Overview of Municipal Standards for Determination of Energy Compliance ENERGY PLANNING & ACT 174
Transcript
Overv iew of Municipal Standards for Determination of Energy Compl iance
ENERGY PLANNING & ACT 174
What we will be discussing: Overview of VT Energy Planning Review of Municipal Energy Planning Standards
What we will not be discussing:
State energy policy as a whole.
ACT 174 PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
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Review of Municipal Energy Planning Standards What they are What they mean How communities will meet them
Why and how are we here?
OVERVIEW
Environmental Reasons
Economic Reasons
Long-term Energy Security Reasons
WHY PLAN?
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Environmental Reasons: -Climate change and greenhouse gas emissions Other air and water pollution from fossil fuel combustion Impacts of coal mining Nuclear plant safety and waste storage Economic Reasons: Reducing the amount of money exported from the state and from our region for energy purchases. Investment in local energy projects and services (jobs), including biomass fuel production, building weatherization, alternative heating systems, renewable energy projects,… Reduce uncertainty in energy supply and cost. Long-Term Energy Security Reasons: Reduce reliance on uncertain contracts from large out-of-state and foreign suppliers (of liquid petroleum fuels, electricity,….) Improved efficiency and reduced cost Uncertainties in the availability and cost of nonrenewable energy sources Maintain quality of life and viable economic systems
2011 Comprehensive Energy Plan Driven primarily by a desire to reduce greenhouse gasses*
Other goals Reduce total energy consumption per capita 90% by 2050 Renewable end use sector goals for transportation, buildings, and
electric power
HISTORY OF ENERGY PLANNING IN VT
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Driven primarily by a desire to reduce greenhouse gasses*, Vermont established a comprehensive energy plan in 2011. The plan included some very lofty goals:� Reduce total energy consumption per capita by 15% by 2025 & > 1/3 by 2050 Meet 25% of remaining energy need from renewables by 2025, 40% by 2035 and 90% by 2050 Renewable end use sector goals for 2025: 10% transportation, 30% buildings, 67% electric power The CEP was updated in 2016.
Energy Generation Sit ing Policy Commission (2013)
Solar Sit ing Task Force (2015)
Energy intertwined with other planning issues: Transportation Housing Natural Resources Land Use Economic Development
INTEGRATING ENERGY AND PLANNING
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Energy Generation Siting Policy Commission (2013) & the Solar Siting Task Force (2015) called for energy planning to be integrated with land use planning. Many of the components of municipal and regional planning are intertwined with energy issues, such as: Transportation Housing Natural Resources Land Use Economic Development
Pilot Project in 2015 Implement the CEP Set regional targets for: Energy conservation Energy generation
Develop specific strategies for: Conservation Energy efficiency Reduced fossil fuel use.
Identify energy resources and areas with the potential for renewable energy projects.
RPC ENERGY PLANNING
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In 2015 the Department of Public Service engaged three of VT’s eleven Regional Planning Commissions in a pilot project to: Develop a total energy pathway to implementing the goals and policies of the CEP at the regional level. Set regional targets for specific energy conservation, generation and fuel switching strategies. Develop specific strategies for conservation, energy efficiency and reduced fossil fuel use. Identify energy resources and areas with the potential for renewable energy projects. The remainder of Vermont’s RPC’s began their projects in 2016.
Quest ions?
OVERVIEW
Enhanced Energy Planning
ACT 174
Act 174 establishes a set of optional municipal and regional energy planning standards.
Standards developed by DPS in November 2016
Communities that meet the standards wil l receive a determination of energy compliance (DOEC). “Substantial deference” under Section 248
ACT 174 - SUMMARY
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Act 174 establishes a set of optional municipal and regional energy planning standards. Enhanced Energy Planning is a volunteer process. Participation is not required.� Plans in communities that opt in will be reviewed using the standards developed as part of Act 174. � Those communities that meet the standards will receive a determination of energy compliance (DOEC).� The Municipal Plans of communities with a DOEC will receive “substantial deference” under Section 248.
Due Consideration Statute cal ls for “due consideration.” Does not define what “due consideration is” or ass ign whether the PSB or the Courts are the ultimate arbiter. The SCOV indicated that the PSB only has to give “due consideration to the recommendations of the municipal and regional planning commissions in deciding [i f] the project wi l l not unduly interfere with the orderly development of the region.”
Substantial Deference Defined in Statute: “that a land conservation measure or specific policy shall be applied in accordance with its terms unless there is a clear and convincing demonstration that other factors affecting the general good of the State outweigh the application of the measure or policy.”
