ENERGY STAR for Multifamily High Rise Buildings

ENERGY STAR for

Multifamily High Rise

Buildings

RESNET Conference 2012

Austin, Texas

Outline

• Why ENERGY STAR?

• Why a new program for MFHR?

• Recent Program Updates

• Building Eligibility

• How to Participate

• Earning the ENERGY STAR for MFHR

• Program Guidance

2

Training Webinars

• Online training for MFHR developer partners,

modelers, field inspectors, licensed professionals,

and other program participants available at

www.energystar.gov/mfhr

• Ten narrated webinars that cover:

– Prescriptive and Performance Paths

– Modeling

– Testing and Verification protocols

– Tools that facilitate program reporting

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http://www.energystar.gov/mfhr

ENERGY STAR MFHR Webinar Series

• Overview of ENERGY STAR for Multifamily High

Rise Requirements

• Introduction to the Prescriptive Path

• Introduction to the Performance Path

• Using the ENERGY STAR Simulation Guidelines

• Using the Performance Path Calculator

• Introduction to the Testing and Verification

Protocols

• Using the T&V Worksheets

4

ENERGY STAR Technical Documents

(www.energystar.gov/mfhr)

Requirements

• Performance Path (9 pages)

• Prescriptive Path (13 pages)

• Simulation Guidelines

• Testing and Verification Protocols

Tools

• Performance Path Calculator

• Testing and Verification Worksheets

Guidance

• Sample submittals, Policy Record & Eligibility Flow Chart

• Energy Modeling Quality Control Checklist

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More Information

Questions/Comments:

[email protected]

Website:


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mailto:[email protected]


Why earn the ENERGY STAR?

• Local incentives, rebates, financing req‟ts

• Local requirements

• First step to achieving green building

certifications (LEED, Green Communities)

• Faster lease-up and sales

• Reduced building utility and maintenance bills

• Testing and verification provides quality

assurance

7

Value Proposition

Occupants

• Improved comfort & indoor air quality

• Lower utility bills (if not included in rent or if owned)

• “Right thing to do”

Building Owner

• Preferred Financing

• Attract more tenants quickly w/ES brand and lower bills

• High ROI where owner pays utility bills

General Contractor

• Less defects results in less risk.

• Reduced call-back service costs

• Better quality control of subcontractors

Environment

• Using less fossil fuels

• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions

• Water savings

• Lower Demand (kW)

8

Why a new program

for Multifamily High

Rise?

10

EPA Objectives for ENERGY STAR

MFHR Program

• Fill programmatic gap in ENERGY STAR residential new

construction program

• Setting energy efficiency standard for other state and

national programs to reference

• Represent real reductions in energy consumption

• Cost effective

• Offer a process that is consistent, replicable, and

addresses the barriers to energy efficiency in this rapidly

growing building sector

Completing the ES Residential Picture

• New Homes Program

– Single family

– Manufactured/Modular Homes

– Low rise MF units (<3 stories)

– 4 or 5 stories (in-unit systems)

– Any MF with 4 units or less

• MFHR Program

– 4 or 5 stories (central systems)

– 6 or more stories

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ENERGY STAR Qualified MFHR

Buildings Feature

Effective

Insulation

High Performance

Windows

Properly Sized

Equipment

3rd Party Tested

and Verified

Tight Construction

and Ducts

ENERGY STAR

Appliances

ENERGY STAR

Lighting

Multifamily High-Rise vs. Other

Residential Buildings

MFHR

• Development time (2 - 5 years)

• ENERGY STAR products not always available

• Multiple HVAC configurations (central and in-unit)

• Currently no national 3rd party verification organization

• Modeling is technical and requires special expertise

• Building science is not as well understood

• Multiple verification visits needed

• Significant common areas

MFLR and Single Family

• Development time (3 - 12 Months)

• ENERGY STAR products for residential applications

• ENERGY STAR HVAC available

• RESNET

• Modeling easy and cost effective

• Building science well understood

• 2-3 verification visits needed

• Common areas not addressed

13

Recent Program Updates

1. Homes permitted beginning on January 1, 2012

must meet ENERGY STAR v.3

– Includes low rise multifamily units

– Except some projects financed through low-

income housing agencies

2. On July 1, 2011 multifamily high rise (MFHR)

buildings became eligible to earn the ENERGY

STAR

3. As of July 1, 2012, some MF buildings that were in

Homes, will transition to MFHR Program

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Attached Housing Policy

• If your multifamily is eligible for the Homes Program:

– Attached Housing Policy no longer exists under

Version 2.5 or 3.0

– Attached housing can still earn the ENERGY

STAR in the Homes program, but modeling

requirements have changed

– Follow RESNET Standards (worst-case model of

each unique floorplan), rather than modeling just

one unit per floor.

15

Attached Housing Policy

Version 2 • Each unit modeled individually or

the unit per floor with the highest

percentage of exposed wall area

can be used as a proxy for all other

units on that same floor if the other

units have the same or less

window-to-floor area ration, and the

same or more stringent energy

features

4 stories = 4 models

Version 2.5 or 3 • Each unit modeled individually or

follow RESNET Sampling where

the worst case configuration of

each unique floorplan would need

to be modeled

4 stories = ?? models

Ex. 8 unit types x 3 = 24 models

• EPA is reviewing decision on

allowing whole building modeling to

generate HERS index for all units in

building

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Policy Record

• MFHR still under Version 1.0

• Revisions will not occur as often as

ENERGY STAR Homes Program

• Similar Policy Record as Homes will be

available online

• These include changes, clarifications and

comments that can be used in the current

program, until adopted in Version 2.0

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Outline

Why ENERGY STAR?

