Energy Statistics 2011

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ENERGY STATISTICS 2011

Data, tables, stascs and maps


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CONTENTS

2

At a glance

Energy balance 2011

Production of primary energy

Renewable energy

Electricity and district heating

Consumption 2011

Gross energy consumption and final energy consumption

Transport

Agriculture and industry

Commercial and public service

Households

Emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases

Energy and the economy

Energy prices

International comparisons

Terminology and definitions

Key figures and the assumptions of the energy statistics

3

4

5

7

11

18

20

25

27

31

34

38

44

46

50

55

58

Energy Statistics 2011

Published December 2012 by the Danish Energy Agency, Amaliegade 44, 1256

Copenhagen K, Denmark.

Tel: +45 33 92 67 00, Fax +45 33 11 47 43, Email: [email protected], Website

http://www.ens.dk.

Design and production: The Danish Energy Agency (Danuta Kestenbaum)

ISBN 978-87-7844-944-3 www

ISSN 0906-4699

Queries concerning methods and calculations should be addressed to the Danish

Energy Agency, Statistics Section, Tel.: +45 33 92 67 00 or [email protected].

The Danish Energy Agency is an agency under the Danish Ministry of Climate,

Energy and Building.

This publication may be quoted with source reference.

www.ens.dkPlease feel free to visit the

Danish Energy Agencys web-

site for statistics and data

Facts & figures.This web-

site includes energy statistics

that are far more detailed than

the statistics published here.

Go to Facts & figures to

see (and/or download) the

complete energy statistics,

including tables and time se-ries for energy consumption,

emissions and assumptions for

the period 1972-2011. De-

scriptions of methods are also

available here.

The website also includes the

figures behind the graphs and

tables in the printed version

as well as a PowerPoint pre-

sentation (.ppt) of the graphs.


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AT A GLANCE

3

Energy consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases fell in 2011

Observed energy consumption down by 6.4%

Observed energy consumption fell by 6.4%, from 846 PJ in

2010 to 792 PJ in 2011. This trend should be seen in the

context of significantly colder weather in 2010. In addition,there was a shift from net exports of electricity in 2010 to

net imports of electricity in 2011, which led to a drop in fuel

consumption by Danish power plants. More electricity ge-

neration based on wind power has moreover contributed to

lower fuel consumption at power plants.

Increase in the consumption of renewable energy

Consumption of renewable energy increased from 170 PJ in

2010 to 174 PJ in 2011, which corresponds to an increase

of2.5%.This development can be attributed to large in-

creases in the consumption of wind power and biofuels and

a smaller drop for solid biomass such as wood and straw.

Calculated according to the EUs method of calculation,

renewable energy accounted for 23.6% of energy consump-tion in 2011 as opposed to 22.1% in 2010.Production of

electricity from renewable energy accounted for 40.7% of

Danish domestic electricity supply in 2011. Of this figure,

wind power accounted for 28.1%.

Adjusted gross energy consumption down by 0.9%

Besides observed energy consumption, the Danish Energy

Agency calculates adjusted gross energy consumption,

which is adjusted for fuel linked to foreign trade in electrici-

ty and fluctuations in climate with respect to a normal

weather year. The purpose of the adjusted calculations is to

illustrate the trends underlying the development.Adjusted

gross energy consumption was 807 PJ in 2011, which is

0.9% below the 2010 level.

Compared with an increase in economic activity, measured

as a rise of 0.8% in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), this

corresponds to a 1.7% improvement in energy efficiency in

2011.Compared with 1990, adjusted gross energy con-

sumption fell by 1.4%.During the same period, GDP in

2005 prices grew by 37.8%. In 2011, each unit of GDP

therefore accounted for 28.5% less energy than in 1990.

Drop in emissions of CO2and other greenhouse gases

Observed CO2emissions from energy consumption fell by

10.6% in 2011, ending at 44.3 million tonnes.

Adjusted for fuel consumption linked to foreign trade in

electricity and fluctuations in climate, CO2emissions fell by

2.8%.Since 1990 adjusted CO2emissions have gone down

by 25.2%.

A preliminary statement of total Danish observed emissionsof greenhouse gases shows a drop of 8.6% from 2010to

2011.Relative to the base year (1990/95), there has been

a drop of 19.5%.

Energy consumption by area of consumption

Energy consumption for transport was 0.9% higher in 2011

than the year before. Energy consumption for road trans-

port was unchanged, whereas consumption for international

aviation increased by 2.7%.

The total climate adjusted energy consumption of the agri-

culture and industry sectorwas 0.3% higher in 2011 than

the year before. Energy consumption by manufacturing

industries grew by 0.5%.

In the commercial and public services and households,

climate-adjusted energy consumption was respectively

0.5% and 1.2% higher in 2011 than in the year before.

Energy production and degree of self-sufficiency fell

Danish production of crude oil, natural gas and renewable

energy etc. fell to 887 PJ in 2011; a drop of 9.8%.Produc-

tion of crude oil and natural gas fell by 10.0% and 13.9%

respectively.

Denmark is the only country in the EU that was self-

sufficient in energy in 2011. Denmarks degree of self-

sufficiency in energy was 110% in 2011, whereas it was

121% in the previous year. This means that energy produc-

tion was 10% higher than energy consumption in 2011.Large currency revenues

In 2011 Denmark had a foreign trade surplus from its trade

in energy products of DKK 4.3 billion. In 2010 this figure

was DKK 12.1 billion.

Exports of energy technology and equipment were DKK

63.4 billion in 2011 as opposed to DKK 53.7 billion in 2010.

Exports of energy products and equipment, not least wind

turbines, therefore account for a large share of total Danish

goods exports. The share was 10.5% in 2011 as opposed to

9.5% in the previous year.

Observed energy consumption and adjusted gross energy consumption

600700800900

1000

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Observed energy consumption Adjusted gross energy consumption


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ENERGY BALANCE 2011

4

Energy balance 2011

Total

Crude oiland

refineryfeedstocks

Oil pro-ducts Natural gas

Coal andcoke

Waste,non

rene-wable

Rene-wable

energy ElectricityDistrictheating

Gasworks

gas

Direct energy contents [TJ]

Total energy consumption 791 875 285 616 17 117 156 613 136 027 17 347 174 256 4 746 152 -

Primary energy production 887 199 470 447 - 264 632 - 17 347 134 774 - - -

Recycling 41 - 41 - - - - - - -

Imports 640 476 129 861 261 942 13 803 150 217 - 42 405 42 095 152 -

Exports -716 007 -318 545 -240 969 -117 051 - 1 - -2 092 -37 349 - -

Border trade -7 518 - -7 518 - - - - - - -

International marine bunkers -29 442 - -29 442 - - - - - - -

Stock changes 9 983 1 440 30 308 -5 744 -14 841 - -1 180 - - -

Statistical differences 7 142 2 413 2 754 973 652 - 350 - - 0 -

Energy sector -46 018 -285 616 268 702 -25 064 - - - -3 455 - 586 -

Extraction and gasification -25 064 - - -25 064 - - - - - -

Petroleum products 282 938 - 282 938 - - - - - - -

Used in refineries -301 617 -285 616 -14 236 - - - - -1 180 - 586 -

Used in distribution -2 275 - - - - - - -2 275 - -

Transformation -79 328 - -7 009 -65 215 -130 012 -16 322 -113 207 120 362 131 522 554

Large-scale units -58 295 - -3 053 -21 702 -129 314 - -30 174 67 608 58 340 -

Wind turbines and hydro powerplants

- - - - - - -35 248 35 248 - -

Small-scale units -6 422 - - 90 -29 653 - 478 -4 036 -13 345 16 168 25 013 -

District heating units -1 241 - -1 842 -8 183 - 82 - 227 -16 533 - 215 25 841 -

Autoproducers -6 652 - -2 024 -5 117 - 137 -12 059 -17 907 7 593 22 999 -

Gas Works - 6 - - - 560 - - - - - 554

Own use -6 711 - - - - - - -6 040 - 671 -

Distribution losses etc. -35 114 - - - 119 - - - -8 639 -26 335 - 22

Final energy consumption -631 415 - -278 810 -66 216 -6 016 -1 025 -61 049 -113 014 -104 753 - 532

Non-energy use -12 374 - -12 374 - - - - - - -

Transport -210 721 - -203 739 - - - -5 554 -1 429 - -

Agriculture and industry -135 734 - -42 841 -31 092 -5 986 - 759 -11 137 -37 191 -6 685 - 42

Commercial and public services -82 739 - -2 467 -9 229 - - 266 -1 742 -37 994 -31 003 - 39

Households -189 847 - -17 390 -25 895 - 29 - -42 617 -36 401 -67 065 - 451

Note: The energy balance provides an overview of supply, transformation and consumption of energy.

A more detailed statement of input (black figures) and output (red figures) of energy products is listed in the table, Energy supply and consump-

tion 2011.

Degree of self-sufficiencyThe degree of self-sufficiency is calculated as pri-

mary energy production in relation to climate-

adjusted gross energy consumption. Self-sufficiency

in oil is calculated as crude oil production in relation

to the share of gross energy consumption that isrepresented by oil.

For the first time, in 1997, Denmark produced more

energy than it consumed. In 2011, the degree of

self-sufficiency in energy was 110% as opposed to

121% the year before. The degree of self-

sufficiency was 52% in 1990 and peaked in 2004 at

156%.

Denmark has been more than self-sufficient in oil

since 1993, resulting in annual net exports. In

2011, the degree of self-sufficiency in oil was 155%

as opposed to 168% the year before. The degree of

self-sufficiency in oil also peaked in 2004 and it hasbeen falling over the past seven years.