SUBSTANTIAL DEFERENCE
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The SCOV wrestled with “due consideration” in Rutland’s appeal of the Cold River decision in 2015, ultimately decided not to define the term. *City of S. Burlington, 133 Vt. at 447, 344 A.2d at 25
“determination standards for energy compliance”
Standard of review Same as for “Regional Approval” Outlined in §4302(f) - requires “substantial progress toward
attainment of the goals.”
All sections of plan wil l be considered
Policies can’t be confl icting policy between chapters.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
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The “determination standards for energy compliance” are a checklist-based application that will be used to determine if a regional or municipal plan is consistent with the requirements of statute.� The standard of review is the same as is outlined in §4302(f), which requires “substantial progress toward attainment of the goals. [THIS NEEDS TO BE CONFIRMED AND IF IT IS THE STANDARD, HOW IS THE “OUT” PROVIDED IN THAT SECTION APPROACHED UNDER 174]� Because energy policy has connections to many other parts of a municipal or regional plan beyond the energy chapter, the whole plan will be reviewed against the standards. There should not be conflicting policy between chapters. �Example: Policies in an energy element supporting a land use pattern of densely populated villages and downtowns surrounded by dispersely developed countryside, would be inconsistent with policies in the land use element that called for one-acre density in rural areas.
Locally adopted and regionally approved Plan
Energy Plan as defined in 24 V.S.A. §4348a(a)(3)
Analysis and Targets
Pathways (Implementation Actions)
Mapping
BASIC REQUIREMENTS
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Must have an adopted Plan� Must have an approved Plan� Must have an Energy Plan as defined in 24 V.S.A. §4348a(a)(3), which is somewhat different than the standards requirements for a Municipal Energy element under §4382 (more on this in the next section).� Plan must be consistent with state energy policy including: Greenhouse gas reduction goals Renewable energy goals Building efficiency goals Efficiency and renewable energy generation goals
Quest ions?
ACT 174 SUMMARY
ANALYSIS AND TARGET STANDARDS
Plan must contain an analysis the following across all energy sectors (electric, thermal, transportation*): Resources Needs Scarcities Costs Problems
DPS guidance available
*note that the “across al l energy sectors” component is new, the other components are not.
ANALYSIS AND TARGETS
ANALYSIS AND TARGETS
Estimate current energy use: Transportation, heating and electric
Establish targets: Thermal and electric conservation and efficiency Use of renewable energy for transportation, heating and
electricity. Electric generation
Evaluate needs: Conversion of heating sources Transportation/land use changes Electric-sector conservation and efficiency
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Estimates for current energy use across transportation, heating and electric sectors. Establish targets for thermal and electric efficiency improvements, use of renewable energy for transportation, heating and electricity. Evaluate the amount of thermal sector conservation, efficiency and conversion to alternative heating needed to achieve targets. Evaluate transportation and land use changes needed to achieve targets. Evaluate electric-sector conservation and efficiency needed to achieve targets.
Communit ies can opt to col lect and analyze data themselves, or they can ut i l i ze data prov ided by thei r RPC. Those that use the RPC data wi l l be presumed to have me the standards in th is sect ion.
RPC CAN PROVIDE DATA
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RPC will provide data no later than April 30, 2017
Data and targets should be aligned with state energy policy. If not, must explain how the plan otherwise achieves the
intent of the state goal or policy
DPS wil l be providing guidance to communities
IF YOU DO IT YOURSELF
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Data and targets should be aligned with state energy policy.� If not, municipality must explain how the plan otherwise achieves the intent of the state goal or policy it departs from. DPS will be providing guidance to communities on how they can go about the “do it yourself” method.