Why a new program for MFHR?


• Building Eligibility




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Building Eligibility

ENERGY STAR MFHR Building

Eligibility

• The intended use of the building must be for residential

purposes. Commercial facilities such as motels/hotels,

nursing homes, assisted-living facilities, and dormitories are

not eligible

• If the building includes both residential and commercial

space:

– The residential and residential-associated common

space must consist of more than 50% of the occupiable

square footage of the entire building; and

– The residential space must be separately metered from

the commercial space

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Building Eligibility Definitions

• Occupiable: For the purpose of determining „occupiable‟ building

square footage in mixed-use buildings, garage space is not

considered „occupiable‟.

• Residential-associated Common Space: includes any spaces

within the building that serves a function in support of the

residential part of the building that is not part of a dwelling unit.

This includes spaces used by residents, such as corridors, stairs,

lobbies, laundry rooms, computer rooms, and residential

recreation rooms. This also includes offices used by building

management, administration or maintenance and all special use

areas located in the building to serve and support the residents

such as day-care facilities, gyms, common kitchens, etc.

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Eligibility

• New construction or substantially rehabilitated multifamily

buildings

– 5 or more units; and

– 4 or more stories above-grade AND not eligible for ENERGY

STAR New Homes Program (ie. has central systems or more

than 20% common area)

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Building Eligibility Definitions

• Substantially rehabilitated: defined as a change of use,

reconstruction of a vacant structure, or when construction work

requires that the building be out of service for at least 30

consecutive days.

• Stories: A story includes any floor with living or commercial

space. A fully below-grade basement or cellar is not considered a

story for the purposes of eligibility, nor is a floor that is 80% or

more garage space or otherwise not occupiable.

• Above-Grade: A story is considered „above-grade‟ if more than

half of the gross surface area of the exterior walls is above-grade.

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Eligibility Decision Tree

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Outline

Why ENERGY STAR?







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How to Participate

ENERGY STAR Partnership and

Project Application

ENERGY STAR MFHR Developer Partnership

• Commitment to program requirements

• How to use the ENERGY STAR Logo on MFHR

buildings

ENERGY STAR MFHR Project Application

• Required for each project

• Holds project to specific version of the program‟s

requirements (up to 3 years)

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Role and Expectations of Developer

Role

• Partner with EPA and submit Project Application to EPA

• Identify a Licensed Professional to validate submitted documents

• Commit to benchmarking building in Portfolio Manager

Expectations

• Provide access to EPA for QA inspections

• Costs of implementing the program requirements

– Energy conservation measures

– Energy modeling

– General contractor and design team time

– Subcontractor training

– Testing and Verification

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Role of Licensed Professional

• Work with project design team

• Coordinate modeling of Baseline and Proposed building

OR guide design team through Prescriptive Path

requirements

• Validate plan review to ensure final design meets

requirements and necessary details are included in bid

specifications

• Validate on-site inspections during construction to

ensure measures are installed as specified

• Validate final inspection performance testing

• Submit required documentation to EPA

Outline

Why ENERGY STAR?




How to Participate



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Earning the ENERGY STAR for MFHR

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Mandatory Requirements

Performance Path Prescriptive Path

Testing and Verification

ENERGY STAR

Benchmarking

The Value of Benchmarking

• Identify billing errors

• Assess effectiveness of current operations, policies, and practices

• Assist in the planning process: set goals, targets, timelines, prioritize capital improvements

• Contribute to more responsible management

• Be more responsive to building occupants

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Two Paths to ENERGY STAR

• Performance Path

– Meet Prerequisites

– Conduct Energy Modeling

– Build according to Design

– Conduct Testing and Verification

• Prescriptive Path

– Meet Prerequisites

– Build according to Prescriptive Requirements

– Conduct Testing and Verification

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Meeting the Prerequisites

• ENERGY STAR qualified appliances

• ENERGY STAR qualified lighting in 80% of light fixtures

• Occupancy sensors for lighting in most common spaces

• Right-sized heating and cooling equipment

• Double-pane, low-e windows

• Low-flow faucets & showerheads (≤ 2.0gpm) and WaterSense toilets

• Total duct leakage for in-unit systems ≤8 CFM25 per 100ft2 of

conditioned floor area

• Continuous air barrier between conditioned/unconditioned spaces

• Air-sealing to achieve infiltration <0.30 CFM50/ft2 of enclosure

• Ventilation per ASHRAE 62-2007 (apts. and common areas)

*Not all Prerequisites have been listed here; see Prerequisite Checklist

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Meeting the Prerequisites

• ENERGY STAR qualified appliances

• ENERGY STAR qualified lighting in 80% of light fixtures

• Occupancy sensors for lighting in most common spaces

• Right-sized heating and cooling equipment

• Double-pane, low-e windows

• Low-flow faucets & showerheads (≤ 2.0gpm) and WaterSense toilets

• Total duct leakage for in-unit systems ≤8 CFM25 per 100ft2 of

conditioned floor area

• Continuous air barrier between conditioned/unconditioned spaces

• Air-sealing to achieve infiltration <0.30 CFM50/ft2 of enclosure

• Ventilation per ASHRAE 62-2007 (apts. and common areas)

*Not all Prerequisites have been listed here; see Prerequisite Checklist

(Items in red are different from ENERGY STAR Homes Version 3.)

