP Energy andEnergy Piles ® before it is to late!

Thanks for listening!

Any questions?

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Energy Piles NIGG 2

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