Ex. Shaftsbury, VT 2,930 household vehicles (ACS) * 14,000 average miles per
vehicle (DPS Guidance) = 41 million miles/year 41 million miles/year / 25 MPG (DPS Guidance)= 1.64 million
gallons 1.64 million gallons * $2.25/gallon = $3.7 million in gasoline
expenditures per year Gas v. Ethanol (DPS = 10%) 1.64 mill ion gallons * .1 = 164,080 gallons of ethanol
EVs
ESTIMATING USE: TRANSPORTATION
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Applying the DPS Guidelines for Shaftsbury From Census ACS: 1,548 housing units 1 vehicle available = 364 2 vehicles available = 728 *2 = 1,456 3+ vehicles available = 370 * 3 = 1,110 (minimum) 364 + 1,456 + 1,110 = 2,930 total household vehicles 2,930 vehicles * 14,000 miles average per vehicle (Shaftsbury is a rural /commuter town so I used the upper end of the suggested 9,000 – 15,000 mile range) = 41,020,000 miles / year 41,020,000 / 25 MPG (top of the range from the Guidelines to produce a conservative estimate) = 1,640,800 gallons 1,640,800 gallons * $2.25/gallon = $3,691,800 gasoline expenditures per year The Guidelines assume ethanol use at 10% of total (by volume): 1,640,800 gallons * 0.9 = 1,476,720 gallons of gasoline 1,640,800 gallons * 0.1 = 164,080 gallons of ethanol (Although given the embedded fossil fuel cost in ethanol, I’m not sure the breakout is all that important.) According to the DriveElectricVT website there are less than five EVs in Shaftsbury so I’d just make mention of that number and not worry about MMBtu calculations. But there are other methods: Methodology from the 2012 Bennington Town Energy Plan From the 2010 US Census: 6,378 housing units * 1.90 average vehicles/unit = 12,118 vehicles 12,118 vehicles * 14,000 avg miles/vehicle (FHWA estimate) = 169,652,000 miles driven per year 169,652,000 miles / 25 miles per gallon (US EPA estimate) = 6,786,080 gallons of gasoline per year (assuming nearly all personal vehicle fuel used is gasoline) Current Cost Estimate: 6,786,080 gallons * $2.25/gallon = $15,286,680 estimate annual gasoline expenditure Bennington LDVs The Bennington Town Plan also estimated commercial/industrial fuel use @ 20% of personal vehicle gasoline consumption (I got that from DPS at the time, although I didn’t note the exact source – the statewide data in the CEP does support a comparable percentage). The estimate is thus 6,786,080 gallons * 0.2 = 1,357,200 gallons of diesel. At current cost of approximately $2.50/gallon, the annual cost estimate for diesel fuel is $3,393,000. The Bennington County RC Regional Energy Plan used an estimate of vehicles per licensed driver * population * estimate of fuel use per vehicle (calculated at 15,592 VMT avg/vehicle * 22.8 MPG = 683.87 gallons per vehicle).
Ex. Anytown, VT Home heating fuel by household(ACS) Divide by total households for % of households
Total square feet of housing Owner (Mean people per household (ACS) * median sq. ft. per person
Renter (Mean people per household (ACS) * median sq. ft. per person (American Housing Survey) * owner households (ACS) = Total Square Footage
Square ft. by fuel type = % home heating fuel households * total square footage Energy required for heating = 60,000 BTU/sq. ft. * square ft. by fuel
type
ESTIMATING USE: SINGLE FAMILY HOME HEATING
Ex. Anytown, VT Fuel units used = energy required for heating/BTUs per unit Converting BTUs to units (gallons, cords, pounds, kWh) Ex. 1 gallon of heating oil = 140K BTUs
Cost = Fuel units used * cost per unit (US EIA)
ESTIMATING USE: SINGLE FAMILY HOME HEATING
Quest ions?
ANALYSIS AND TARGET STANDARDS
Pathways to Targets
IMPLEMENTATION ACTIONS
Enhanced Energy Plans must: Include “pathways” and recommended actions to achieve
energy targets Statements of policy Conservation Transportation Land Use Development and Siting of Renewables
Some actions may not be applicable or relevant Provide reasonable justification
POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION
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Enhanced Energy Plans are expected to include pathways and recommended actions to achieve the targets identified through the Analysis and Targets section of the Standards.� Plans are expected to include or otherwise address all of the pathways (implementation actions) but the Standards do recognize that some actions may not be applicable or equally relevant to all applicants. Communities can indicate that a pathway is not applicable as long as a reasonable justification is provided, preferably including an explanation of how the plan alternatively achieves attainment of the targets should be included. The Plan must contain a statement of policy on the conservation and efficient use of energy, and include actions that implement this statement by: encouraging conservation promoting efficient buildings promoting decreased use of fossil fuels for heating improving efficiency of municipal buildings The Plan must contain a statement of policy on reducing transportation energy demand and single-occupancy vehicle use, and encouraging use of renewable or lower-emission energy sources for transportation by: encouraging increased use of public transit promoting a shift away from single-occupancy vehicle trips promoting a shift away from gas/diesel vehicles to electric or other non-fossil fuel transportation options facilitating the development of walking and biking infrastructure leadership by example with respect to the efficiency of municipal transportation The Plan must contain a statement of policy on patterns and densities of land use likely to result in conservation of energy which includes:� Land use policies (and descriptions of current and future land use categories) that demonstrate a commitment to reducing sprawl and minimizing low-density development Strongly prioritizing development in compact, mixed-use centers when physically feasible and appropriate to the use of the development, or identify steps to make such compact development more feasible The Plan must contain a statement of policy on the development and siting of renewable energy resources. Plans are expected to: Evaluate (estimates of or actual) generation from existing renewable energy generation in the municipality (will be available from RPCs) Analyze generation potential to determine potential from preferred and potentially suitable areas in the municipality (will be available from RPCs Identify sufficient land in the municipality for renewable energy development to reasonably reach 2050 targets for renewable electric generation include statements of policy to accompany maps maximize the potential for renewable generation on preferred locations demonstrate the municipality’s leadership by example with respect to the deployment of renewable energy
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POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION
MAPPING STANDARDS
Mapping is required Regional Maps; OR Municipalities may choose to undertake their own mapping.