Testing and Verification Protocols

• Mandatory requirements for the inspection, testing and verification of components related to the building‟s energy performance.

• The intent of the protocols is to verify that – the construction documents & final building include all

Prerequisites.

– measures used to achieve the Performance levels predicted by the model have been installed and perform as modeled.

– all measures specified by the Prescriptive Path have been installed.

• Changes to the initial design noted during inspections must be reflected in a revised model and submitted as the As-Built model.

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• 1) ENERGY STAR Qualified Appliances

• 2) Domestic Water Heating (Central or In-Unit Systems)

• 3) Envelope Construction/Insulation, R-value/U-value/SHGC

• 4) Garage

• 5) Heating and Cooling (Central or In-Unit Systems)

• 6) Lighting (In-unit, common area, exterior, controls)

• 7) Pump Motors

• 8) Air-sealing and testing; Ventilation and testing

• 9) Metering

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• 1) ENERGY STAR Qualified Appliances

• 2) Domestic Water Heating (Central or In-Unit Systems)

• 3) Envelope Construction/Insulation, R-value/U-value/SHGC

• 4) Garage

• 5) Heating and Cooling (Central or In-Unit Systems)

• 6) Lighting (In-unit, common area, exterior, controls)

• 7) Pump Motors

• 8) Air-sealing and testing; Ventilation and testing

• 9) Metering

(Items in red are different from ENERGY STAR Homes Version 3.)

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Sampling Requirements

• For building components

that are duplicated many

times throughout the

building (e.g., windows,

light fixtures) or cover

large areas or sections of

the building (e.g., wall

insulation), the specific

protocol identifies the

minimum required area or

sample to be inspected.

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Responsible Parties

• Identifies the parties

responsible for a specific

inspection or test and

which other parties need

to be available or

coordinated with to

effectively carry out the

inspection.

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Schedule

• Identifies the point in

construction when a

particular inspection or

test should take place.

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Procedure and Documentation

• Steps to be followed to

ensure that each building

element is inspected at

the appropriate time, that

the necessary data is

documented in the T&V

Worksheets and, if

applicable, used in the

As-Built energy model or

to prove that

requirements of the

Prescriptive Path have

been met.

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Performance Specification Criteria

• Actions to be taken to ensure that appropriate language is included

in bid and contract documents so that the building meets program

requirements and contractors are aware of expectations.

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Performance Specification Criteria:

Contract Language

• For example: “Allow inspection of all energy related components.

Provide submittals for review and report installation dates

immediately. Ensure the ENERGY STAR label remains attached to

products and appliances when applicable.”

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Types of Testing Protocols

• Visual Inspection

– Photos of faceplates, fixture

type, insulation type, NFRC

label, etc. must be clear

enough to read what is being

verified.

– Use a ruler to show insulation

depth

– Caption/Label each photo

giving location.

– Must use the Photo Template

• Data Sheet

• Test Procedure

• Instrumented Measurement

• Third-Party Commissioning

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Testing and Verification Worksheets

• Mandatory Excel-based worksheets that document the results

of plan reviews, inspections, verification, and performance

testing.

– Provide inspection worksheets that can be used in the field that

follow the Testing and Verification Protocols, but are organized

for the convenience of the site inspector.

– Provide a central file to store building information relevant to all

members of the design team: architect, energy modeler, site

inspector, project manager, plan reviewer, etc.

– Must be submitted once prior to construction to document results

of the plan review and once after construction is complete, to

document the results of testing and verification.

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Statement of Substantial Completion

• A Statement of Substantial Completion or approved proxy

may be submitted to establish completion of the work and

document compliance for applicable protocols.

– Can hold contractors accountable for quality of

installations

– May reduce the burden on the responsible party for

verification.

– Licensed professional is still responsible for performing

the necessary due diligence to ensure that the Statement

of Substantial Completion is accurate and complete.

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• A statement of substantial completion can be submitted for

the following protocols:

– 1.1) ENERGY STAR Qualified Appliances

– 3.4) Window Selection, U-value, SHGC, and Visual Transmittance

– 3.5) Exterior Door Selection, Entrance-way Design, Use of

Vestibules, Weather stripping, and Air Leakage

– 6.1) Common Areas, In-Unit, Garage and Exterior Lighting

– 6.2) Emergency Lighting (Exit Signs)

– 6.3) Lighting Controls

– 7.1) Motors

– 9.1) Metering Configuration

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• For the following HVAC protocols a Statement of Substantial

Completion (SSC) must be completed by a third-party

qualified representative:

– 2.1) Central Systems (Serving 5 units or more)

– 2.2) Distributed (Individual Apartment) Systems

– 5.1) Central Heating Systems (Serving 5 units or more)

– 5.2) Central Cooling Systems (Serving 5 units or more)

– 5.3) Distributed (Individual Apartment) Heating Systems

– 5.4) Distributed (Individual Apartment) Cooling Systems

– 8.2) Common Area and In-Unit Ventilation (CFM), Intake Source,

and Intake/Exhaust Fan Efficiency

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Recommended Equipment List

• Manometer and Static Pressure Probe

• Pressure Pan and Flow Meter

• Balometer and Smoke Pencil

• Duct Leakage Tester

• Blower Door

• Flow Plates

• Camera

• Electronic Ballast checker and light meter

• Thermometers

• Low-e detectors

Photo Template

• This Word-based template was designed so that pictures

used to provide photo-documentation required by the

T&V Protocols could be easily formatted and consistently

reported.

