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Energy, Work, Power Unit 6
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Page 1: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

Energy,  Work,  Power  

Unit  6  

Page 2: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

Videos  •  Brainiac  Pendulum  Demo:  h>p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbCLAZSPLNk  

•  Bill  Nye  Part  1:  •  h>p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTXW9aRO23Y  

•  Bill  Nye  Part  2:  •  h>p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vfcsq6ylRzg  •  Bill  Nye  Part  3:  h>p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkDG02nzfSk  

Page 3: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

Topics  

•  9  Different  forms  of  Energy  •  Law  of  Conserva[on  of  Energy  •  KE  and  GPE  •  Work  Done  and  Power  •  Efficiency  

Page 4: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

What  is  Energy?  

•  In  biology,  we  say  “the  sun  is  the  source  of  energy  for  all  life  on  Earth”  

•  What  does  this  statement  mean?  •  Where  does  the  Energy  in  the  sun  come  from??    

Page 5: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

Energy  

•  The  concept  of  energy  is  confusing  for  two  reasons:  

•  (i)  the  way  we  use  the  English  word  “energy”  may  not  be  the  same  way  to  use  the  word  in  Physics  

•  (ii)  even  when  we  use  the  word  in  Physics,  energy  can  take  many  different  forms    

Page 6: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

Energy  •  Defini[on:  Energy  is  the  capacity  to  do  work  •  Qn:  so….what  is  work?    •  Ans:  we  will  get  to  that  second  half  of  this  chapter  

•  Unit:  Joules  (J)  

Page 7: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

Forms  of  Energy  

•  There  are  9  forms  of  energy  which  are  in  your  syllabus:  

•  3  types  of  Poten&al  Energy  (Chemical,  Gravita[onal,  Elas[c)  

•  Kine&c  Energy  (i.e.  “movement  energy”)  •  Light,  Thermal,  Electrical,  Nuclear,  Sound  Energy    

Page 8: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

Poten[al  Energy  (PE)  •  Poten[al  Energy  is  some[mes  referred  to  as  “stored”  energy.  (note:  cannot  use  “stored  energy”  in  O  levels)  

•  Energy  which  is  doing  nothing  right  now,  but  is  able  to  do  work  later  

•  A  ba>ery  contains  chemical  PE  (you  will  learn  more  in  A  level  chemistry),  so  do  fossil  fuels  and  food  (e.g.  bio  SPA)  

•  A  stretched  rubber  band  contains  elas[c  PE  •  An  object  liied  up  contains  gravita[onal  PE  

Page 9: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

Principle  of  Conserva[on  of  Energy  (CoE)  

•  Energy  cannot  be  created  or  destroyed,  but  can  be  converted  from  one  form  to  another.    

•  The  total  energy  in  an  isolated  system  is  constant.  

Page 10: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

ENERGY  CONVERSION  WORKSHEET  

Page 11: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

KE  and  GPE  

•  You  are  required  to  be  familiar  with  these  two  equa[ons  of  KE  and  GPE:  •  Formula  for  GPE:  – GPE  =  mgh  

•  Formula  for  KE  – KE  =  ½  mv2  

•  Note:  units  of  KE  and  GPE  is  Joules  ONLY  IF,  all  other  units  are  S.I.  Units.  

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Example  •  A  ball  is  dropped  from  rest.  What  is  its  velocity  aier  it  has  fallen  5  m?  (assume  energy  loss  to  fric[on)  

•  GPE  → KE  •  mgh  =  ½  mv2  

•  m(10)(5)  =  ½  mv2  

•  v2  =  100  •  v  =  10  ms-­‐1  

Page 13: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

Prac[ce  Task  

•  Task  1:  GLM  Pg  126  Qn  1  •  Task  2:  GLM  Pg  128  Qn  9  •  Task  3:  GLM  Pg  128  Sec[on  B  Qn  1(a)-­‐(b)  

Page 14: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

Assignment  6A  

•  TYS  Topic  7    •  Paper  1  Qn  1,  3,  5,  10,  11,  14,  17  •  Paper  2  Qn  4  

Page 15: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

Work  Done  

•  When  a  force  pushes  an  object  and  the  object  moves  in  the  direc[on  of  the  force,  it  is  said  that  work  is  done  by  that  force.  

•  Work  done  has  units  of  Joules  (J),  same  as  energy  

•  Formula:    – Work  =  F  x  Distance  (same  direc&on  as  force)  

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Worked  Example  

•  If  a  force  of  3  N  pushes  an  object  for  a  distance  of  5  m  what  is  the  work  done  by  the  3  N  force?  

•  Ans:  Work  =  Fd  •  =  (3)(5)  =  15.0  J  (3  s.f.)  

3  N  

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Work  Done  

•  IMPORTANT:  When  the  direc[on  of  mo[on  is  NOT  in  the  direc[on  of  the  force,  no  work  is  done.    

•  E.g.  I  lii  carry  20  N  of  books  and  walk  10  m  forward.  

•  How  about  if  I  carry  20  N  of  books  and  I  climb  up  the  stairs  4m?  

•  How  about  if  I  climb  down  the  stairs?  

Page 18: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

Work  Done  

•  Some[mes,  it  is  difficult  to  calculate  work  done  directly,  but  you  can  calculate  it  indirectly  using  conserva[on  of  energy.  

Page 19: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

Worked  Example    •  If  the  mass  of  the  object  is  2  kg,  what  is  the  work  done  in  pushing  it  up  the  smooth  slope?  

5  m  

Page 20: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

Prac[ce  Task  

•  Task  1:  GLM  Pg  122  Qn  1(b)  •  Task  2:  GLM  Pg  127  Qn  7  •  Task  3:  GLM  Pg  129  Qn  2(a)  

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Power  

•  Units  for  Power:  Wa>s  (W)  •  There  are  two  (similar)    equa[ons  for  power  •  Power  =  Work  Done  /  Time  •  Power  =  Energy  Converted  /  Time  •  Note:  unit  of  [me  must  be  in  seconds  

Page 22: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

Prac[ce  Task  

•  Task  1:  GLM  Pg  125  Qn  1(b)  •  Task  2:  GLM  Pg  127  Qn  4  •  Task  3:  GLM  Pg  128  Qn  8  

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Efficiency  

•  Equa[on  for  Efficiency:  •  (Useful  Energy/Total  Energy)  x  100%  •  Note:  Efficiency  is  a  percentage,  so  the  answer  is  expected  to  be  between  0  to  100%  

Page 24: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

Prac[ce  Task  1  •  A  machine  uses  50  J  of  energy  per  second  but  only  produces  35  J  of  useful  energy  per  second.  What  is  the  machine’s  efficiency?  

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Prac[ce  Task  2  

•  A  crane  liis  up  a  mass  of  700  kg  up  a  distance  of  20  m.  If  the  energy  used  by  the  crane  is  200  kJ,  determine  the  efficiency  of  the  crane.  

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Summary  

•  9  types  of  Energy  •  Law  of  Conserva[on  of  Energy  •  Equa[ons  for  GPE  and  KE  •  Work  Done  •  Power  •  Efficiency  

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Quiz  

Page 28: Energy,Work,Power( - ppphs2014.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Topics • 9(Differentforms(of(Energy(• Law(of(Conservaon(of(Energy(• KE(and(GPE(• Work(Done(and(Power(• Efficiency

Assignment  6B  

•  TYS  Topic  7  •  Paper  1  Qn  1,  2,  4,  6,  7,  9,  13,  18  •  Paper  2  Qn  3,  7  

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