Energy Storage for Wind Integration:
Innovative Possibilities
Shyam Ragupathy
Director, Customized Energy Solutions
Presented at
Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association , 27th April 2017
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3
India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA), launched in 2012…
• Objectives:
– To promote Energy Storage Solutions in India
– Assess the market potential of Energy Storage Solutions (ESS) in India
– Brainstorming with various key stakeholders, on policy matters
– Raise awareness about ESS in Indian industry, government and power sector
– To assist ESS technology, product, services and system integration companies to strategize and grow
Promote ESS in India
Assess ESS Market
PotentialPolicy
Advocacy
Awareness Initiatives
Business Growth
IESA
Objectives
… driven by its vision to make India a global hub for deployment and manufacturing of
Energy Storage & Microgrids
Role of Energy Storage in Smarter Grid
By supplying power when
and where needed, Energy
Storage will- Improve the reliability of
electricity supply
- Reduces variability and
uncertainty, increases
stability
- Better integration of
renewables into the system
- Increase the efficiency
(economic & utilization) of
existing generation &
transmission facilities
- Reduce the need for
additional transmission assets
- Be the preferred supplier of
ancillary services
Parameter Fuel Generation Transmission Distribution ServicesChallenges Volatility Low Utilization Congestion Disruptions Dirty powerESS Benefits Hedge risk Baseload arbitrage Higher utilization Stable power Quality Power
Renewables in India: Solar and Wind
• Currently installed total solar PV
generation capacity is 12.29GW,
with a capacity addition of 5.5GW in
FY16-17
• Most regions of India have an
abundance of source of solar
energy
• Target for 2022 is 100 GW which
implies almost 8X of the currently
installed capacity
Solar Generation
Capacity
• Currently installed total wind
generation capacity is 32.18GW,
with a capacity addition of 5.4GW in
FY16-17
• Western and southern regions of
India include 90% installed capacity
• Target for 2022 is 60 GW which
implies almost doubling of the
currently installed capacity
Wind Generation
Capacity
Challenges in renewables integration
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Source: Dr. Michael Milligan NREL / AWEA : Dr. Jay Apt, CMU
Variability and uncertainty due to RE integration, strains the grid and challenges system
control, making it difficult to forecast and schedule for dispatches
Impact of RE Integration into grid
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a) Risk of over generation and wastage of resources, due to high RE
uncertainty
b) The fluctuations of RE output affects transmission efficiency
c) High variability and uncertainty significantly complicates the demand-
supply balancing system and requires additional flexibility in power
systems
d) High uncertainty requires additional secondary and tertiary operating
reserves, increased ramping
e) High intermittency of renewable energy make it difficult to forecast
and schedule for dispatches.
f) Higher penetration (with rapid deployment) of RE resources may
ultimately result in unstable grid
These challenges presents a historic opportunity to modernize the grid to smooth short-
term variability and uncertainty with ESS, real time communication and control
automation in grid systems
Energy Storage for Wind SmoothingWind Farm Output With Firming
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2 Hour Event 2 Second Resolution
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Energy Storage is the solution for RE integration challenges, which absorbs excess RE
(ramp control), enables power producers provide the grid with consistent power and
respond immediately and precisely to changes in load.
RE Integration – Current Measures
ForecastingBalancing
MechanismsDemand Response
Strengthen Transmission
Regional Power Transactions
RE Integration – Energy Storage is the Way Ahead
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Energy Storage
Mechanical Storage
Pumped Storage Hydro (PSH)
Compressed Air
Energy Storage (CAES)
Flywheels
Electrical Storage
Super capacitors
Super conducting Magnetic
Energy Storage (SMES)
Chemical Storage
Fuel Cell
Electrochemical Storage
Lead Acid Batteries
Sodium Based
Batteries
Li-Ion Batteries
Flow Batteries
Zinc Based
Batteries
Mapping Storage Technologies
Choosing the right technology with right sizing for the right application is key
Energy Storage Landscape 2017
Technical Parameters: Comparison
Lead AcidAdvanced Lead Acid Li -Ion NaS Na-NiCl2 ZBB VRB
Efficiency 60-80% 80-90% 90-95% 70-80% 80-85% 60-70% 65-75%
C Rate Range Nominal C/10 C/4 C/4 C/6 C/6 C/8 C/8
Usable SOC 60% 80% 90% 80% 80% 100% 100%
Maint requirement (months) 3 to 6 3 to 6 12 12 12 12 12
Life Cycle Range Min 350 2500 2000 3000 3000 4000 5000
Life Cycle Range Max 1800 3000 4000 5000 4500 6000 8000
Maturity of Technology Very Mature Demo Projects Very Mature Mature Demo Projects
Demo Projects Mature
Initial Capital Cost ($/kWh) Min 150 300 350 750 750 800 700
Initial Capital Cost ($/kWh) Max 300 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 900
Operating Cost High Medium Low Low Low Medium Low
Space Required Large Large Small Moderate Moderate Moderate Large
Key Trends in Energy Storage
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Energy Storage Performance Matrix
ENERGY STORAGE performance metrics:
• Capital cost ($/kWh)
• Cycle life
• Roundtrip Energy Efficiency
• Space footprint
• C-rate (duration)
• Usable SOC range
Lead Acid batteries are work horse for the industrial and
residential backup and provide lower capital cost solutions. Li-Ion has emerged as the
technology of choice for short duration applications & Flow
batteries are vying for a position for longer duration applications.