• Photo documentation must be submitted to the Program

Implementer or EPA at the end of construction

• The Photo Template need only be submitted for the

Developer‟s first three buildings that participate in the

Program. Also, if any member of the Project Team has

submitted at least three Photo Templates, the

requirement is waived.

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Performance Path Requirements

• Meet program Prerequisites

• Meet Performance Target

– 15% better than ASHRAE 90.1-2007 as defined by Appendix G and Simulation Guidelines

• Supporting Tools: Excel calculator and checklist

• Third-party verification and performance testing throughout construction

• Commit to Benchmarking in Portfolio Manager for at least two years

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What reference standard to use?

ASHRAE 90.1-2007

• Minimum requirements for the

energy-efficient design of high-rise

multifamily buildings

Appendix G

• Protocols for generating an energy

performance rating for buildings that

exceed the requirements of

ASHRAE 90.1-2007

Program Standard

• LEED-H Mid-Rise

• Enterprise Green Communities

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Simulation Guidelines

• The Simulation Guidelines were developed to:

– Establish modeling protocols for measures that

ASHRAE 90.1 leaves to the „rating authority‟ to

decide

– Facilitate consistent modeling of baseline

components not mentioned in Appendix G

– Facilitate consistent modeling among modelers

– Ensure that modeling results drive the design

process

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Performance Path Calculator

• Excel-based worksheets designed to provide

consistency among energy modelers by providing

the exact calculations described by the Simulation

Guidelines.

• Provides consistent formatting for reporting the

results to the EPA.

• Reporting Summary worksheet must be submitted

and approved twice, once prior to construction and

once after construction is complete.

Energy Modeling QC Checklist

• Optional checklist developed to provide energy

modelers with a quality control checklist of

simulation requirements for use prior to submission

of results.

• Draws attention to commonly missed requirements

or those that may be different in commercial or

single family energy models.

• The checklist is organized according to eQUEST

software, and references specific output reports and

user-input fields. It can be applied to other software.

56

Performance Path Work Flow

Project Developer partners with EPA and

submits project application to EPA

Incorporate Prerequisites and evaluate Energy

Conservation Measures (ECM)

Energy modeler generates Baseline and

Proposed Design models per ASHRAE Appendix G

and Simulation Guidelines

Review plans of the proposed design to

ensure that Prerequisites and ECMs are

represented in the plans

Licensed professional submits Reporting Summary and T&V

Worksheets to EPA for approval

Licensed professional, energy consultant or

other 3rd party conducts inspections per the MFHR Testing and Verification

Protocols

If needed, corrective action(s) must be taken to ensure Prerequisites and ECMs are compliant

Post construction and inspection, the Proposed Design Model is updated

to reflect the As-Built building

Licensed professional re-submits Reporting

Summary , T&V Worksheets , and Photo

Template to EPA for approval.

Building is certified as ENERGY STAR

Benchmark building using Portfolio Manager

for a minimum of two years

Design

Construction

Post Construction

Performance Path Steps

• Apply to Program; become a Partner

• Meet Prerequisites

• Conduct Energy Modeling, review plans

• Submit Reporting Summary and T&V worksheets

• Build according to Design

• Conduct Testing and Verification

• Update model, resubmit worksheets and photo

template to EPA

• Earn the ENERGY STAR & Benchmark for 2 yrs

Prescriptive Path Requirements

• Install climate specific prescriptive requirements that meet or exceed Prerequisites

– Approximately equivalent to 15% better than ASHRAE 90.1-2007, but no modeling

• Third-party verification and performance testing throughout construction

• Commit to benchmarking in Portfolio Manager for at least two years

59

Prescriptive Path Work Flow

Project Developer partners with EPA and

submits project application to EPA

Design team incorporates Prescriptive Path

requirements into the design

Review plans of the proposed design to

ensure that prescriptive measures are

represented in the plans

Licensed professional submits T&V Worksheets

to EPA for approval.

Licensed professional, energy consultant or

other 3rd party conducts inspections per the MFHR Testing and Verification

Protocols

If needed, corrective action(s) must be taken to ensure Prescriptive

requirements are compliant

Licensed professional re-submits T&V Worksheets

and Photo Template to EPA for approval.