0%50%

100%150%200%250%

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Total Oil


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PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY ENERGY

5

Production of primary energy

Change

Direct energy contents

[TJ]1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 '90-'11

Total primary production 40 252 424 605 655 578 1 164 873 1 314 815 1 009 759 983 705 887 199 109%

Crude oil 12 724 255 959 391 563 764 526 796 224 554 826 522 733 470 447 84%

Natural gas 17 115 967 196 852 310 307 392 868 314 910 307 490 264 632 128%

Waste, non-renewable 4 787 6 975 10 308 13 676 17 006 17 705 17 160 17 347 149%

Renewable energy 22 724 45 705 56 854 76 365 108 717 122 318 136 322 134 774 195%

Production and consumption of renewable energy

ChangeDirect energy contents[TJ]

1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 '90-'11

Production of renewable

energy 22 724 45 705 56 854 76 365 108 717 122 318 136 322 134 774 195%

Solar 50 100 213 335 419 591 657 784 686%

Wind 38 2 197 4 238 15 268 23 810 24 194 28 114 35 187 1 502%

Hydro 123 101 109 109 81 68 74 61 -39.8%

Geothermal - 96 94 116 344 483 425 331 245%

Biomass 22 023 39 996 47 511 54 039 73 542 82 841 91 739 83 436 109%

- Straw 4 840 12 481 13 050 12 220 18 485 17 360 23 587 19 756 58.3%

- Wood chips - 1 724 2 340 2 744 6 082 9 823 11 319 11 291 555%

- Firewood 7 621 8 757 11 479 12 432 17 667 23 054 23 779 20 469 134%

- Wood pellets - 1 575 2 099 2 984 3 262 2 432 2 394 2 411 53.1%

- Wood waste 3 710 6 191 5 694 6 895 6 500 6 911 7 738 7 523 21.5%

- Waste, renewable 5 851 8 524 12 598 16 715 20 786 21 639 20 973 21 202 149%

- Bio oil - 744 251 49 761 1 622 1 949 784 5.3%

Biogas 184 752 1 758 2 912 3 830 4 171 4 278 4 106 446%

Bio diesel - - - - 2 632 3 268 2 875 2 965

Heat pumps 306 2 462 2 931 3 585 4 058 6 703 8 159 7 903 221%

Imports of renewable energy - - 233 2 466 16 286 24 290 36 453 42 405

Firewood - - - - 1 963 2 005 2 939 3 332

Wood chips - - - 305 1 521 4 210 4 851 5 817

Wood pellets - - 233 2 161 12 802 17 836 27 535 27 731

Bio gasoline - - - - - 204 1 118 2 109

Bio diesel - - - - - 35 11 3 416

Exports of renewable energy - - - - 2 632 3 122 2 846 2 092

Bio gasoline - - - - - - - 96

Bio diesel - - - - 2 632 3 122 2 846 1 996

Stock changes and statisticaldifferences

- - 3 3 1 - 0 - 39 - 831

Consumption of rene-wable energy

22 724 45 702 57 091 78 831 122 370 143 485 169 968 174 256 281%


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PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY ENERGY

6

Primary energy production Primary energy refers to crude oil, natural gas,renewable energy (including renewable waste) and

non-renewable waste.

Primary energy production has grown rapidly in the

period 1990-2000. Production of crude oil increased

steadily up to 2004, after which it fell.

In 2011, primary energy production was 887 PJ, as

opposed to 984 PJ in 2010. This corresponds to a

drop of 9.8%. Primary energy production peaked at

1315 PJ in 2005.

Production of crude oil and natural gas fell by

10.0% and 13.9% respectively in 2011, while pro-

duction of renewable energy etc. fell by 0.9%.

Oil and gas reserves Up to the end of 2009, oil and gas reserves werecalculated as the volumes that were financially

feasible to recover from known oil fields and oil

discoveries, using known technologies. The reserves

are being re-evaluated regularly against new oil

discoveries and changes in the basis for calcula-

tions.

At the end of 2009, the Danish Energy Agency

changed the classification system for oil and gas

reserves, introducing the category contingent re-

sources.For the period 2009 to 2011, the state-

ment includes the sum of reserves and contingent

resources so that comparison with earlier state-

ments is possible.

At the end of 2011, the sum of reserves and con-

tingent resources was calculated at 181 million m3

oil and 95 billion Nm3gas, corresponding to 14

years of oil production and 15 years of gas produc-

tion with activity at the 2011 level.

Source:Danish Oil and Gas Production 2011.

Natural gas consumption and flaringon platforms in the North Sea

Extraction of crude oil and natural gas requires

natural gas consumption for production as well as

for transport and off-loading ashore. In 2011 con-

sumption was 24.9 PJ, corresponding to 15.9% of

total Danish natural gas consumption. In 2010

consumption on platforms was 25.7 PJ.

Furthermore, flaring (burning) is carried out in the

production of natural gas in the North Sea fields.

Flaring is not included in energy consumption, but

is included in Denmark's international calculation of

greenhouse gases and is covered by CO2allow-

ances. In 2011, flaring of natural gas was calcu-

lated at 3.2 PJ compared with 4.6 PJ in 2010.

0

200400600800

100012001400

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Crude oil Natural gas Renewable energy etc.

0

100200300

1990 '05 '08 '11Oil, million m3 Gas, billion Nm3

0

10

20

30

40

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Energy consumption Flaring


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RENEWABLE ENERGY

7

Production of renewable energy by energyproduct

Renewable energy includes solar energy, wind

energy, hydropower, geothermal energy, biomass

(including renewable waste), biodiesel, biogasoline,

biogas, and heat pumps.

Production of renewable energy was 134.8 PJ in

2011, which corresponds to a drop of 1.1% com-pared with 2010. Production of renewable energy

increased by 195% during the period 1990 to 2011.

Wind power generation was 35.2 PJ in 2011, which

is 25.2% more than in 2010.

Production of biomass was 83.4 PJ in 2011. Of this,

straw accounted for 19.8 PJ, wood accounted for

41.7 PJ, renewable waste accounted for 21.2 PJ,

and bio oil accounted for 0.8 PJ. Compared with

2010, biomass production fell by 9.1%.

Consumption of waste Consumption of waste for the production of electri-city and district heating has increased significantly

over time. Total consumption of waste was 38.5 PJ

in 2011 as opposed to 38.1 PJ the year before.

Compared with 1990, waste consumption for ener-

gy purposes has increased by 149%.

In statistics for energy and CO2emissions, waste is

split by two components: Renewable waste and

non-renewable waste. According to international

conventions, renewable waste is included in renew-

able energy.

The energy statistics now assumes that 55% of the

waste consumed is renewable waste. This means

that waste accounts for a considerable proportion of

the total consumption of renewable energy. Pre-

viously, this figure was estimated at 58.8%.

Consumption of renewable energy Production of renewable energy has increased sig-nificantly since 1990.In addition, net imports have

increased. Net imports of renewable energy (includ-

ing changes in stocks etc.) were 39.5 PJ in 2011.

Imports include primarily biomass, whereas biodie-sel is exported.

In 2011 consumption of renewable energy was

174.3 PJ, which is 2.5% more than the year before.

Observed consumption of renewable energy was

45.7 PJ in 1990.

The increased consumption of renewable energy

makes a significant contribution to reducing Danish

CO2emissions.

0

20

40

60

80

100120140

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Wind StrawWood BiogasWaste, renewable Heat pumps

0

10

20

30

40

50

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Waste, renewable Waste, non-renewable

02550

75

100125150175200

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Share covered by net importsShare covered by indigenous production


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RENEWABLE ENERGY

8

Renewable energy consumption by source Consumption of renewable energy increased from170.0 PJ in 2010 to 174.3 PJ in 2011. The develop-

ment in total consumption can be explained by a

decrease in the consumption of biomass and in-

creases in the consumption of wind power and liquid

biofuels.

In 2011, consumption of biomass fell to 120.3 PJ

compared with 127.1 PJ in 2010, while wind power

went up from 28.1 PJ to 35.2 PJ. Moreover, con-

sumption of liquid biofuels increased by more than

five times, going up from 1.2 PJ in 2010 to 6.4 PJ in

2011.

Use of renewable energy in 2011 Total consumption of renewable energy in 2011

(production plus net imports) was 174.3 PJ, ofwhich 113.2 PJ was used in the production of elec-

tricity and district heating. Wind power, renewable

waste and wood pellets were predominant in the

production of electricity and district heating, ac-

counting for 35.2 PJ, 19.9 PJ and 19.3 PJ, respec-

tively. Consumption of wood otherwise, straw and

biogas accounted for 19.0 PJ, 14.9 PJ and 3.4 PJ,

respectively.

A total of 61.0 PJ renewable energy was included in

final energy consumption, i.e. for process consump-

tion and consumption for heating in the agriculture

and industry sector, in the commercial and publicservice sector, as well as for space heating in

households. In final energy consumption, biomass,

particularly firewood, is most prominent.

Renewable energy share of total energyconsumption

Observed energy consumption shows the registered

amount of energy consumed in a calendar year. In

2011 renewable energy covered 22.0% of total

observed energy consumption, as opposed to

20.1% the year before. In 1990 this figure was

6.1%.

Adjusted gross energy consumption is found byadjusting observed energy consumption for the fuel

consumption linked to foreign trade in electricity,

and by adjusting for fluctuations in climate with

respect to a normal weather year. In 2011 renewa-

ble energy's share of adjusted gross energy con-

sumption was 21.8%, as opposed to 20.2% the

previous year. In 1990 this figure was 5.9%.

Except for in years with large net exports of elec-

tricity, the renewable energy share shows an iden-

tical trend when calculated according to the two

different methods.

0

20

40

60

80100

120140

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Liquid biofuelsWindBiogas BiomassOther

0

20

40

60

80

100120

Electricity and district

heating Final energyconsumption

PJ

WindWood StrawWaste BiogasOther renewables

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

Share of observed energy consumption

Share of adjusted energy consumption


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RENEWABLE ENERGY

9

Share of renewable energy according tothe EU method of calculation

The EU Directive on renewable energy prescribes a

different method for calculating the share of renew-

able energy than those used above.

The EUs calculation is based on final energy con-

sumption as the expression of energy consumption

by end-users, excl. cross-border trade and con-

sumption for non-energy purposes. Distribution

losses and own use in the production of electricity

and district heating are added to this final energy

consumption. In the EU method, renewable energy

is defined as end-consumption of renewable energy

as well as consumption of renewable energy for the

production of electricity and district heating. The EU

has yet to lay down details for the calculation me-

thod.