Capacity in MWh
Category 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Total
Solar Rooftop 18 53 89 166 243 425 578 1,572
Diesel Replacement 7 33 76 262 544 1,121 1,429 3,471
Inverter backup 5,918 5,417 5,617 5,525 5,586 5,863 6,123 40,048
Telecom 2,063 2,183 2,196 2,427 2,394 2,581 2,545 16,387
Rural micro-grids 58 234 348 551 821 1,311 1,697 5,020
HVAC applications (Thermal Storage) 94 207 454 747 1,346 2,064 3,225 8,138
Solar Integration - 15 43 175 135 315 750 1,433
Wind Integration - - 9 71 116 318 545 1,059
Ancillary Services - 2 8 60 79 118 143 409
Electric Vehicles 1,434 2,104 2,788 3,151 4,044 5,443 7,863 26,829
Railways 538 560 589 619 650 679 713 4,347
Total 10,130 10,806 12,216 13,753 15,957 20,239 25,611 108,713
Energy Storage Potential by 2022
The ESS market potential between 2016-2022 would be around 57,000MW and 109,000MWh.
The ESS market for India in 2016 was around 5GW/10GWh.
ESS adoption will continue to be driven by need for reliable grid power, diesel replacement,
integration of storage with renewables in rooftop solar, grid level wind/solar and micro-grids
Market Activities in 2016-17
• MNRE and Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) propose to support demonstration projects for ESS to assess feasibility of ESS technologies for small scale and grid connected MW scale renewable energy applications. RfP for first demonstration project of wind, solar PV and storage was out in March 2016 and final bidder was shortlisted in Jan 2017.
SECI Hybrid demonstration project
• Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) had floated two tenders for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka Solar Parks. The six projects together will witness installation of 15MWh of energy storage. The individual project includes PV of 50MWp and battery of 2.5MWh/5MW.
SECI solar + storage tenders
• NLC India limited floated a project proposal for Andaman. The project is proposed to include a 20MW solar PV plant with 28MWh battery and a 7MW power conversion unit.
NLC Andamans project
• AES energy storage announced India’s 1st grid scale energy storage project in partnership with Mitsubishi Corporation, a 10MW Advancion energy storage array to be deployed at a facility operated by Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited.
AES grid scale project
Market Activities in 2016-17
• GIFT City has come up with RfP for consulting work of designing of ESS for their proposed load of 600 MVA. They require ESS for back-up power application, T&D deferral, peak charge management and load shifting.
GIFT City
• Over 80,000 towers installed with Li-ion battery by end of 2016.
• Lithium ion battery installation crossed 1000MWh in Telecom sector alone.
Telecom
• PGCIL had implemented three projects of 500 kW each for Li-ion, Advanced lead acid and flow battery in puducherry.
PGCIL
• NTPC’s R&D unit NETRA is conducting a pilot study on 1.2MWh NaS battery system in Andamans.
NTPC Netra
Limitation: Lack of Policy Framework
Existing Policy framework
• National Electric Mobility Mission (6-7 million of EV by 2022)
• Renewable energy targets (175GW)
• Universal Energy Access – Power for all homes by 2019
• National Smart Grid Mission – Quality power on demand for all by 2027• SECI’s solar + storage projects
• Net metering policy (14+ states)
Lack of Policy framework• National Energy Storage Mission
• ESS - Renewable integration policy (including RE shifting / firming / smoothing / forecasting & scheduling /
ramp rate control)
• Framework for ESS in Frequency regulation ancillary services market & grid services
• Attractive Intra state deviation penalty mechanism for renewables
• Comprehensive EV charging policy for charging stations, TOD tariff & V2G
• Policy for distributed ESS- RE & micro grids integration
• Framework for reuse , recycle & disposal of batteries including 2nd life usage
• ESS policy for transmission for congestion management, reliability, investment deferral
Vision for Energy Storage Manufacturing in India
India to become global
hub for ESS manufacturing
Invest into R&D, Validate
Technology
Accelerate Energy Storage
Start-up's
Global Collaboration
and tech licensing
Optimal Tax & Duties
structure
Framework for safe reuse and
disposal
Create a innovative
electric mobility market
Setup large giga factories
for ESS manufacturing
Reduce the greenhouse
gas emissions
Energy Storage has strategic
importance for India’s energy
security and clean energy future
Join IESA to learn more!
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Shyam RagupathyDirector, CES India
[email protected] India Cell: +91 9600008860
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