Building is certified as ENERGY STAR

Benchmark building using Portfolio Manager

for a minimum of two years

Design

Construction

Post -Construction

Prescriptive Path Steps

• Apply to Program; become Partner

• Meet Prerequisites & Prescriptive requirements

• Review plans, submit T&V worksheets to EPA

• Build according to Design

• Conduct Testing and Verification

• Submit T&V worksheets and Photo Template to

EPA

• Earn ENERGY STAR & Benchmark for two years

Prescriptive vs. Performance

MEASURE PRESCRIPTIVE PERFORMANCE

(Baseline ASHRAE 90.1-2007)

Appliances ENERGY STAR Qualified ENERGY STAR Qualified

Heating CZ 1-3: 80% AFUE

CZ 4-5: ENERGY STAR

CZ 6-8: 90-95% AFUE

None (local code or federal standards)

Cooling CZ 1-2: SEER 16

CZ 3-5: ENERGY STAR

CZ 6-8: SEER 13


Heating and Cooling

Distribution

Total duct leakage <6 CFM25/100 ft2




Envelope Climate Specific Requirements that meet or Exceed

AHSRAE 189.1-2009

Maximum Allowable Glazing Area: 30% Window to

Wall Ratio

Local code for insulation

Double-pane, low-e windows

Ventilation and

Infiltration

Compartmentalized units with ASHRAE 62-2007

ventilation (can’t exceed ASHRAE by more than 50%)

Compartmentalized units with ASHRAE

62-2007 ventilation

Domestic Hot Water High Efficiency (Same as ENERGY STAR Homes )

Lower Flow Faucets and Showerheads

No DHW efficiency requirements

Low Flow Fixtures and Toilets

Lighting ENERGY STAR qualified lighting in 80% of fixtures

and Occupancy Sensors in Halls and Stairs

Maximum lighting power allowance

ENERGY STAR qualified lighting in

80% of fixtures

62

Prescriptive vs. Performance

MEASURE PRESCRIPTIVE PERFORMANCE

(Baseline ASHRAE 90.1-2007)

Appliances ENERGY STAR Qualified ENERGY STAR Qualified

Heating CZ 1-3: 80% AFUE

CZ 4-5: ENERGY STAR

CZ 6-8: 90-95% AFUE


Cooling CZ 1-2: SEER 16

CZ 3-5: ENERGY STAR

CZ 6-8: SEER 13


Heating and Cooling

Distribution





Envelope Climate Specific Requirements that meet or Exceed

AHSRAE 189.1-2009

Maximum Allowable Glazing Area: 30% Window to

Wall Ratio

Local code for insulation

Double-pane, low-e windows

Ventilation and

Infiltration

Compartmentalized units with ASHRAE 62-2007

ventilation (can’t exceed ASHRAE by more than 50%)

Compartmentalized units with ASHRAE

62-2007 ventilation

Domestic Hot Water High Efficiency (Same as ENERGY STAR Homes )

Lower Flow Faucets and Showerheads

No DHW efficiency requirements

Low Flow Fixtures and Toilets

Lighting ENERGY STAR qualified lighting in 80% of fixtures

and Occupancy Sensors in Halls and Stairs

Maximum lighting power allowance

ENERGY STAR qualified lighting in

80% of fixtures

63 (Items in red are different from ENERGY STAR Homes Version 3.)

Detailed Comparison of

Performance Path and

Prescriptive Path

Requirements

64

Appliances

• When provided in common areas and/or

apartments, refrigerators, dishwashers, clothes

washers, ceiling fans, ceiling exhaust fans, in-

line exhaust fans and vending machines must

be ENERGY STAR qualified.

• No additional Prescriptive requirement.

(Items in red are different from the MFHR Performance Path)

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Heating and Cooling Equipment –

ASHRAE Mandatory Provisions

• The heating and cooling

systems must comply

with ASHRAE 90.1-

2007, Section 6.4.

• In addition, the systems

must also comply with

Prescriptive Path

Section 6.5.

66


Sizing and Load Calculations

• Load sizing calculations must reflect the design.

The installed capacity cannot exceed design by

more than 20%, except when smaller sizes are

not available.

• Loads must be calculated and equipment

selected per latest editions of ACCA Manual J &

S, ASHRAE 2009 Handbook of Fundamentals,

or equivalent procedure.

• No additional Prescriptive requirement.

67


Minimum Efficiencies

• See Table 1 for list of

equipment and

minimum efficiencies

per ASHRAE 90.1-2007

climate zones.

• See ASHRAE 189.1-

2009 for equipment not

listed in Table 1.

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Heating Equipment –

Prescriptive Requirements

• No electric resistance

space heating is

permitted in any space.

• Atmospherically vented

gas furnaces and

boilers cannot be

specified.

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Minimum Efficiencies for Boilers

• In Climate Zones 1-5:

Boilers < 300,000 Btuh

must be ≥ 85% AFUE.

• In Climate Zones 6-8:

Boilers < 300,000 Btuh

must be ≥ 90% AFUE.

• Boilers ≥ 300,000 Btuh

must be ≥ 87% Et, or

≥ 89% Et if used with

water-source heat

pumps.

70


Minimum Efficiencies for Furnaces

• For CZ 1, 2, and 3, in-unit warm-air furnaces

<225,000 Btuh must be 80% AFUE or greater.

• For CZ 4&5, in-unit warm-air furnaces <225,000

Btuh must be ENERGY STAR qualified.

• For CZ 6, 7 and 8, in-unit warm-air furnaces

<225,000 Btuh must be 95% AFUE or greater if

gas-fired and 90% AFUE or greater if oil-fired.

• Furnaces <225,000 Btuh serving common areas

must be greater than 78% AFUE.

• Warm-air furnaces ≥225,000 Btuh must be

≥80% Et if gas-fired and ≥81% Et if oil-fired. 71


Minimum Efficiencies for PTAC/PTHP

• Equations based on

capacity determine

minimum efficiencies for

PTACs and PTHPs.

