Eng1 Presentation

7/26/2019 Eng1 Presentation

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3:Ms. Blake,'let me intro'duce Mr. Jones. ||

'may I intro'duce Mr. Jones. ||

45. 6l+7!:'How do you do? ||

4&. 8'$!5:'How do you do? || 'Pleased to meet you.

OROR

3:'Let me intro duce myself. || I am 'John hom!son. ||

6:'How do you do? || I am '"ate Martin. ||

3:'How do you do?


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3: Jane, 'meet 'anya #mith. ||

6: He llo, anya. || '$ice%'!leased to meet

you.#$;'&2+l#$;'&2+l

3: Hi, I am Jack. ||6: Hi, I am #asha.


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&. 3:'How are you? ||

6:I am fine, thank you. || nd you?

(.3: 'How are thin)s?

6: '*ine, thanks. || '+hat aout you?

3: *ine.%'$ot too ad.


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pleaseplease,, thank youthank you, !%)., !%).

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0our answer/ 0es,!lease. Or hank you.

'$o, thank you.

Si%(+%i'$ 9.-t the tale, etc/ 0ou are asked to !ass somethin).

0our answer/ Here you are. -merican / here youare.

Si%(+%i'$


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6ood mornin)% Mornin). 6ood 'after noon.6ood e3enin)%73enin). 6ood8 ye.

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He llo, Jack%e3eryody. 6ood ni)ht.6ood luck. 'Ha3e a nice%)ood day -e3enin), week8end, tri!,

etc.

#$;'&2+l:#$;'&2+l:

Hi, Jane9 #ee you -later. 'ake care. Bye 8 ye. Bye.


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The Basics

A=@; @B%A8>A=@; @B%A8> II readreada booka bookyesterday.yesterday.

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II was readingwas reading

a book whena book whenyou called.you called.

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I realized II realized I

had readhad readthethe

book before.book before.

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II had beenhad been

readingreadingthethe

book for twobook for two

days when hedays when he

asked me toasked me toreturn it.return it.

N c@ACDG> GA, @FCG>FA F=FQ


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S. Maughams first novel

appearedappearedin 189.

She workedworkedfor the

com!any for twenty years.

In the late 19thcentury"

#reat $ritain hadhada lot of

colonies.

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&e travelledtravelledto 'aris

twelve times a year.


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S(**!5%i$*, L!C(!5%i$*, #$5%&()%i$*.S(**!5%i$*, L!C(!5%i$*, #$5%&()%i$*.

I 'wonder if it is '!ossile to use your la!to!?

Wouldyou 'mind if I 'used your !hone?

4o you 'think I could 'use your dictionary?_

4o you 'mind if I 'use your !hone?Vould you hel! us?

I 'don5t su!'!ose you5ll e 'ale to hel! us? %

I su! '!ose you 'won5t e 'ale to hel! us?

'+ill you 'wait for him in the loy?

'+hy don5t you 'wait for him in the loy?

'Is it all 'ri)ht if I 'use your dictionary?

Van I 'use your !hone?

*ormal

$eutral

Informal


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3: Van you )i3e me his address?

6: Vertainly9% [f course I can.

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3: Is &` 4ownin) #treet the Prime Minister5s address?6: It certainly is. NOT:[f course, it is.

OROR

3:4o you s!eak 6erman?

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3: Van you )i3e me his address?

6: Vertainly9% [f course I can.

Si%(+%i'$ 9.

3: Is &` 4ownin) #treet the Prime Minister5s address?

6: It certainly is. NOT:[f course, it is.

OROR

3:4o you s!eak 6erman?

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do you think

do you thinkdo you think

73"#

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C(!5%i'$5.C(!5%i'$5.". '4on5t you 'like the concert?

'@!5, I do.- , A=>Q

'', I don5t. -, A< A=>Q

9. 0ou 'didn5t know the man, did you?

'@!5, I did. - , KA>

'', I didn5t. -, A< KA>


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re you ')oin) to the !arty tomorrow?

-im!lyin) that a decision would e welcome

+ill you 'take '!art in S.? -reZuestin)%insistin)+ill you e at the !arty tomorrow?

+ill I 'see you at the !arty tomorrow?


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>!*!5are used to !rotect the s!eaker from the risk of

seemin) to e wron),im!olite, etc. hey can also act as

fillers. aG! 2'5% )'22'$ G!*!5 +&!:aG! 2'5% )'22'$ G!*!5 +&!:

6enerally s!eakin),If I may say so,

Personally

Vorrect me if I am wron), S.

o e honest#orry to interru!t ut S.

I think% I )uess% I elie3e% I feel.

If you know what I mean.

!.*.3/ S%&i)%lD 5!+7i$*,I ha3en5t )ot much eT!erience of learnin) a forei)n

lan)ua)e ut # %Gi$7that attendin) a summer lan)ua)e school will do you a

world of )ood. In an 7n)lish8s!eakin) en3ironment, your 7n)lish will

definitely im!ro3e.

6/ J'&&!)% 2! i; # +2 ?&'$*, ut you did )o to a summer school in

Bri)hton last year ut it wasn5t much hel!. +as it?

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". # +2 )'$'fi$)! %G+%'fast 'food '!oses a 'dan)er to'human health.

9. # ';i&2lDE!'li!f! %G+%we are 'not a lone in this3ast uni3erse ...