According to the EU method of calculation, the re-

newable energy share was 23.6% in 2011, as op-

posed to 22.1% the year before, i.e. around 2 per-centage points higher than in the national calcula-

tions.

Wind power capacity and wind powersshare of domestic electricity supply

In 2011, wind power generation accounted for

28.1% of domestic electricity supply, compared

with 21.9% in 2010 and only 1.9% in 1990.

Wind power capacity was 3952 MW in 2011, as

opposed to 3802 MW the year before. Onshore and

offshore wind power capacity was 3081 MW and

872 MW, respectively, in 2011. In 1990 total wind

power capacity was 326 MW.

Trends in wind power capacity and production do

not always correspond, as annual wind power

generation is highly dependent on wind conditions,

which can be quite variable in Denmark. Further-

more, when capacity goes up, this is not reflected

fully in the production until in the following year,

as production from new capacity is limited to the

part of the year in which the installations are in

operation. This was especially evident in 2009 and

2010, when a large part of the new capacity was

put into operation during the final months of the

year.Wind power onshore by municipality Total wind power generation was 35.2 PJ in 2011.

Of this, onshore installations accounted for 65.4%

and offshore installations accounted for 34.6%.

Wind power generation from onshore installations

varies across Denmark. Municipalities with west-

facing coastlines have many onshore wind turbines,

and the favourable wind conditions in these areas

contribute to high production from these installa-

tions.

In 2011 the turbines in the five municipalities with

the highest wind power production thus together

accounted for a production of 6.6 PJ, or 28.3% of

total wind power generation from onshore installa-tions.

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Share of renewable energy according to the EU

method of calculations

0

5001000150020002500300035004000

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

MW

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Wind power offshore capacity, MW

Wind power onshore capacity, MW

Wind power's share of domestic electricity


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RENEWABLE ENERGY

10

Number and total capacity of wind turbines by size [MW]

1980 1990 2000 2010 2011

On-shore

On-shore

Onshore Off-shore

Total On-shore

Off-shore

TotalOn-

shoreOff-

shoreTotal

Total number of windturbines

68 2 666 6 219 41 6 260 4 631 404 5 035 4 563 405 4 968

- 499 kW 68 2 656 3 677 11 3 688 1 495 11 1 506 1 374 11 1 385

500 - 999 kW - 8 2 283 10 2 293 2 585 10 2 595 2 572 10 2 582

1 000 - 1 999 kW - 2 251 - 251 366 - 366 365 - 365

2 000 - kW - - 8 20 28 185 383 568 252 384 636

Total capacity of windturbines [MW]

3 326 2 340 50 2 390 2 935 868 3 802 3 081 872 3 952

- 499 kW 3 317 533 5 538 268 5 273 243 5 248

500 - 999 kW - 6 1 512 5 1 517 1 758 5 1 763 1 749 5 1 754

1 000 - 1 999 kW - 3 279 - 279 451 - 451 449 - 449

2 000 - kW - - 16 40 56 458 858 1 316 640 862 1 501

Wind power capacity by turbine size The total number of wind turbines fell slightly from2010 to 2011, while the total wind power capacity

grew by 150 MW.

For some years now, the trend has been toward

fewer but larger turbines. There were 1292 fewer

turbines in 2011 than in 2000. This is due to a fall of

2014 in the number of turbines with capacities of

999 kW and below, as well as an increase of 722 in

the number of larger turbines.

Similarly, turbines with a capacity below 500 kW

accounted for only 6.3% of the total capacity in2011, whereas this figure was 22.5% in 2000.

Wind power production by turbine size The development toward larger turbines is evenmore evident in terms of wind power generation.

Where turbines larger than 2 MW accounted for 38%

of wind power capacity, in 2011 these turbines pro-

duced more than 48% of the total energy from wind

turbines.

Similarly, in 2011 wind turbines with a capacity

below 500 kW accounted for only 5.6% of the total

production.

The most important reason for this is that by far the

majority of the turbines established offshore have

capacities above 2 MW.

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

1990 2000 2011

MW

- 499 kW 500 - 999 kW1000 - 1999 kW 2000 - kW

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

1990 2000 2011

TJ

- 499 kW 500 - 999 kW1000 - 1999 kW 2000 - kW


11/60

ELECTRICITY AND DISTRICT HEATING

11

Electricity production by type of producerChange

Direct energy contents [TJ] 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 '90 -'11

Total gross electricity pro-

duction97 508 93 518 131 987 129 776 130 469 130 984 139 651 126 617 35.4%

Large-scale power units 44 155 7 494 15 119 8 871 49 197 336 246 -96.7%

Large-scale CHP units 52 056 80 639 96 216 73 809 74 932 82 457 83 832 67 362 -16.5%

- Electricity production 36 026 50 157 61 383 41 584 38 402 47 985 43 114 33 346 -33.5%

Small-scale CHP units 18 988 11 869 21 547 21 254 16 500 19 192 16 168 1 536%

Autoproducers 1) 1 118 2 099 4 436 10 172 10 344 7 568 8 103 7 593 262%

- Electricity production 1) - - 17 14 15 18 27 58

- CHP 1) 1 118 2 099 4 419 10 158 10 328 7 549 8 076 7 536 259%

Wind turbines 1) 38 2 197 4 238 15 268 23 810 24 194 28 114 35 187 1 502%

Hydro power units 1) 123 101 109 109 81 68 74 61 -39.8%

Own use in production -5 731 -6 118 -7 372 -5 776 -6 599 -6 917 -7 117 -6 040 -1.3%

Large-scale power units - 2 787 - 590 - 774 - 312 - 2 - 44 - 17 - 14 - 98%

Large-scale CHP units - 2 944 - 5 509 - 6 576 - 4 993 - 6 033 - 6 424 - 6 602 - 5 570 1.1%

Small-scale CHP units - - 19 - 23 - 472 - 564 - 449 - 499 - 456 2 300%

Total net electricity produc-tion

91 777 87 400 124 615 123 999 123 870 124 067 132 534 120 576 38%

Net electricity imports -4 453 25 373 -2 858 2 394 4 932 1 200 - 4 086 4 746 -81.3%

Domestic supply 87 323 112 773 121 757 126 393 128 802 125 267 128 448 125 323 11.1%

Transformation consumption - - - 11 - 1 - - 20 - 110 - 215

Distribution losses etc. 2) - 7 497 - 8 886 - 8 476 - 7 650 - 5 573 - 8 571 - 9 237 - 8 639 -2.8%

Domestic electricity con-sumption

79 827 103 887 113 270 118 742 123 228 116 676 119 101 116 469 12.1%

Consumption in the energy

sector - 1 256 - 1 784 - 2 095 - 1 911 - 2 760 - 3 471 - 3 455 - 3 455 93.7%

Final electricity consumption 78 571 102 103 111 174 116 831 120 469 113 205 115 646 113 014 10.8%

1) Gross and net production are by definition identical.2) Determined as the difference between supply and consumption.

Electricity production by type of producer In 2011 electricity production was 126.6 PJ, whichis a drop of 9.3% compared to 2010. The reason is

partly a decrease in domestic electricity supply, and

partly that in 2011 Denmark had net imports of

electricity as opposed to net exports in 2010.

Electricity is generated at large-scale power units,

at small-scale CHP units, by wind turbines and by

autoproducers (i.e. small producers, whose main

product is not energy).

Large-scale power units generate electricity, partly

as separate electricity production, and partly as

combined electricity and heat production. Of the

total electricity production of 126.6 PJ, 67.6 PJ

(53%) were generated from large-scale power

units, 33.6 PJ as separate production. Separate

electricity production varies greatly from year to

year due to fluctuations in foreign trade in electrici-

ty. Electricity production from small-scale CHP units

and autoproducers was 16.2 PJ and 7.6 PJ, respec-tively. Wind turbines generated 35.2 PJ of electrici-

ty, an increase of 25% relative to 2010.

050

100150200

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Large-scale units, power onlyLarge-scale CHP units

Small-scale CHP unitsAutoproducers

Wind & hydro


12/60


12

Electricity production by fuelChange

Direct energy contents [TJ] 1994 2000 2003 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 '94 - '11

Total gross electricity pro-duction

144 708 129 776 166 246 130 469 131 818 130 984 139 651 126 616 -12.5%

Oil 9 547 15 964 8 445 4 933 4 036 4 214 2 765 1 626 - 83.0%

- Orimulsion - 13 467 776 - - - - -

Natural gas 8 206 31 589 35 149 31 606 25 492 24 015 28 382 20 917 155%

Coal 119 844 60 022 91 102 55 666 62 865 63 676 61 114 50 278 -58.0%

Surplus heat - 139 68 - - - - -

Waste, non-renewable 836 2 002 2 406 2 938 3 077 2 851 2 689 2 802 235%


Solar 0 4 5 8 9 14 22 54 18 575%

Wind 4 093 15 268 20 019 23 810 24 940 24 194 28 114 35 187 760%

Hydro 117 109 76 81 93 68 74 61 -48,3%

Biomass 1 743 3 928 7 982 10 409 10 252 10 639 15 214 14 455 729%

- Straw 293 654 2 706 3 088 2 145 2 419 3 967 2 818 863%

- Wood 429 828 2 336 3 730 4 346 4 734 7 961 8 213 1 812%

- Waste, renewable 1 021 2 447 2 940 3 591 3 761 3 485 3 286 3 424 235%

Biogas 321 751 994 1 017 1 053 1 314 1 277 1 236 285%

Electricity from renewable energy: Share of domestic electricity supplyChange

[%] 1994 2000 2003 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 '94 - '11

Renewable energy 5.3 15.9 22.9 27.4 27.8 28.9 34.8 40.7 671%

Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Wind 3.4 12.1 15.8 18.5 19.1 19.3 21.9 28.1 716%

Hydro 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 50.9%

Biomass 1.5 3.1 6.3 8.1 7.8 8.5 11.8 11.5 687%

- Straw 0.2 0.5 2.1 2.4 1.6 1.9 3.1 2.2 814%

- Wood 0.4 0.7 1.8 2.9 3.3 3.8 6.2 6.6 1 715%

- Waste, renewable 0.9 1.9 2.3 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.7 218%

Biogas 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 266%

Electricity production by fuel In 2011, 50.3 PJ (39.7%) of total electricity produc-tion was generated by coal. This corresponds to a

fall of 17.7% compared to 2010. Natural gas ac-

counted for 20.9 PJ (16.5%) of electricity produc-tion, which is a decrease of 26.3%. Oil and non-

renewable waste accounted for 1.6 PJ (1.3%) and

2.8 PJ (2.2%) of the electricity production.

In 2011 electricity produced from renewable energy

was 51.0 PJ, which corresponds to an increase of

14.1% relative to 2010.