• Example: PTAC

EER=13.8-(0.3xCap/1000)

“Cap” is capacity and must

be a number between

7,000 and 15,000 Btuh.

72

Heating and Cooling Equipment -

Minimum Efficiencies for ASHPs

• Air-cooled heat pumps in

Climate Zones 1 and 2,

must meet or exceed

SEER 15 and 8.2 HSPF.

• They must be ENERGY

STAR qualified in

Climate Zones 3 to 8.

• Climate Zones 4-6 have

additional HSPF

requirements.

• Dual-fuel for zones 7&8

73

Cooling Equipment –

Minimum Efficiencies for Split ACs

• Split system air conditioners in any zone that are

less than 13,000 Btuh must be SEER 13 or

greater.

• For Climate Zones 1 and 2, split system ACs

must be SEER 16 or greater.

• For Climate Zones 3, 4 and 5, split system ACs

must be ENERGY STAR qualified.

• For Climate Zones 6, 7 and 8, split system ACs

must be SEER 13 or greater.

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Cooling Equipment –

ENERGY STAR or better

• In all zones, all window,

through-wall, and mini-

split air conditioners (or

heat pumps) must be

ENERGY STAR

qualified.

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Heating and Cooling Equipment-

Other Prescriptive Requirements

• Cooling tower fan motors must be equipped with

variable frequency drives that are controlled by a

temperature sensor on the condenser water

supply pipe.

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Heating and Cooling Distribution –

Ducted Forced Air System Design

• For in-unit ducted forced air distribution systems,

perform design calculations (using ACCA

Manuals J and D, the ASHRAE Handbook of

Fundamentals, or an equivalent procedure) and

install ducts according to design.

• Flex duct shall follow the Sheet Metal and Air

Conditioning Contractors‟ (SMACNA) installation

standards for flex ducts.

• Bedrooms must be pressure-balanced.

• No additional Prescriptive Requirement.

77


Insulation

• Heating and cooling supply and return ductwork

must be insulated to a minimum R-8 in

unconditioned space.

• Piping carrying fluid or steam with temperatures

less than 60°F or greater than 105°F, must have

a minimum of 1” of insulation. Pipes over 1.5” in

diameter must have a minimum of 1.5” of

insulation. (No additional requirement.)

78


Sealing and Leakage

• Heating and cooling ductwork must be sealed at

all transverse joints and connections, including

ductwork connections through drywall or other

finish materials, using UL-181 compliant

methods and materials.

• Total duct leakage for in-unit ducted forced air

systems shall be:

≤8 CFM25 per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor

area.

79

Heating and Cooling Distribution

• Controls

• Thermostats

• Motorized outside air dampers

• Hydronic design

• No additional Prescriptive Requirement.

80

Envelope – Air Barrier & Infiltration

• The building plans shall demonstrate a

continuous, unbroken air barrier separating the

conditioned space of the building from the

exterior and other unconditioned or commercial

spaces.

• Apartments shall be sealed to reduce air

exchange between the apartment and exterior

as well as the apartment and adjacent spaces.

• A maximum air leakage rate of 0.30 CFM50 per

square feet of enclosure is allowed.

81

Envelope

• The envelope

components must

comply with ASHRAE

90.1-2007, Section 5.4.

• See Tables 2 and 3 of

the Prescriptive Path

for minimum R-values

and maximum

assembly U-values per

ASHRAE climate

zones.

82

Envelope –

Climate Specific Requirements

83

• Roof

• AG/BG Walls

• Floors

• Slabs

– Unheated

– Heated

• Exterior Doors

• Vertical Glazing

– Nonmetal

– Metal

Envelope –

Climate Specific Requirements

84

• For example, an attic

in Climate Zone 5

would prescriptively

need R-49 in between

roof rafters.

• If selecting another

insulation method, the

U-value of the roof

assembly cannot

exceed U-0.021.

Envelope – U-values, Insulation Grade

• U-value determinations must follow ASHRAE

90.1-2007, Appendix A.

• An area weighted average of the U-values of

the wall and floor perimeter assemblies is

acceptable.

• RESNET-defined Grade I insulation installation

or Grade II if combined with continuous

insulation (≥R-3 in CZ 1-4 and ≥R-5 in CZ 5-8).

• No additional prescriptive requirement.

85

Envelope – Vestibules & AC sleeves

• When required by local building code,

entranceways shall be designed with vestibules

with weather-stripping hard-fastened to the door

or frame.

• Insulated covers (R-7 or higher) for through-wall

AC units must be provided by the building for

use during the heating season or when AC units

are not installed.

• No additional prescriptive requirement.

86

Envelope – Walls & Windows

• For steel-framed and metal buildings,

continuous exterior insulation is required.

• For masonry buildings with metal framing,

continuous interior or exterior insulation is

required.

• Specified windows must be double or triple-

pane, with low-e glass or coatings.

• Maximum allowable window to wall ratio: 30%

87

Garages and Sidewalks

• Garages shall be fully compartmentalized.

• All pipe & conduit penetrations shall be sealed.

• Garages shall not be heated for comfort or to

prevent pipes from freezing.

• Radiant heating, either wall or ceiling-mounted

or within the garage floor (or sidewalks) may be

used to prevent ice formation on the ground as a

safety feature only.

• When exhaust is required by code, CO sensors

must be installed to control operation.