Municipalit ies expected to work collaboratively with
their regions and with neighboring municipalities to ensure compatibil ity
BASIC REQUIREMENTS
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Mapping is a required component of Enhanced Energy Planning. � Municipalities may use the maps provided by the regions to meet the standards in this section.� Municipalities may choose to undertake their own mapping.� Municipalities are expected to work collaboratively with their regions and with neighboring municipalities to ensure compatibility between the final products. [confirm how conflicts are treated between local and reg plans]
Identify potential areas for renewable energy development:
MAP POTENTIAL AREAS
Solar
Hydro
Wind
Biomass (wood)
Topography of land analyzed based on slope and direction (azimuth) conducted in GIS for ground-mounted solar.
Digitally modeled wind speed (based on topography) analyzed at 3 hub heights.
Existing dams analyzed for potential capacity based on Community Hydro report. No new dams considered.
Land coverage used to determine amount of harvestable wood.
Known Constraints
Conditions which would likely make development unfeasible.
Possible Constraints
Conditions which could impact development, but which would not necessarily prevent it.
MAP POTENTIAL CONSTRAINTS
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Known Constraints Such as: Floodways & River Corridors Federal Wilderness Rare and Irreplaceable natural areas Vernal Pools Class 1 and 2 Wetlands Possible Constraints Such as: Agricultural Soils (all ag-rated soils) Habitat Blocks (ANR class 9 and 10) Hydric Soils Conserved Lands Special Flood Hazard Areas Deer Wintering Areas Class 3 Wetlands Other Resources/Constraints Transmission and Distribution resources and constraints, such as: 3-phase power Known areas of high electric load, etc.
Potential (with Possible Constraints)
Prime Potential (No Constraints)
MAPPED POTENTIAL AREAS
This example shows solar potential.
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Note that as communities use the maps, they can move and add constraints.
Preferred locations: Locally preferred locations Statewide preferred locations Have policies about specific sizes or type of generator
Unsuitable Areas: Areas (or criteria) where Town does not want a generator or a
specific size/type of generator. Must have similar policies for other types of land development.
Any regional or local constraints identified: Supported through data or studies Consistent with the remainder of the plan (and regional plan), No arbitrary prohibition or interference
LOCAL MAPPING DECISIONS
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Preferred Locations: Specific areas (or criteria that defines those areas) where you want a generator or a specific size or type of generator. Includes statewide preferred areas such as rooftops, parking lots, brownfields, previously developed sites, gravel pits, quarries and superfund sites. Other locally preferred locations. Unsuitable Areas: Specific areas (or criteria that defines those areas) where you do not want a generator or a specific size or type of generator. Note that in these areas land use policies applicable to other forms of development in this area should similarly prohibit other types of development [Needs clarification!] Any regional or local constraints identified must be supported through data or studies, are consistent with the remainder of the plan, and do not include an arbitrary prohibition or interference with the intended function of any particular renewable resource size or type.
EX. LOCAL MAPPING
Quest ions?
MAPPING
Regional Energy Plans
Municipal Determination of Energy Compliance directly from DPS. Submit to: [email protected]
RPCs wil l provide map and analysis data by the end of April, 2017.
Municipal assistance
NEXT STEPS
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Your Regional Commission has or will have their own Energy Plan. Until that plan receives certification from the Department of Public Service, your community can seek a Determination of Energy Compliance directly from DPS. The Department of Public Service will be providing additional guidance for municipalities by [NEED DATES] RPCs will have a small pool of funding to assist several communities with developing an energy element that meets these standards. Please contact your Regional Planning Commission for more information.