With 35.2 PJ, wind turbines accounted for the

greatest contribution to electricity production based

on renewable energy. Electricity production based

on biomass contributed 14.5 PJ, which is 5.0% less

than the previous year.0

50

100150200

1994 '00 '05 '11Coal Oil Natural gasWind power Other

PJ


13/60


13

Fuel consumption for electricity productionChange


Total fuel consumption 261 835 227 001 304 741 276 974 265 330 272 030 285 399 247 669 9.1%

Oil 47 533 9 215 33 049 40 356 11 867 10 866 8 044 4 470 -51.5%

- Orimulsion - - 19 672 33 503 - - - -

Natural gas - 6 181 30 413 68 868 65 912 48 890 57 152 42 606 589%

Coal 214 012 207 173 226 853 134 205 127 119 146 150 139 411 114 484 -44.7%

Waste, non-renewable - 262 2 944 5 294 7 650 9 492 9 085 9 236 3 427%


Solar - - 0 4 8 14 22 54

Wind 38 2 197 4 238 15 268 23 810 24 194 28 114 35 187 1 502%

Hydro 123 101 109 109 81 68 74 61 -39.8%

Biomass 90 1 428 6 012 11 009 26 469 29 605 40 686 38 891 2 623%

- Straw - 363 1 505 2 021 7 715 6 432 10 207 7 467 1 957%

- Wood 90 745 909 2 518 9 405 11 571 19 374 20 135 2 603%

- Waste, renewable - 320 3 598 6 470 9 350 11 602 11 104 11 288 3 427%

Biogas 39 444 1 122 1 861 2 415 2 751 2 811 2 681 504%

Other fuels than coal for electricity produc-tion

Until the early 1990s, coal was the dominant fuel

used in the production of electricity. In 1990, other

types of fuel than coal only accounted for 8.7% of

total fuel consumption.

This share increased during the following years and

since the late 1990s it has accounted for around

40%-50%.

In 2011, oil, natural gas and renewable energy etc.together accounted for 53.8% of fuel consumption

for electricity production. This represents an in-

crease of 2.6 percentage points relative to 2010

and includes an increase in the share of renewable

energy etc. (from 28.3% to 34.8%) and decreases

in the shares of natural gas and oil.

Net exports of electricity by country Foreign trade in electricity varies more in Denmark

than in any other European country. Foreign tradeis strongly affected by price trends on the Nordic

electricity exchange, Nord Pool, which, in turn, is

significantly influenced by varying precipitation

patterns in Norway and Sweden, where electricity

production is dominated by hydropower.

In some years Danish foreign trade results in con-

siderable net exchange; in other years, including in

recent years, there is relatively modest exchange

overall, although exchange with the individual

neighbouring countries is large. In 2011, Denmark

had overall net imports of electricity of 4.7 PJ. This

was the result of net imports from Norway and

Sweden of 4.3 PJ and 8.8 PJ, respectively, and net

exports to Germany of 8.3 PJ.

0%10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Renewable energy and wasteNatural gas

Oil

-40-20

0

20

40

60

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Total Germany Norway Sweden


14/60


14

Electricity capacity, end of yearChange

[MW] 1994 2000 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 '94 - '11

Total electricity capacity 10 774 12 598 13 091 13 129 13 004 13 395 13 438 13 586 26.1%

Large-scale units 9 126 8 160 7 710 7 634 7 406 7 446 7 173 7 173 -21.4%

- Electricity 2 186 1 429 444 850 838 838 838 838 -61.7%

- CHP 6 940 6 731 7 267 6 784 6 569 6 608 6 335 6 335 -8.7%

Small-scale units 773 1 462 1 575 1 688 1 767 1 808 1 816 1 811 134%

Autoproducers 339 574 664 671 655 646 632 626 84.4%

Solar 0 2 3 3 3 5 7 17 16 500%

Wind 527 2 390 3 127 3 124 3 163 3 482 3 802 3 951 650%

Hydro power units 9 10 11 9 9 9 9 9

Electricity capacity Up until the early 1990s electricity production ca-

pacity was dominated by the large-scale power

units. Up through the 1990s, electricity capacity in

small-scale units and secondary installations in-

creased. By the turn of the millennium, this capa-

city corresponded to a quarter of the capacity of the

large-scale units.

Electricity capacity in large-scale units has de-

creased slightly over the past ten years, while ca-

pacity in small-scale units increased slightly. Small-

scale capacity now corresponds to one-third of

large-scale capacity.

Wind power capacity has also been increasing and

in 2011 accounted for 3951 MW, which is an in-

crease of 149 MW or 4% compared to 2010.

CHP share of thermal power and districtheating production

By generating electricity and district heating to-

gether, it is possible to exploit the large amounts of

heat generated through thermal production of elec-

tricity.In 2011, 63.2% of thermal electricity production

(i.e. total production less wind power and hydro-

power) was produced simultaneously with heating.

This is an increase of 2.2 percentage points relative

to 2010. In 2000, the share was 55.9%, whereas it

was 36.8% in 1990.

In 2011, 76.3% of district heating was produced

together with electricity. The corresponding figures

in 2000 and 1990 were 81.6% and 55.8%, respec-

tively.

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

MW

Large-scale units Small-scale units

Autoproducers Wind turbines

0%

20%40%60%80%

100%

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11District heating Electricity


15/60


15

Heat production by type of production plant

Number of

unitsElectricity capa-

city Heat capacity

Share of total

heat supply

[MW] [MJ/s] [%]

Large-scale CHP units 35 6 335 6 439 44.3

Small-scale CHP units 537 1 819 2 218 18.7

District heating by type of producer 1 213 0 11 882 19.4

Autoproducers

- CHP units 308 596 1 641 13.4

- Heating units 108 0 1 143 4.3

2 201 8 750 23 323 100.0

Heat production by fuel

Electricity and heat producers by plant Heat producers by plant

Primary fuelNumber of

units

Electricity

capacity

Heat capa-

city

Share of

total heatsupply

Number

of unitsHeat capacity

Share of total

heat supply

[MW] [MJ/s] [%] [MJ/s] [%]

Coal 14 4 086 3 496 23.7 3 72 0.1

Natural gas 506 2 159 3 371 17.8 408 4 759 6.4

Oil 39 563 443 0.3 269 4 119 0.9

Waste 25 298 881 17.0 15 166 2.3

Biogas 140 72 98 0.6 23 55 0.2

Biomass 21 996 1 488 17.1 285 1 995 11.2

Surplus heat 0 0 0 0.0 15 257 2.3

Solar 0 0 0 0.0 22 109 0.1

Heat pumps and electricboilers

0 0 0 0.0 23 169 0.2

No production in 2011 135 576 511 0.0 258 1 335 0.0

880 8 750 10 288 76.4 1 321 13 035 23.6

Heat supply by type of fuel Danish district heating production takes place partlyat CHP units and partly at units exclusively produc-

ing district heating. CHP units produced 76.4%, of

which large-scale CHP units contributed 44.3%,

small-scale CHP units contributed 18.7%, and CHP

units at autoproducers contributed 13.4%.

Some CHP and district heating units use several

types of fuel. A break down by types of primary fuel

used by units in 2011 reveals that CHP units using

coal as the primary fuel accounted for almost 24%

of Danish heat supply, while units using natural

gas, waste or biomass as primary fuel each ac-

counted for 17-18% of total Danish district heating

supply.

For units that produce district heating alone, units

primarily firing with biomass contributed 11% and

natural gas units contributed 6% of total Danish

district heating supply.

0

20

40

60

80

CHP units District heating

TJ

Coal Natural gas Waste

Biomass Others


16/60


16

District heating production by type of production plantChange


Total gross production 79 016 92 411 119 090 119 725 128 468 130 173 150 096 132 193 43.0%

Large-scale CHP units 30 757 51 511 64 388 56 271 58 248 58 186 69 668 58 340 13.3%

Small-scale CHP units 30 2 145 19 665 33 027 32 727 25 242 28 631 25 013 1 066%

District heating by type ofproducer

43 655 27 755 20 393 12 539 16 707 24 293 29 422 25 841 -6.9%

Autoproducers

- CHP units 1) 130 694 3 857 8 375 14 884 17 154 17 137 17 563 2 431%

- Heating units 1) 4 444 10 306 10 787 9 513 5 901 5 298 5 238 5 436 -47.3%

Consumption in production - - -1 438 -1 533 -1 303 -1 199 -1 132 - 671

Large-scale CHP units - - -1 156 - 866 - 384 - 313 - 331 - 0

Small-scale CHP units - - - 152 - 637 - 656 - 743 - 562 - 465

District heating - - - 130 - 30 - 262 - 143 - 239 - 206

Total net production 79 016 92 411 117 652 118 192 127 165 128 974 148 964 131 522 42.3%

Net imports - 122 141 144 153 153 174 152 24.2%

Domestic supply 79 016 92 533 117 793 118 336 127 318 129 127 149 138 131 674 42.3%

Consumption in refineries - - 428 - 380 - 275 - 355 - 586 - 586 - 586 36.9%

Distribution losses -19 754 -18 507 -23 559 -23 667 -25 464 -25 825 -29 828 -26 339 42.3%

Final energy consumption 59 262 73 599 93 854 94 393 101 499 102 716 118 725 104 753 42.3%

1)Gross and net production are by definition identical.