88

Ventilation – ASHRAE 62 requirements

• Common area ventilation systems shall be

designed and tested to satisfy minimum

requirements of ASHRAE 62.1-2007.

• Apartment ventilation systems shall be designed

and tested to satisfy minimum requirements of

ASHRAE 62.2-2007 based upon the anticipated

occupancy.

• Measured rates cannot exceed ASHRAE 62-

2007 rates by more than 50%.

89

Ventilation – Duct sealing & Leakage

• Ventilation system ductwork must be sealed at

all transverse joints and connections including

boot to wall/ceiling connections through drywall

using UL-181 compliant materials and methods.

• Ductwork penetrations must be sealed at the

roof curb to prevent air leakage through the duct

system and/or the building envelope.

• Central exhaust systems must be tested for duct

leakage, which cannot exceed 5 CFM50 per

floor per shaft. See T&V Protocols for details.

90

Ventilation – Controls

• Central exhaust fans ≤ 1/16 HP must be direct-

drive and have variable speed controllers.

• Central exhaust fans between 1/16 and 1 HP

must be direct-drive with ECM motors and

variable speed controllers.

• Central exhaust fans 1 HP and larger must have

NEMA Premium efficient motors.

91

Ventilation – Controls, continued

• Central exhaust and in-line exhaust systems

serving apartments must have self-balancing

dampers at each grille.

• Powered common laundry ventilation must be

installed with automatic demand control to turn

off ventilation fans when no dryers are

operating.

92

Domestic Water Heating –

ASHRAE Mandatory Provisions

• Domestic water

heating systems must

comply with ASHRAE

90.1-2007, Section 7.4

and 7.5.

93


Minimum Efficiencies

• Domestic water heating equipment shall be

ENERGY STAR qualified, where applicable.

• Minimum Efficiencies:

Hot Water Supply Boiler (oil or gas): 85% Et

In-Unit Storage or Instantaneous:

Gas (EF): 0.69-(0.002 x Tank Gallon Capacity)

Electric (EF): 0.97-(0.001 x Tank Gallon Capacity)

94

Domestic Water Heating - Type

• Atmospherically vented gas water heaters,

tankless coils and side-arm water heaters shall

not be specified.

• If storage is provided, the maximum storage tank

capacity shall be specified based on occupancy.

95


Temperature and Pressure

• Self-contained or electronic mixing valves shall

be used to control hot water temperature for

central domestic water heating systems.

• The temperature setting of in-unit storage water

heaters must not exceed 140F. For both in-unit

and central DHW systems, temperatures

measured at faucets and showerheads must not

exceed 125F.

96

Domestic Water Heating – Low Flow

• All lavatory faucets or aerators must be

WaterSense labeled.

• The average flow rate for all other faucets must

be ≤ 2.00 gpm.

• The average flow rate for all showers must be

≤ 1.75 gallons per minute per stall and all

showerheads must be WaterSense labeled.

• All tank-type toilets must be WaterSense

labeled.

97

Lighting

• Lighting must comply with ASHRAE 90.1-2007,

Section 9.4.

• 80% of installed light fixtures must be ENERGY

STAR qualified or have ENERGY STAR

qualified lamps (bulbs) installed.

• Lighting must be designed to meet light levels

(footcandles) by space type as recommended by

the Illumination Engineering Society (IESNA)

Lighting Handbook, 9th edition.

98

Lighting – Footcandles (lumen/ft2)

99

ASHRAE Space

Type

Lighting

Power

Densities

(W/ft2)

Recommended

Light Levels

(Weighted Avg.

Footcandles)

ASHRAE Space

Type

Lighting

Power

Densities

(W/ft2)

Recommended

Light Levels

(Weighted Avg.

Footcandles)

Apartments 0.75* 16 Stairway 0.69 15

Storage 0.63 20 Restroom 0.98 12

Elevator 0.64 16 Office

(enclosed/open) 1.11/0.98 35

Food

Preparation 0.99 40

Conference/

meeting/

multipurpose

1.23 30

Dining Area -

For Family

Dining

0.89 23 Electrical/

Mechanical 0.95 30

Lobby 0.90 16 Workshop 1.59 50

Corridor/

Transition 0.66 10 Parking garage 0.19 7

Lighting – Common Areas

• All non-apartment spaces, except those where

automatic shutoff would endanger the safety of

occupants, must have occupancy sensors or

automatic bi-level lighting controls. Automatic

controls are required in 24-hour areas such as

corridors and stairwells.

• Total installed lighting power for the combined

common spaces should not exceed ASHRAE

90.1-2010 allowances for those combined

spaces.

100

Lighting – ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Lighting

Power Densities (LPDs)

ASHRAE Space

Type

Lighting

Power

Densities

(W/ft2)

Recommended

Light Levels

(Weighted Avg.

Footcandles)

ASHRAE Space

Type

Lighting

Power

Densities

(W/ft2)

Recommended

Light Levels

(Weighted Avg.

Footcandles)

Apartments 0.75* 16 Stairway 0.69 15

Storage 0.63 20 Restroom 0.98 12

Elevator 0.64 16 Office

(enclosed/open) 1.11/0.98 35

Food

Preparation 0.99 40

Conference/

meeting/

multipurpose

1.23 30

Dining Area -

For Family

Dining

0.89 23 Electrical/

Mechanical 0.95 30

Lobby 0.90 16 Workshop 1.59 50

Corridor/

Transition 0.66 10 Parking garage 0.19 7

101

Lighting – Calculations

• The requirement of ASHRAE 90.1-2007, Section

9.1.4a, that light fixtures MUST be calculated

with the maximum labeled wattage of the fixture

is not required.

