Rhode Island Convention Center • Providence, Rhode Island
Why Energy Storage is Needed with Renewable Generation
Session: Integrating Renewable Energy
Dr. Ken K. HoNAVFAC EXWCAugust 10, 2016
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
Energy Storage Applications
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– Energy Resiliency (DoD interest)• Battery Backup power• UPS with renewable• Micro-grids with integrated renewable generation
– Firming Renewable Energy Generation (utility interest)• Fast response needed for changes in wind and cloud cover• Long duration storage for periods of no sun or wind• Support aggressive Renewable Energy goals
– Hawaii 100% renewable by 2045– CA, 50% renewable by 2030– Navy: 50% from alternative sources by 2020
• Decreasing reliance on rotational generators (rotational inertia)– Demand Response Cost savings (financial interest)
• Cost savings from reduced demand charges• Credit for load reduction when called upon• New business model for ancillary services being developed
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade3
Application is Customer SpecificCyber securedReal time connection
Source: Rocky Mountain Inst
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade4
Service Value varies and can change
Source: Rocky Mountain Inst
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
Resiliency: Solar size for Islanded Operation
12am
− Simulation and weather data to help size PV
− Typical need is 5x peak load for 24hr operation
− Batteries still needed to buffer
10x Capacity
8x Capacity
6x Capacity
4x Capacity
2x Capacity
Solar Power vs. Electricity Demand
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
Resiliency: Battery Size for 1‐Day Outages
Daily Max
Daily MinDaily Mean
Daily Std Dev
Assumptions:− Location Boston, MA
− 2MW annual peak load
− 20MW solar capacity
− Yearly weather and demand fluctuates
Conclusion:− PV production lower in winter
− Average need 13MWh
− Size battery for max capacity needed 35MWh
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade7
Firming: Problem from high penetration RE
• Duck curve shows steep ramping needs• Over generation risks
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade8
Firming: Variability of Renewables
Wind Generation
PV Generation
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade9
Ancillary Services: Regulation
Source: Sandia
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
• Demand Charge Reduction
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Ancillary Services: Demand Reduction
Source: Rocky Mountain Inst
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade11
Cost Benefit Analysis
Source: EPRi
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade12
Implementation Challenges
Source: EPRI
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
• Reliability– Durable, long‐life components– Operable under wide range of conditions– Well‐defined failure characteristics and expected life
• Cost– Low materials and manufacturing costs– Low integration costs– Low recycling and disposal costs
• Efficiency– High coulombic efficiency with low polarization– Low self‐discharge losses– Minimal parasitic loads from cooling and other functions
• Control– Well‐defined use cases– Effective and well‐established control algorithms
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Key Performance Metrics for Storage Technologies
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
• EPRI Energy Storage Integration Council– Utility members and vendors collaborating to produce common
approaches, functional requirements, specifications, and test plans for utility applications
• SCAPES (Safe Common Afordable Power Energy Storage)– Navy syscom collaboration to develope commonality
• New storage legislation coming about – Japan, Germany, South Korea, California, New Jersey…– California has mandated 1.325 GW of utility energy storage by 2020
• storage costs are falling– Larger companies are entering the market– Large‐scale manufacturing plants built over last 2‐3 years
• research is promising for higher energy density
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TRENDS and Ongoing Efforts
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
NAVFAC EXWC Projects: Firming Wind Generation
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Application
• Eliminates need for load dump on SNI.• Increase life of diesel generators and reduces fuel consumption.• Leverages previous development funded by CEC
Benefits: allow for higher renewable penetration, and reduces fuel consumption and stress on diesel generators.
TEAM: EXWC, CEC, Transpower, EPC. FUNDING Source: NAVFAC NSETTI
Overview: 750kW /750kWhr of Li‐ion battery was funded by CEC. Navy Shore Energy Transition Technology Integration program to fund upgrades and construction installation cost for integration into the 750kW wind farm on SNI.
Highlights:• Undergoing NAVSEAInst 9310 safety certification• Li‐FePO4 prismatic• Active BMS• Uses modular COTS inverters for lower cost
development
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
EXWC Projects: Building level Micro‐grids
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DC Micro‐gridCreate a DC Microgrid with LED Lighting •Multi‐port converter enables simple, low cost, turnkey micro‐grid.• 30kW/30kWh Li‐ion, 15kW PV•DC micro‐grid with 380VDC bus•Demonstration Q1FY17
Funding: ONR ESTEP
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
Valuation and Financing Models
• JBPH needs base wide backup power• REPO exploring 100MW Peaker plant on JBPHH• EXWC studying how to value Energy security • Siting options for Peaker plant and LAES in progress• GOAL:
– Develop Tie LAES with peaker plant on JBPH– Work with REPO to finance Peaker plant + LAES for JBPHH– Modify eROI tool to include clear method for valuing energy security
TEAM: TBD
TEAM: EXWC, Pearl Harbor, REPO, CNIC
Liquid Air Energy StorageLarge scale mechanical energy storage using cryogenic liquid air, and turbo expanders for power generation.
• Engineering Design and Cost estimate in progress
• scalable, long life, independent of location, and safe
• 10MW/80MWh design and siting for JBPHH
• ~55% RTE, ~70% RTE with waste heat
TEAM: EXWC, Highview, GE Oil & Gas, JBPHH
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Waste Heat
LAES
EXWC Projects: Liquid Air Energy Storage