District heating production by type of pro-duction plant

District heating production is generated at large-

scale CHP units, small-scale CHP units, district

heating units and by autoproducers such as in

manufacturing, horticulture and waste treatment

enterprises.

The greatest contribution to district heating produc-

tion comes from large-scale CHP units. Throughout

the 1990s, the share produced at small-scale units

increased as purely heat-generating district heating

units were converted to small-scale CHP generation.

The same period also saw an increase in production

by CHP units, at waste treatment facilities, in indus-

try and in horticulture etc.

Total district heating production was 132.2 PJ in

2011. This constitutes a drop of 11.9% compared

with 2010, which was characterised by considerably

colder weather. District heating production has

gone up by 10.4% since 2000 and by 43.0% since

1990.

0

20

40

60

80

100120140160

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Large-scale CHP units Small-scale CHP units

District heating units Autoproducers, CHPAutoproducers, heat only


17/60


17

District heating production by fuelChange


Total gross production 113 092 119 725 130 448 128 468 127 416 130 173 150 096 132 193 16.9%

Oil 6 335 4 433 8 107 6 103 4 461 5 892 4 580 2 437 -61.5%

- Orimulsion - 1 291 42 - - - - -

Natural gas 25 370 41 620 41 855 39 377 37 267 35 800 44 641 34 791 37%Coal 55 748 38 873 36 935 34 189 32 989 34 138 36 051 30 959 -44.5%

Surplus heat 2 676 3 622 3 329 3 110 2 687 2 540 2 458 2 673 -0.1%

Waste, non-renewable 6 084 8 651 10 272 10 713 11 803 11 129 10 629 10 860 78.5%


Solar 6 24 51 53 67 100 139 212 3 584%

Geothermal 42 58 82 172 250 241 212 166 291%

Biomass 16 304 21 462 28 787 33 509 36 809 39 037 50 076 48 620 198%

- Straw 4 318 5 696 6 808 7 681 6 727 7 710 11 786 9 738 126%

- Wood 4 327 5 153 9 059 12 086 14 216 16 297 23 613 24 940 476%

- Bio oil 223 39 365 650 1 439 1 428 1 685 669 200%

- Waste, renewable 7 436 10 574 12 555 13 093 14 426 13 602 12 991 13 274 78%

Biogas 348 903 966 1 169 1 020 1 219 1 162 1 215 249%

Heat pumps 178 78 64 72 64 77 147 260 46%

Fuel consumption for district heating productionChange


Total fuel consumption 75 443 69 878 77 823 73 286 78 930 82 789 96 052 83 794 11.1%

Oil 51 304 4 766 5 076 3 726 4 322 4 225 4 516 2 540 -46.7%

- Orimulsion - - 241 646 - - - -

Natural gas - 12 131 18 883 22 203 22 044 23 320 28 379 22 049 81.8%

Coal 13 527 30 898 28 701 19 459 17 121 17 126 18 102 15 528 -49.7%

Surplus heat - - - - - - - -

Waste, non-renewable 4 492 6 289 6 778 7 675 8 138 7 269 7 122 7 086 12.7%


Solar - 6 6 24 53 105 143 212 3 434%

Geothermal - 96 94 116 344 483 425 331 245%

Biomass 6 105 15 611 17 894 19 425 26 125 29 451 36 506 35 057 125%

- Straw 290 3 640 4 753 5 013 5 934 6 086 8 577 7 452 105%

- Wood 324 3 541 4 606 4 983 9 484 12 859 17 276 18 161 413%

- Bio oil - 744 251 49 761 1 622 1 949 784 5.3%

- Waste, renewable 5 491 7 686 8 284 9 380 9 946 8 884 8 705 8 661 12.7%

Biogas 15 81 334 582 707 734 710 733 804%

Heat pumps - - 57 75 76 77 149 258

Fuel consumption for district heating pro-

duction, percentage distribution

There was a significant change in the fuel used in

the production of district heating in the period 1990

to 2010. In 2011 the composition was 52.1% re-

newable energy etc. (of which non-renewable waste

8.5%, biomass 41.8% and other renewables 1.8%),

natural gas 26.3%, coal 18.5% and oil 3.0%.

Consumption of natural gas and renewable energy

etc. has increased year by year. In 1990, the share

of natural gas and renewable energy etc. was

17.4% and 31.6%, respectively (including biomass

22.3%).

Consumption of coal decreased significantly from

1990 to 2011. In 1990, this constituted 44.2% of

the total consumption of fuel for district heating.0%

20%40%60%80%

100%

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Renewable energy and wasteCoal

Natural gasOil


18/60

ENERGY SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION 20112010

18

Energy supply and consumption 2011

Direct energy content [TJ] Total Crude oilRefinery

feed-stocks

Refinerygas

LPGNaph-

tha(LVN)

Avia-tion

gaso-line

Motorgasoline

Otherkerose

neJP1

Gas-/diesel

oilFuel oil

Wasteoil

Petro-leumcoke

Orimul-sion

Total energy supply

- Primary production 887 199 470 447 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- Recycling 41 - - - - - - - - - - - 41 - -

- Registered imports 640 476 129 861 - - 357 - 53 28 163 - 36 272 93 540 82 919 - 8 014 -

- Registered exports -716 007 -311 846 -6 700 - -4 280 - - -46 431 - -19 150 -53 150 -117 313 - - 319 -

- Border trade -7 518 - - - - - - 821 - - -8 967 - - 628 -

- International marine bunkers -29 442 - - - - - - - - - -10 432 -18 909 - - -

- Supply from blending 1 376 844 - 493 - - 35 - 290 - 2 1 987 50 604 -2 412 888 - - -

- Stock changes 9 983 1 471 - 30 - 13 290 14 -1 688 - 8 886 10 248 13 574 - -1 198 -

Statistical difference 5 766 2 109 - 48 - 193 - - 1 -1 075 - 1 - 387 2 503 732 - - 8 -

Extraction and gasification -25 064 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Refineries

- Input and net production -2 678 -292 886 7 270 14 958 6 063 - - 81 340 - 11 952 122 018 46 606 - - -

- Own use in production -16 001 - - -13 725 - - - - - - - - 510 - - -

Used in distribution -2 275 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Large-scale power units -

- Fuels used and production - 635 - - - - - - - - - - 876 - 4 - - -

- Own use in production - 14 - - - - - - - - - - - -

Large-scale CHP units -

- Fuels used and production -57 660 - - - - 0 - - - - - - 257 -1 915 - - -

- Own use in production -5 570 - - - - - - - - -

Wind turbines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Hydro power plants - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Small-scale CHP units -

- Fuels used and production -6 422 - - - - - - - - - - 88 - 2 - - -

- Own use in production - 921 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

District heating units -

- Fuels used and production -1 241 - - - - 0 - - - - - -1 579 - 260 - 3 - -

- Own use in production - 206 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Autoproducers -

- Electricity units - 13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- CHP units -8 209 - - -1 232 - - - - - - - 34 - 741 - 5 - -

- Heat units 1 527 - - - - - - - - - - 11 - - 1 - -

Gas Works - 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Distribution losses etc. -35 071 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Final energy consumption -

- Non-energy use -12 374 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- Road -160 248 - - - - - - -62 003 - 0 - -92 691 - - - -

- Rail -4 799 - - - - - - - 0 - - -3 370 - - - -

- Domestic sea transport -6 385 - - - - - - - - - -5 654 - 732 - - -

- International aviation -35 167 - - - - - - 4 - - -35 163 - - - - -

- Domestic aviation -1 470 - - - - - - 57 - 1 - -1 411 - - - - -

- Military transport -2 652 - - - - - - 4 - - -1 603 -1 045 - - - -

- Agriculture and forestry -23 582 - - - - 129 - - - 25 - 2 - -14 226 - 31 - - -

- Horticulture -5 149 - - - - 13 - - - 2 - - - 383 - 395 - - -

- Fishing -5 751 - - - - 11 - - - 1 - - -5 739 - - - -

- Manufacturing -94 049 - - - - 986 - - - 118 - 3 - -4 904 -3 844 - 33 -6 488 -

- Construction -7 203 - - - - 98 - - - 21 - 18 - -5 370 - - - -

- Wholesale -11 938 - - - - 41 - - - - 1 - - 279 - 0 - - 0 -

- Retail trade -10 239 - - - - 2 - - - - 0 - - 34 - 0 - - 0 -

- Private service -37 016 - - - - 211 - - - - 2 - - 757 - 13 - 0 - 0 -

- Public service -23 545 - - - - 55 - - - - 2 - -1 051 - 20 - - 0 -

- Single-family houses -140 379 - - - - 530 - - - 944 - 18 - -13 698 - - - 628 -

- Multi-family houses -49 468 - - - - 235 - - - - 4 - -1 305 - 28 - - 0 -


19/60

ENERGY SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION 2011

19

Whitespirit,

lubricantsand

bitumen

Naturalgas

CoalCoke

etcSolar Wind Hydro

Geothermal

StrawWoodchips

Fire-wood

Woodpellets

Woodwaste

Biogas Wastesbiooil,

bio-diesel

Heatpumps

Electri-city

Districtheating

Gasworks

gas

- 264 632 - - 784 35 187 61 331 19 756 11 291 20 469 2 411 7 523 4 106 38 550 3 748 7 903 - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

12 624 13 803 149 600 617 - - - - - 5 817 3 332 27 731 - - - 5 525 - 42 095 152 -

- 327 -117 051 - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - -2 092 - -37 349 - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- 101 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 225 - - - -

168 -5 744 -14 924 83 - - - - - - - - - - - -1 180 - - - -

- 1 973 649 4 - 0 - - - 5 - - - - 0 - - 0 120 - - - 0 - 0

- -25 064 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1 180 - 586 -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2 275 - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 246 - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14 - -

