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Energy EfficiencyEnergy Efficiency
Developments in the HotelDevelopments in the Hotel
industryindustry
Mr.Boonpong Kijwatanachai
Thai Alternative Engineering Consultant Co.ltd
365/1188 Phuttabucha 47, Thungkrue, Bangmod
Bangkok 10140
Tel. 02 874 8164
Fax. 02 874 8165
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1. Introduction
Hotel Classification
Small and Medium Scale
Large Scale
Classification No. of Room Useable Area Storey Electricity bill
Scale ( sq.m ) ( Index based on 3000kWh/m2-yr )
Small and Medium 20-150 1,000-6,000 1-10 50,000+
Large 100-500+ 6,000-30,000 10-30 300,000+
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2. Energy End Use in Hotel
Other system
28.93%
Sanitary and Waste
system 5.18%
Central
air-conditioning
system 46.65%
Split type air
conditioning system
0.89%
Lighting
system18.36%
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2. Most Typical Load Profile
15-min kW Load Profiles of 5-star Hotel
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
14:15:00
9/11/00
22:30:00
9/11/00
6:45:00
9/12/00
15:00:00
9/12/00
23:15:00
9/12/00
7:30:00
9/13/00
15:45:00
9/13/00
0:00:00
9/14/00
8:15:00
9/14/00
16:30:00
9/14/00
0:45:00
9/15/00
9:00:00
9/15/00
17:15:00
9/15/00
1:30:00
9/16/00
9:45:00
9/16/00
18:00:00
9/16/00
2:15:00
9/17/00
10:30:00
9/17/00
18:45:00
9/17/00
3:00:00
9/18/00
11:15:00
9/18/00
Time
kW
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3. Energy Potential Guideline
Energy Management System
Reduce Loss
Improve Efficiency
Reclaim Heat and Recovery
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Case StudyCase Study
How to conduct energy conservation
How to measure and analysis
How to gathering all data
How to reduce losses and improve efficiency
How to evaluate and follow up
How to do the energy measures and financial model
How to share option
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Hotel
Electricity Thermal
HVAC
Lighting
Waste Water Treatment
Cold Water System
Compressed Air System
Others
Boiler System
(Laundry and Cooking)
Hotel Energy End Use
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Single Line Diagram
G
LIGHTING &
RECEPTACLESSPARE
TIE BUS
ELEVATORS LIGHTING &RECEPTACLES
2500 kVA
33 kV-400/230V
2500 kVA
33 kV-400/230V
AIRCOND.
WATERPUMP
MOTORS ELEVATORS
Electrical System
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Central Cooling Diagram
CHILLER
CHILLED WATER
PUMP
(CHP)
ROOM
AHU/FCUs
CONDENSER WATER PUMP
(CDP) COOLING
TOWER
(CT)
HVAC
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P3
P2
P1
P4
P5
P6
F
F
S
P7 P8 P9
BOOSTER PUMP
SOFT WATER PUMPWATER TANK
COLD WATER PUMP
SUPPLY
Cold Water Supply Diagram
Sanitary System
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Waste Water Treatment Diagram
TRANSFER
SUMP PUMPS COMMINUTOR
AERATED GRIT
CHAMBER ANDPREAERATION
AB
CLARIFIER
SPRAY WATER
STORAGE TANK
CHLORINE
CONTACTTANK
EFFLUENT
PUMP SUMPS
TO PUBLIC
SEWERAERATION TANK
AB CI2
SLUDGE SUMP
SLUDGE
DEWATERING
MACHINE
DRY SOLIDS
TO DISPOSALAB
RETURN
SLUDE
EXCESS SLUDE
CI2
AB
PUMP
AIR BLOWER
CHLORINE GAS
Waste Water System
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Power x Time of use
Energy use
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Step1 :
Step 2 :
Survey all Thermal and Electricity Equipment
Detail energy end use per annual
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Step 1 HVAC Chiller
Chilled Water Pump Condenser Water Pump
Cooling Tower
AHU/FCU
Lighting
Cold water
Waste water
Lift and escalator
Others
Cold Water Pump
Booster Pump
Soft Water Pump
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CHILLER AUDITCHILLER AUDIT
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CHILLER AUDITCHILLER AUDIT
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Flow meter
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Power Meter
