Energy(TKK-2129)

13/14 Spring Semester

Instructor: Rama OktavianEmail: rama.oktavian86@gmail.comOffice Hr.: M.13-15, Tu. 13-15, W. 13-15, Th. 13-15, F. 09-11

Outlines

1. Coal: Introduction

2. Coal power plant

3. Coal to chemical (CTC)

4. Recent status of coal technology

Coal (Intro)Coal is conventional fossil fuel

Formation of Coal

Coal deposits are formed from plant material that died and was deposited in aswampy environment - low in O2 Anaerobic bacteria convert the organic material until environment becomes too acidic and the bacterial die - decomposition stops when the plants have been converted to peat Peat becomes buried at bottom of swamp Peat is transformed at high pressure and low temperature (< 200 °C) over ~300 million years to coal

Coal (Intro)Coal is conventional fossil fuel

Formation of Coal

Coal (Intro)Coal Mining

Surface MiningStrip Mining

Underground Mining

Coal (Intro)Types of coal

Coal (Intro)Types of coal

Coal (Intro)Types of coal

Coal (Intro)Chemical composition of coal

Source: http://f03.classes.colgate.edu/fsem037-coal/Coal/Default/composition_of_coal.htm

Coal sourceEnergy sources in Indonesia

Coal

Coal sourceEnergy sources in Indonesia

Coal

Coal power plantProcess equipment

FeedwaterFeedwater used in a steam boiler to transfer heat energy

from the fuel burning area to mech. Energy of spinning steam turbine

BoilerRectangular furnace, pulverized coal is blown in from fuel

nozzles at 4 corners. The coal then burns quickly and forms a fireball at the center (seriously, a fireball!!!).

Coal power plantProcess equipment

Steam Turbine Generator Is a series of steam turbines interconnected to each other

and then a generator

Steam CondenserSteam enters from the turbine generator and is pumped

into the bottom of the condenser, where pumps recycle the condensed steam from the feedwater

StackReleases process emissions.

Coal power plantProcess diagram

Coal power plantPros

CheapCheaper per unit energy than oil or natural gasWill continue to be an important global resource

AbundanceCoal is the world’s most abundant fossil fuelSufficient reserves for the next 250 years

Coal power plantPros

EfficiencyLarger power plants are more efficient38% of the chemical energy is converted to energy

Safesafest fossil fuel to transport, store and use

Coal power plantCons

Environmental issuesCoal-Fired Power Plants are the largest contributor of

hazardous air pollutants.

o Sulfur dioxide (SO2)o Nitrogen Oxide (NOx)o Carbon Dioxide (CO2)o Mercury