• Example: A fixture with a 13 W screw-in CFL

can be modeled as 13 W, plus any associated

ballast power. See Appendix B of Prescriptive

Path for suggested ballast power.

102

Lighting – Calculations inside Units

• Overall in-unit lighting power density may not

exceed 0.75 W/ft2.

• Use 1.1 W/ft2 for areas inside units where

lighting is not installed (ex. Living rooms and

bedrooms that use switched outlets).

• Use data from light fixtures to calculate LPD of

spaces where lighting is installed and take the

weighted average to get the overall LPD.

• In spaces where supplemental lighting will be

needed, installed fixtures may only illuminate up

to 2 ft2 per Watt.

103


104

BR1 – 150 ft2

BR2 – 150 ft2

Bath – 50 ft2

Kitchen - 200 ft2

Living Room- 300 ft2

Hall – 100 ft2

950 ft2 x 0.75 Watts/ft2 = 712 Watts


105

BR1 – 150 ft2

BR2 – 150 ft2

Bath – 50 ft2

Kitchen - 200 ft2

Living Room- 300 ft2

Hall – 100 ft2

Unlit area –

100 ft2,

assume 110

W supplied by

occupant

Lit area –

200 ft2, 100

W installed

Lighting – Exterior

• 80% of outdoor lighting fixtures must be

ENERGY STAR qualified or have ENERGY

STAR qualified lamps installed.

• Fixtures must include automatic switching on

timers or photocell controls except fixtures

intended for 24-hour operation, required for

security, or located on apartment balconies.

• Total installed exterior lighting power cannot

exceed ASHRAE 90.1-2010 allowances.

106

Lighting – Exit Signs

• All exit signs must be specified as LED (not to

exceed 5W per face) or photo-luminescent and

must conform to local building code; fixtures

located above stairwell doors and other forms of

egress must contain a battery back-up feature.

107

Pump Motor Efficiency

• All three-phase pump motors 1 HP or larger

shall meet or exceed efficiency standards for

NEMA Premium™ motors, where available.

• Many motors are NEMA labeled and this label

alone, does not ensure that a motor is energy-

efficient. This requirement refers specifically to

the NEMA Premium energy efficient motors

program.

• Motors 5 HP or larger for circulating pumps

serving hydronic heating or cooling systems

must be specified with variable frequency drives.

108

Metering

• The commercial/retail parts of the building shall be

separately metered or sub-metered for electricity,

gas, fuel oil, water, and steam, where applicable.

• The building owner must secure signed utility bill

releases from individual apartment occupants to

allow for benchmarking or obtain whole-building

consumption data from their local utility.

• The building owner must provide a signed release

for the common area/whole-building utility meters.

109

The Pilot

Piloting ENERGY STAR MFHR

Guidelines (2005 – 2011)

Casey Building - 44%

City Row

Las Colinas- 25% Trinity Bluff - 34%

Brookhaven - 25%

Newark Genesis - 28% Parker Hall - 21%

1212 MLK - 20%

Myrtle Avenue - 21%

Intervale Green - 33%

The Cedars- 30%

Atlantic Ave. Apts. - 20%

Atlantic Ave. Residences 1- 22%

The Eltona- 32%

Projects Under

Development

(1)

(19) (1)

(4)

(2)

(2)

(1)

Atlantic Ave. Residences 2 and 3 - 26%

(1)

Silver Gardens

Multifamily Completions and Pipeline

Low Rise Multifamily

• Low rise multifamily

ENERGY STAR units

reported

– Over 77,000 Units

(2002-2011)

High Rise Multifamily

• High rise multifamily

ENERGY STAR units

– Pilot (2005-2011)

• Complete – 2,605 Units

(27 buildings)

• Pipeline – 813 Units

(8 buildings)

– Full Implementation

Pipeline

• 11,773 units

(158 buildings, mostly NY)

112

Training Webinars

• Online training for MFHR developer partners,

modelers, field inspectors, licensed professionals,

and other program participants available at


• Ten narrated webinars that cover:

– Prescriptive and Performance Paths

– Modeling

– Testing and Verification protocols

– Tools that facilitate program reporting

113


ENERGY STAR MFHR Webinar Series

• Overview of ENERGY STAR for Multifamily High

Rise Requirements

• Introduction to the Performance Path

• Introduction to the Prescriptive Path

• Using the ENERGY STAR Simulation Guidelines

• Using the Performance Path Calculator

• Introduction to the Testing and Verification

Protocols

• Using the T&V Worksheets

114

ENERGY STAR Technical Documents

(www.energystar.gov/mfhr)

Requirements

• Performance Path

• Prescriptive Path

• Simulation Guidelines

• Testing and Verification Protocols

Tools

• Performance Path Calculator

• Testing and Verification Worksheets

Guidance

• Sample submittals, Policy Record & Eligibility Flow Chart

• Energy Modeling Quality Control Checklist

115


More Information

Questions/Comments:

[email protected]

Website:


116

mailto:[email protected]


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