- -21 702 -129 314 - - - - - -7 462 -5 170 --16740

- 765 - 36 - - - 67 362 58 340 -

-5 570 - 0 -

- - - - - -35 187 - - - - - - - - - - - 35 187 - -

- - - - - - - 61 - - - - - - - - - - 61 - -

- -29 653 - 478 - - - - - -2 718 -2 718 - - - 838 -2 137 -8 969 - - 16 168 25 013 -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 456 - 465 -

- -8 183 - 82 - - 212 - - - 331 -4 734 -7 086 - -2 524 - 490 - 94 - 505 - 784 - - 215 25 841 -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 206 -

- - - - - 54 - - - - - - - - - 17 - - - 58 - -

- -4 845 - 137 - - - - - - - 945 - - - 587 -1 022 -23 758 - - 7 536 17 563 -

- - 272 - - - - - - - 5 - 42 - - - 389 - 107 -3 039 - - - 43 5 436 -

- - 560 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 554

- - 119 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8 595 -26 335 - 22

-12 374 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5 554 - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1 429 - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - 792 - 107 - - - - - -1 937 - 27 - - - - 181 - - - 381 -5 744 - -

- - 649 -1 084 - - - - - - - - - - 135 - - - - - 903 -1 585 -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- -29 241 -4 113 - 682 - - - - - - 891 - - 951 -4 317 - 153 -1 687 - -1 237 -29 258 -5 100 - 42

- - 410 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1 286 - -

- -1 400 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5 665 -4 553 -

- - 899 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -6 456 -2 847 -

- -4 228 - - - - - - - - 2 - - - 1 - 358 - 591 - - -16 941 -13 899 - 15

- -2 701 - - - 78 - - - - - 146 - - 832 - - - - - -8 932 -9 704 - 24

- -21 997 - - 10 - 363 - - - -2 905 - 81 -23 801 -9 095 - - - - 9 -6 286 -27 039 -32 732 - 245

- -3 898 - 9 - 10 - 78 - - - - - - - - - - - - -9 362 -34 334 - 206


20/60

GROSS ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

20

Gross energy consumption Change

1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 '90-'11

Adjusted total gross energyConsumption [fuel equivalent in

PJ]

814 819 840 839 851 815 815 807 -1.4%

Fuels 814 819 840 839 851 815 815 807 -1.4%

Oil 546 355 374 376 352 315 311 304 -14.3%Natural gas 0 82 134 192 192 166 176 160 95.9%

Coal and coke 241 327 265 175 166 172 147 149 -54.4%

Waste, non-renewable 5 8 10 14 17 18 16 18 129%

Renewable energy 22 48 57 81 124 144 165 176 268%

Energy products 814 819 840 839 851 815 815 807 -1.4%

Oil 446 338 335 329 333 300 299 297 -12.2%

Natural gas 0 59 83 98 100 93 94 93 56.8%

Coal and coke 22 17 16 12 11 5 6 6 -64.7%



Electricity 249 297 298 286 279 275 273 260 -12.5%

District heating 73 78 79 79 81 84 86 87 12.3%

Gas works gas 7 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 -69.3%Uses 814 819 840 839 851 815 815 807 -1.4%

Energy sector 17 28 38 44 52 44 46 45 59.9%

Non-energy use 16 13 13 13 12 10 11 12 -4.8%

Transport 144 172 186 203 218 211 211 213 23.9%

Agriculture and industry 228 227 233 227 214 187 186 183 -19.6%

Commercial and public service 130 132 127 125 127 132 130 126 -4.1%

Households 277 248 243 227 229 231 230 228 -7.9%

Observed total energy consump-

tion [PJ]830 753 841 817 835 811 846 792 5.2%

Oil 555 343 372 370 348 315 315 303 -11.9%

Natural gas 0 76 133 186 188 165 185 157 106%

Coal and coke 252 255 272 166 155 168 163 136 -46.6%



Foreign trade in electricity - 4 25 - 3 2 5 1 - 4 5 -81.3%

Foreign trade in district heating - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24.6%

Observed energy consumption and adjustedgross energy consumption

Observed energy consumption shows the registered

amount of energy consumed in a calendar year.

Gross energy consumption is derived by adjusting

observed energy consumption for the fuel consump-

tion linked to foreign trade in electricity. The ad-

justed gross energy consumption is moreover ad-

justed for climate variations with respect to a nor-

mal weather year. The purpose of this consumption

figure is to provide a clearer picture of trends in

domestic energy consumption.

Adjusted gross energy consumption was 807 PJ in

2011, which is 0.9% below the 2010 level. Com-

pared with 1990, consumption fell by 1.4%.

Observed energy consumption was 792 PJ in 2011,

which is 6.4% lower than the year before, which

generally saw very cold weather. Compared with

1990, observed energy consumption was 5.2%

higher. This should be seen in the context of un-

usually high net imports of electricity in 1990,

which in 1990 led to low fuel consumption for elec-

tricity production.

*) Net electricity exports and climate adjusted consumption

600700800900

1000

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Observed energy consumption

Adjusted gross energy consumption *)


21/60


21

Gross energy consumption by fuel Adjusted gross energy consumption was 1.4%lower in 2011 than in 1990, however consumption

of individual fuels has followed rather varied trends.

Consumption of oil fell drastically up until 1993,

after which it rose again and stabilised, first at

around 380 PJ and then at around 350 PJ. After

this, there was another drop. From 1990 to 2011,

oil consumption fell by 14.2%. Consumption of coal,

which primarily takes place at CHP units, has de-

creased by 54.4% since 1990. Consumption of

natural gas and renewable energy etc. (i.e. renew-

able energy and non-renewable waste) went up by

95.9% and 249%, respectively, in the period.

In 2011, consumption of oil and natural gas de-

creased by 2.1% and 9.0%, respectively, compared

with the year before. Consumption of coal and re-

newable energy etc. grew by 1.4% and 7.1%, re-

spectively.

Gross energy consumption by energyproduct after transformation

Gross energy consumption by energy product

shows gross energy consumption after a number of

fuels have been transformed to electricity, district

heating, and gas works gas. In other words, the

consumption of oil, natural gas, coal and renewable

energy etc. is a statement of the volumes of these

fuels used outside the transformation sector.

Fuel consumption for electricity production was 260

PJ in 2011, which is 4.8% less than in 2010. Com-

pared with 1990, fuel consumption fell by 12.5%

due to more efficient electricity production and a

growing share of wind power.

Fuel consumption for district heating was 87 PJ in

2011, which is 0.8% more than in 2010. Compared

with 1990, fuel consumption increased by 12.3%.

Also in this regard, production has become more

efficient, as district heating production has in-

creased by 43.0% since 1990.

Gross energy consumption by use For gross energy consumption broken down by use,note that electricity, district heating and gas works

gas are included with their associated fuel con-

sumptions.

Gross energy consumption for transport was 0.9%

higher in 2011 than the year before, whereas in the

agriculture and industry sector consumption fell by2.0%. In the commercial and public service sector

and households, gross energy consumption fell by

3.1% and 0.8%, respectively. In the energy sector

(platforms in the North Sea and oil refineries) gross

energy consumption fell by 1.5%.

Compared with 1990, gross energy consumption for

transport increased by 23.9%. In the commercial

and public service sector, gross energy consump-

tion fell by 19.6%, while it fell by 4.1% and 7.9%,

respectively, for the agriculture and industry sector

and for households. From 1990 to 2011, develop-

ments were very much affected by the fact that

electricity and district heating can be generatedwith ever smaller fuel consumption.

Adjusted

0

300600

900

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Oil Natural gas

Coal and coke Renewable energy etc.

Adjusted

0

300600900

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Oil Natural gasCoal and coke Renewable energy etc.

Electricity District heatingGas works gas

Adjusted

0

300600

900

1990 '95 '00 '05

PJ

Households

Commercial and public servicesAgriculture and industry

TransportNon-energy useEnergy sector


22/60


22

Final energy consumptionChange

Direct energy contents [TJ] 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 '90-'11

Total final energy consumption,climate adjusted

609 585 604 200 635 165 651 093 666 266 632 807 633 799 640 277 6.0%

By energy product

Oil 430 738 321 946 312 655 312 354 312 290 285 619 282 641 279 770 -13.1%

Natural gas - 50 060 70 192 72 674 72 415 66 375 67 776 67 822 35.5%

Coal and coke 21 623 17 243 16 186 12 389 10 826 5 228 5 559 6 080 -64.7%

Waste, non-renewable 288 470 595 763 1 239 947 933 1 036 120%


Electricity 78 336 103 176 111 346 117 572 120 732 113 307 114 723 113 305 9.8%

District heating 57 715 81 679 95 297 102 152 104 675 104 105 106 585 108 797 33.2%

Gas works gas 4 930 1 654 1 271 691 547 486 485 546 -67.0%

By use

Non-energy use 16 253 13 004 13 403 12 619 12 064 10 498 11 026 12 374 -4.8%

Transport 143 337 170 216 184 358 201 209 215 789 209 160 208 770 210 721 23.8%

Road transport 100 945 129 943 139 607 153 666 161 923 160 604 160 245 160 248 23.3%

Rail transport 5 016 4 765 4 957 4 339 4 488 4 533 4 728 4 799 0.7%

Sea transport, domestic 5 588 6 344 7 625 6 857 8 026 7 535 6 533 6 385 0.6%

Aviation 23 642 27 515 28 720 34 822 37 627 34 297 35 795 36 637 33.2%

Military transport 8 145 1 649 3 449 1 525 3 726 2 191 1 470 2 652 60.8%

Agriculture and industry 167 712 159 453 167 794 167 606 158 656 135 733 136 223 136 608 -14.3%

Agriculture and forestry 18 484 22 584 22 083 24 110 22 197 23 913 23 615 23 782 5.3%

Horticulture 11 338 10 540 9 821 8 588 7 412 6 195 5 439 5 387 -48.9%

Fishing 7 312 10 785 8 324 9 451 7 488 6 105 6 049 5 751 -46.7%

Manufacturing 124 586 109 250 120 235 117 806 113 406 92 240 93 981 94 457 -13.5%

Construction 5 992 6 295 7 331 7 651 8 152 7 280 7 140 7 231 14.9%

Commercial and public services 78 314 77 047 77 698 80 607 85 067 84 184 84 099 84 489 9.7%

Wholesale 19 045 13 795 13 307 13 895 12 910 12 214 12 246 12 151 -11.9%

Retail trade 9 702 8 883 8 728 9 324 9 993 10 190 10 386 10 394 17.0%

Private service 25 955 28 812 31 239 32 904 36 247 37 399 37 384 37 809 31.2%

Public service 23 612 25 557 24 423 24 484 25 917 24 380 24 083 24 134 -5.6%

Households 203 969 184 479 191 913 189 052 194 690 193 233 193 681 196 085 6.3%

Single-family houses 155 657 136 823 141 798 139 337 144 194 143 850 143 250 145 011 6.0%

Multi-family houses 48 312 47 656 50 115 49 715 50 496 49 383 50 431 51 073 7.2%

Observed 616 980 580 617 631 471 632 823 658 852 629 657 660 538 631 415 8.7%


23/60


23

Final energy consumption by use Final energy consumption includes consumption fortransport and non-energy purposes (such as lubri-

cants and asphalt), and energy consumption for

production and heating by the agriculture and in-

dustry sector, the commercial and public service

sector, and energy consumption by households.