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Air flow meter and Hygrometer
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March 4, 2010 49Power meter
SPLIT TYPE AUDITSPLIT TYPE AUDIT
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SPLIT TYPE AUDITSPLIT TYPE AUDIT
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WATER PUMP AUDITWATER PUMP AUDIT
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20 C
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Step 2
Lighting16 %
Cold water12 %
Lift5 %
Sanitary3 %
Others4 % HVAC
60 %
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Hygiene 34 %Drying machine 54 %
Ironing 8 %
Washing 4 %
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Recommendation to measure
Position to measure
Type of instrument
Accuracy
Condition of machine
Method of measure
Others
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1 Hygrometer
2 Anemometer
3 Power Meter
4 Flow Meter
5 Conductivity Water Analysis
6 Thermocouple
7 Lux Meter
8 Power Recorder
Load profiles in one week
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Load profiles in one week
LOAD PROFILE
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2:00:00 PM
28/10/2003
2:00:00 AM
29/10/2003
2:00:00 PM
29/10/2003
2:00:00 AM
30/10/2003
2:00:00 PM
30/10/2003
2:00:00 AM
31/10/2003
2:00:00 PM
31/10/2003
2:00:00 AM
1/11/2003
2:00:00 PM
1/11/2003
2:00:00 AM
2/11/2003
2:00:00 PM
2/11/2003
2:00:00 AM
3/11/2003
2:00:00 PM
3/11/2003
2:00:00 AM
4/11/2003
2:00:00 PM
4/11/2003
Time
kW
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Losses in the systems are mostly come from improper operation
and maintenance
Efficiency / Efficacy means:
Losses
Control Method
Operation Hours
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Recognize
Problem
Analyze Variance
to Problems
Establish Reportingand
Control System
Monitor and Follow-up
Energy Report toManagement
(Implementation)
Identify andAnalyze ECOs
ConductEnergyAudit
Plan to TakeAction
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Energy Saving=
Baseline Energy Use - Post installation Energy Use
Engineering Calculations
Metering and Monitoring
Billing Analysis
Computer Simulation
Assessment and agreement between relevant firms
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Example Graph
kw/ton
% Load
Ton of Cooling
Time
kwh
Ambient Temp.
% Occupancy
Time
Example of Energy Measures
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1. Proper adjust room temperature
Existing :
Room temperature 25 OC
Chilled water flow rate = 900 GPM
Water friction losses = 50,926 Btu/hr 25 OC= 848,770 Btu/hr
Adjust temperature to 27
O
C= 667,541 Btu/hr
Adjust temperature to 28 OC= 542,075 Btu/hr
: 27 oC = (667,541 + 50,926) = 59.87
12,000
28 oC = (542,075 + 50,926) = 49.4 12,000
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During night time room temperature can be increased and saving will be as shown
Room temerature 27 OC = (93.7 - 82.0) x 12 x 30 = 4,212 kWh/
Tariff rate 2 /kWh) = 8,424/
Room temerature 28 OC = (82.0 - 76.1) x 12 x 30 = 2,124 kWh/(Tariff rate 2 /kWh) = 4,248 /
10 20 50100 % Load
100 % kW
28
50
Room Temp RT % of use % kW kW
25 75 25 32 93.7
27 59.8 20 28 82.0
28 49.4 16.5 26 76.1
Part Load Performance Graph of Room Temperature
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Daily Energy Measures
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Daily Energy Measures
1. Turn off unused lamps
2. Traffic planning
3. Optimization of HVAC
4. Increasing room air conditioning as much as
possible
5. Optimization of water
6. Reuse and recycle papers
7. Turn off PC and notebook computer
8. Regular maintenance HVAC
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AA
Thank you for your attention
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Thank you for your attention