Final energy consumption was 640 PJ in 2011,which is 1.0% more than in 2010. Final consump-

tion was 6.0% higher compared with 1990.

Energy consumption for the transport sector in-

creased steadily throughout most of the period.

However, there was a drop in 2008 and 2009. From

1990 to 2011 consumption went up by 23.8%.

Energy consumption in the agriculture and industry

sector fell by 14.3% from 1990 to 2011, while con-

sumption in the commercial and public service sec-

tor and households increased by 9.7% and 6.3%,

respectively.

Final energy consumption by energyproduct

Final energy consumption increased by 1.0% from

2010 to 2011. Consumption of oil fell by 1.0%,

while consumption of natural gas and coal (for

other uses than electricity and district heating pro-

duction) increased by 0.1% and 9.4%, respectively.

Consumption of electricity was 1.2% lower and

consumption of district heating was 2.1% higher

than the year before.

Since 1990, final consumption of natural gas has

increased by 35.5%, while consumption of electric-

ity and district heating has increased by 9.8% and

33.2%, respectively. In the same period, consump-

tion of oil and coal fell by 13.1% and 64.7%, re-

spectively.

In 2011, final consumption of renewable energy

etc. was 14.1% higher than the previous year.

Consumption of renewable energy etc. has in-

creased by 125% since 1990. Renewable energy

grew by 95.9%.

Gross energy consumption and final energyconsumption per DKK million GDP

Economic activity in Denmark, measured in terms

of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2005 prices

(chained values), has increased much faster than

energy consumption.

In 2011 gross energy consumption was 0.522 TJper DKK million GDP (calculated in 2005 prices,

chained values), as opposed to 0.729 TJ in 1990;

i.e. fuel intensity was reduced by 28.5% during this

period. Intensity fell by 1.7% in 2011 compared

with the year before.

If developments in GDP are instead compared with

developments in final energy consumption, energy

intensity fell by 23.1% from 1990 to 2011. This

reduction is less than the figure above, because the

increased efficiency of the transformation sector is

not included. Intensity grew by 0.3% in 2011 com-

pared with the year before.

Adjusted

TJ per DKK million GDP (2005 prices)

Climate adjusted

0

50

100150200250

Non-energyuse Transport Agricultureand industry Commercialand public

servicesHouseholds

PJ

1980 1990 2000 2011

Adjusted

Renewable energy and waste

Electricity District heatingGas works gas

0

100200300400500600700

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Oil Natural gasCoal and coke

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Gross energy consumptionFinal energy consumption


24/60


24

Final electricity consumptionChange

Direct energy content [TJ] 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 '90-'11

Total final electricity con-

sumption. Climate adj.78 336 103 176 111 346 117 572 120 732 113 307 114 723 113 305 9.8%

Rail transport 479 736 854 1 253 1 351 1 422 1 455 1 429 94.2%

Agriculture and industry 27 682 36 597 40 444 43 265 44 093 37 198 37 899 37 226 1.7%

Agriculture 5 086 5 457 5 522 5 968 5 904 5 828 5 920 5 761 5.6%

Horticulture 467 686 960 1 079 971 930 921 903 31.7%

Manufacturing 21 362 29 400 32 854 35 004 35 944 29 097 29 686 29 275 -0.4%

Construction 767 1 054 1 107 1 214 1 274 1 342 1 372 1 286 22.0%

Commercial and public

services21 788 30 147 32 847 35 715 37 479 38 268 38 631 38 043 26.2%

Wholesale 3 599 5 451 5 305 5 936 5 973 5 771 5 740 5 669 4.0%

Retail trade 3 784 5 202 5 134 5 742 6 260 6 338 6 543 6 461 24.2%

Private service 8 347 11 715 13 391 14 903 15 866 16 973 17 087 16 967 44.8%

Public service 6 058 7 778 9 016 9 134 9 380 9 186 9 262 8 946 15.0%

Households 28 388 35 696 37 202 37 339 37 810 36 419 36 738 36 608 2.6%

Single-family houses 21 431 27 011 28 221 28 210 28 279 27 191 27 335 27 226 0.8%

Multi-family houses 6 957 8 686 8 980 9 129 9 530 9 227 9 403 9 382 8.0%

Observed 78 571 102 103 111 174 116 831 120 469 113 205 115 646 113 014 10.7%

Final electricity consumption by use Electricity consumption by manufacturing industrieswas 1.4% lower in 2011 than in 2010. Electricity

consumption is almost unchanged (a drop of only

0.4%) compared with the 1990 level.

In the commercial and public service sector, elec-

tricity consumption increased until 2008, after

which it fell. In 2011, electricity consumption was1.5% lower than the year before. From 1990 to

2011 electricity consumption went up by 26.2%.

The electricity consumption of households increased

slightly from 1990 to 2006, however consumption

has remained almost stable in recent years. Elec-

tricity consumption fell by 0.4% in 2011. Consump-

tion increased by 2.6% relative to 1990.

Electricity consumptions share of total en-

ergy consumption

From 1980 to 1990, electricity consumptions share

of total energy consumption grew quite significantlyin all areas of use, except for the transport sector.

Since then, the share grew moderately until the late

1990s and then stagnated. In 1990, the share was

17.1%, in 2000 it was 18.1% and in 2011 it was

17.7%.

In the commercial and public service sector, elec-

tricity consumptions share of total energy con-

sumption increased until 2001 and has remained

almost unchanged since then. In 2011, electricity

consumption accounted for 45.0% of the sector's

total energy consumption. In manufacturing indus-

tries and households, electricity's share was 31.0%

and 18.7%, respectively, in 2011.For households,the share was lower in 2011 than in 1990.

PJ Climate adjusted

Climate adjusted

25

30

35

40

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Manufacturing

Commercial and public services

Households

0%

10%20%30%40%50%

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11TotalManufacturingCommercial and public services

Households

Others


25/60

TRANSPORT

25

Energy consumption for transport by type Energy consumption for transport followed an up-ward trend until 2007, after which it fell in 2008

and 2009. In 2011, energy consumption was calcu-

lated at 210.7 PJ, which is 0.9% higher than the

year before. Compared with 1990, energy con-

sumption for transport has increased by 23.8%.

Energy consumption for transport was 160.2 PJ in

2011, which is unchanged compared to the year

before. Energy consumption for road transport is

calculated as sales in Denmark, adjusted for cross-

border trade. Cross-border trade in diesel fuel,

deducted from Danish sales, was 9.0 PJ in 2010,

while cross-border trade in petrol, added to Danish

sales of petrol, was 0.8 PJ.

Energy consumption for international aviation grew

steadily throughout almost the whole period 1990-

2011, only interrupted by drops in 2002 and 2009.

Consumption increased by 2.7% in 2011.

Energy consumption for transport by fueltype

Consumption of petrol (including bioethanol) fell by

5.6% from 2010 to 2011, while consumption of

diesel fuel (including biodiesel) increased by 4.3%.

Consumption of bioethanol and biodiesel together

went up from 1.1 PJ in 2010 to 5.6 PJ in 2011.

Considering developments from 1990 to 2011,

consumption of petrol (including biogasoline) fell by

13.8%, while consumption of diesel fuel (including

biodiesel) grew by 72.2%. Consumption of aviation

fuels increased by 31.9%.Consumption of other types of fuel fell by 58.6% in

the same period. Other types of fuel include auto-

gas (LPG) for road transport, fuel oil for sea trans-

port, as well as electricity consumption by railways.

Energy consumption for road transport Energy consumption for road transport is by far thelargest contributor to total energy consumption for

transport. This contribution was almost unchanged

from 1990 to 2011. In 2011, road transport's shareof total energy consumption was 76.0%.

Consumption of diesel fuel has increased signifi-

cantly since 1990 and has been the most common

fuel for road transport since 2006. In 2011, diesel

fuel (including biodiesel) accounted for 60.0% of

total energy consumption for transport, as opposed

to 42.1% in 1990.

0

50

100150200250

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Gasoline DieselAviation fuels Other fuels

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Road transport, share of energy consumptionin transport

Diesel oil, share of energy consumption inroad transport

0

50

100150200250

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Road RailDomestic sea transport Domestic aviation

International aviation Military transport


26/60

TRANSPORT

26

Final energy consumption by passenger andfreight transport

In the composition of energy consumption for

transport of passengers and freight, vans less than

two tonnes are included under passenger transport,

whereas vans of 2-6 tonnes are included under

freight transport. This year, the statement has been

revised due to new data from the Danish Road

Directorate and Statistics Denmark.

Out of the total energy consumption for transport in

2011, which amounted to 210.7 PJ, passenger

transport accounted for 147.1 PJ, corresponding to

69.8%. Energy consumption for freight transport

was 61.0 PJ, corresponding to 28.9%, while energy

consumption for transport by Danish Defence was

2.7 PJ.

Energy consumption for passenger transport grew

by 0.7% from 2010 to 2011, while energy con-

sumption for freight transport fell by 0.4%. Consid-

ering the trend from 1990 to 2011, energy con-

sumption for passenger transport increased by

24.7%, while energy consumption for freight trans-

port increased by 20.4%.

Energy consumption for passenger trans-

port by means of transportEnergy consumption for passenger transport is

mainly used for transport by car and for interna-

tional aviation. In 2011, energy consumption for

these categories made up 67.4% and 21.0%, re-

spectively, of total energy consumption for passen-

ger transport.

Energy consumption for cars and vans (under 2

tonnes) increased by 0.5% from 2010 to 2011,while energy consumption for international aviation

rose by 2.8%. From 1990 to 2011, energy con-

sumption for cars and vans increased by 25.9%,

while energy consumption for international aviation

grew by 53.5%.

Energy consumption for freight transportby means of transport

Energy consumption for freight transport is mostly

by lorries and vans (2-6 tonnes). In 2011, energy

consumption by these types of vehicle made up

38.3% and 48.9%, respectively, of total energy

consumption for freight transport.

Energy consumption for lorries increased by 3.6%

from 2010 to 2011, while energy consumption for

vans fell by 3.8%. From 1990 to 2011, energy

consumption for lorries increased by 0.7%, while

energy consumption for vans increased by 56.3%.

0

50

100150200250

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Transport of passengers Transport of goods

Military transport

PJ

0

1020

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Trucks Vans, 2-6 tonnesDomestic sea transport TrainAviation

PJ

Internationalaviation

0

50

100

150

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Busses

Domestic aviation

Domestic sea transport

Passenger cars and vans under 2 tonnes

Two-wheeled (mc and moped) Train,S-trainand metro


27/60

TRANSPORT/AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY

27

Final energy consumption for transport

Change


Total transport, observed 143 337 170 216 184 358 201 209 215 789 209 160 208 770 210 721 23.8%

LPG 880 464 41 425 323 119 3 - -100%

Aviation gasoline 201 155 153 119 107 82 76 65 -58.0%

Gasoline 67 830 74 327 80 998 88 976 82 126 71 698 66 755 62 004 -16.6%

JP4 7 500 - - - - - - -

Petroleum 129 462 52 39 14 0 0 0 -99.9%

JP1 23 473 28 828 30 189 35 810 39 959 35 297 36 586 38 178 32.4%

Gas/diesel oil 41 053 61 685 70 497 73 077 90 529 99 153 101 893 102 760 66.6%

Fuel oil 1 791 3 560 1 573 1 509 1 379 1 045 868 732 -79.4%

Bioethanol - - - - - 204 1 118 2 062

Biodiesel 139 16 3 492

Electricity 479 736 854 1 253 1 351 1 422 1 455 1 429 94.2%

Road 100 945 129 943 139 607 153 666 161 923 160 604 160 245 160 248 23.3%

Rail 5 016 4 765 4 957 4 339 4 488 4 533 4 728 4 799 0.7%

Domestic sea transport 5 588 6 344 7 625 6 857 8 026 7 535 6 533 6 385 0.6%

Domestic aviation 2 103 3 133 2 488 1 722 1 207 1 469 1 556 1 470 -53.1%

International aviation 21 540 24 381 26 232 33 100 36 420 32 828 34 239 35 167 44.2%


Transport of passengers 97 840 117 921 126 632 139 962 144 752 144 924 146 085 147 080 24.7%

Transport of goods 37 352 50 647 54 278 59 723 67 311 62 044 61 215 60 990 20.4%


Final energy consumption in agriculture and industryChange


Total agriculture and industryClimate adjusted.

167 712 159 453 167 794 167 606 158 656 135 733 136 223 136 608 -14.3%

Energy products

Oil 112 269 65 613 61 224 58 460 53 743 44 515 44 072 43 077 -34.3%

Natural gas - 25 281 35 375 35 606 32 433 29 517 30 798 31 338 24.0%

Coal and coke 19 126 16 315 15 623 12 339 10 817 5 207 5 531 6 050 -62.9%

Waste, non-renewable 25 13 13 72 591 759 759 759

Renewable energy 5 249 10 076 8 553 8 609 8 171 11 340 10 533 11 266 11.8%

Electricity 27 682 36 597 40 444 43 265 44 093 37 198 37 899 37 226 1.7%

District heating 2 949 5 409 6 399 9 210 8 788 7 155 6 589 6 850 26.6%

Gas works gas 413 149 164 45 19 42 41 42 -71.7%

Branches

Agriculture and forestry 18 484 22 584 22 083 24 110 22 197 23 913 23 615 23 782 5.3%

Horticulture 11 338 10 540 9 821 8 588 7 412 6 195 5 439 5 387 -48.9%

Fishing 7 312 10 785 8 324 9 451 7 488 6 105 6 049 5 751 -46.7%

Manufacturing industries 124 586 109 250 120 235 117 806 113 406 92 240 93 981 94 457 -13.5%

Building and construction 5 992 6 295 7 331 7 651 8 152 7 280 7 140 7 231 14.9%


28/60

AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY

28

Energy and electricity consumption inagriculture and industry

Agriculture and industry covers agriculture (in-

cluding machine stations and forestry), horticul-

ture, fishing, manufacturing industries (excl.

refineries), as well as building and construction.

Manufacturing industries account for around 70%

of total energy consumption in the agriculture

and industry sector.

In 2011 climate adjusted energy consumption in

agriculture and industry was 136.6 PJ, which is

0.3% higher than the year before. Compared

with 1990, energy consumption decreased by

14.3%.

Electricity consumption in 2011 was 37.2 PJ after

adjusting for climate variation. This is 1.8% less

than the year before. Compared with 1990, elec-

tricity consumption increased by 1.7%.

Energy consumption in agriculture andindustry by energy products

In 2011, consumption of natural gas, coal and

renewable energy etc. by the agriculture and

industry sector increased by 1.8%, 9.4% and

6.5%, respectively, compared with 2010, while

oil consumption fell by 2.3%. Consumption of

electricity fell by 1.8%, while consumption of

district heating was 4.0% higher in 2011 than

the year before.

Consumption of natural gas in the period 1990-

2011 increased by 24.0%, while consumption of

oil and coal fell by 34.3% and 62.9%, respec-

tively. Consumption of renewable energy etc.increased by 19.2%. Consumption of electricity

and district heating has increased by 1.7% and

26.6%, respectively, since 1990.

Energy consumption by individual industry in

the agriculture and industry sector

Energy consumption in agriculture increased by

0.7% in 2011. In horticulture and fishing, energy

consumption fell by 1.0% and 4.9%, respec-

tively. Energy consumption in manufacturing

industries and in building and construction went

up by 0.5% and 1.3%, respectively.

From 1990 to 2011, energy consumption in agri-

culture increased by 5.3%, while in building and

construction consumption increased by 14.9%.

In horticulture, fishing and manufacturing indus-

tries, energy consumption fell by 48.9%, 46.7%

and 13.5%, respectively.

Compared to 1990, agricultures share of total

energy consumption by the agriculture and in-

dustry sector increased from 14.2% to 17.4%,

while the share of manufacturing industries rose

from 68.5% to 69.1%. The other industries each

accounted for about 4% to 5% of energy con-

sumption in 2011.

Climate adjusted

Climate adjustedPJ

0

50

100150200

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11Total energy consumption

Electricity consumption

Climate adjusted

Electricity District heating

0

2040

60

80

100120140160180

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Oil Natural gas


0

20

40

60

80

100120140160180

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Agriculture and forestry Horticulture

Fishing ManufacturingConstruction


29/60


29

Electricity consumptions share of totalenergy consumption

Electricity consumption's share of total energy con-

sumption in the agriculture and industry sector

increased from 23.0% in 1990 to 27.2% in 2011.

In manufacturing industries the share of electricity

increased from 26.9% in 1990 to 31.0% in 2011.

In agriculture the share of electricity was 24.2% in

both 1990 and 2011. For horticulture, the share of

electricity has increased strongly over the years.

The share was 16.8% in 2011 compared to 6.5% in

1990.

Energy and electricity consumption inmanufacturing industries

Climate adjusted energy consumption in manufac-

turing industries increased from 94.0 PJ in 2010 to

94.5 PJ in 2011, corresponding to an increase of

0.5%. Compared with 1990, energy consumption

decreased by 13.5%.

In 2011, electricity consumption was 29.3 PJ, which

is 1.4% lower than the year before. Electricity con-

sumption has fallen by 0.4% since 1990.

Developments in the consumption of individual

energy products correspond to developments in

energy consumption in agriculture and industry as awhole.

Composition of energy consumption inmanufacturing industries

The composition of energy consumption in manu-

facturing industries has changed significantly since

1990, when oil consumption was dominant. In

1990, oil consumption accounted for almost one-

third of total energy consumption. In 2011 this

figure was 17.4%.

Natural gas continues to make up an increasing

share of energy consumption in manufacturing

industries. This share was 31.1% in 2011, as op-

posed to 20.7% in 1990.

Coal's share of energy consumption has gone down

from 12.3% in 1990 to 5.1% in 2011. The contribu-

tion from renewable energy etc. and district heating

has increased from 1990 to 2011. In 2011, their

shares were 9.8% and 5.5%, respectively.

The share of electricity consumption grew from26.9% in 1990 to 31.0% in 2011.

Climate adjusted

Climate adjusted

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

Agriculture and industry,total Agriculture andforestryHorticulture Manufacturing

Climate adjusted

0

25

50

75

100125150

1990 '95 '00 '05 '11

PJ

Total energy consumption

Electricity consumption

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1980 1990 2000 2011

Oil Natural gas


Electricity District heating


30/60


30

Energy intensities in agriculture and indus-try

Energy intensity has been calculated as climate-

adjusted energy consumption in relation to the

gross value added (GVA), measured at 2005 prices,

chained values.

Energy intensity in agriculture and industry dropped

by 19.6% from 1990 to 2011. Energy intensity

followed an upward trend up to 1993, after which a

drop occurred. In 2011 energ

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Energy Statistics 2011

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