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I am 'sorry to 'ha3e to say this, ut S

I53e ')ot a 'it of a !rolem here, youseeS

Look, I am 'sorry to troule you, ut S

I 'wonder if you could hel! me[-e.).,there are no towels in my room

I 'don't 'want to 'make it of ficial, ut...I 'don't 'want to 'take it any further%to of

ficial channels, utS.

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I am -'e3er so sorry.

I am -'most 'awfully

sorry.

I 'can5t 'say howsorry I am.

I Uust 'don5t 'know'what to say. I5m 'so

sorry.

[h, 'that5s al ri)ht,'don5t worry.

[h, 'that5s al ri)ht,

these 'thin)s ha!!en.

[h, 'ne3er mind,it'really 'doesn5t matter.

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'[h, no9 'How awful9

'+hat a !ity9 'How terrile9

'+hat a shame9 hat 'must ha3e een awful9

'Poor you9 I am 'really 'sorry to hear that.!.*.

#./ I ha3e 'failed in Maths. B/ '+hat a !ity9% '[h, no9

##./ heir 'air!lane 'crashed when landin).

B/ [h, 'how terrile% awful.

alkin) of


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=5!;(l G&+5!5=5!;(l G&+5!5!.*.3/ I 'watched a rather 'interestin) !ro)ramme on the

other day. hey 'talked aout the dec'linin)irth rateS

6/ 'alkin) of , I 'ou)ht a 'new flat8'screen

' yesterday.

J: [h, it 'must ha3e 'cost you a fortune9

6:'$ot really, 'thou)h it was Zuite eT!ensi3e.

/ [h, 'that re minds me. 'hat restaurant'John 'chose for his weddin) celeration.hat5s what I

call eT

!ensi3e.

alkin) ofS

hat reminds meS

[h, efore I for)etS

By the wayS.

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7T'cuse me for inter

ru!tin), ut S

'Van I addsomethin)?

'Vould I Uust 'come inhere?

'Vould I asksomethin)?

#orry ut S.

'ny wayS

In any caseS

o ')et 'ack to 'what Iwas sayin)S

'+here was I?

o re 'turn toS6oin) 'ack to what Iwas sayin)S


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3: Vom'!uters are 'turnin) us into addicts.

6: '+hat%'How do you mean?

3/ '+hat I mean%am 'tryin) to say is that 'many '!eo!le'stay ')lued to their P Vs in'stead of ')oin) 'out with

friendsS.


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!.*.

&. I adore Mariah Varey9 I hate how she dresses sometimes, thou)h.

But I ha3e een a fan of hers since I was little9

(. I am well into salsa this year.

b. 7lton John really really hates !hoto)ra!hers.

. $ow I'd !refer ]ichard 6ere to Harrison *ord.

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&. #he Wnna $etrekoY is fantastic. Hereautiful so!rano 3oice is a Uoy to listen to.

(. Johnny 4e!! is y far the est actor e3er.He !lays so many different characters ...

He, #he, hey, It Z is%are%was%werereally -really, really )ood

)reat%amagin)%fantastic%su!erZ

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At eleven o&'lo'k( Iwas workingin thegarden.

When I left 'hool()

they weretillarguingabout"hether they houldallo" 'al'ulator ine$am.

_ he !articular time or !eriod of time in the !ast when a

certain action was in !ro)ress can e indicated in the

sentence with the hel! of another action eT!ressed in %G!

-+5% Si2l!.

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4escries the earlier action.

When "e rea'hedthe air#ort(the #lane had taken off%

-he !lane took off efore our

arri3al.

4escries !ast e3ents in theorder they ha!!ened.

When "e reached the air#ort(the #lane took off.

-he !lane took offimmediately after we reachedthe air!ort.

#$ %i2!)l+(5!5 +;%!&when* after*as soon as

#hows that the second actiontook !lace only after the firstone was com!leted.

After he had giventhe #oli'ehi name and addre( he"a allo"ed to go.

4escries !ast e3ents in theorder they ha!!ened.

*oon after hereturnedto+a#an( he began to "rite amathemati'al te$tbook foradvan'ed learner.

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aG! -+5% -!&;!)%J'$%i$('(5shows thatthe action had een )oin)

on for some time efore a!articular !ast moment.

aG! -+5% J'$%i$('(5em!hasiges that theaction was in !ro)ress at

that !ast moment.

,i hoe "ere full of

mud. It "a 'learthat he had been diggingin the garden.

*he 'ouldn&t an"er the

#hone be'aue he wasdiggingin the garden.

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Revolution i as old ashumanity.

,e i not so tall ashi brother.

J'2+&+%if!J'2+&+%if! !&U2'&! [%G+$

l!55 [ %G+$

-heir old #la'e "asmaller thanmy flat.

uine i more exciting thanany game.

-/ advertiing iless effective thanit "at"o year ago.

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0o'ating #e'ifi' information i the easiestofall the reading trategie.

1anterbury i one of the mostattractiveto"n in2reat ritain.

What i the least popular#o# grou#?

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5'2!%Gi$* i5 li7!/+)%if! 2!+$i$*0

!5)&iE!5 G'?5'2!'$! ;!!l5

/+55if! 2!+$i$*0

0ily& do'tor ha 3ut

given her omefrighteningne". 45 thene" frightened her6

-he frightened 'hildren

"ere ilent and #ale. 45the 'hildren "erefrightened6

Sli R\Sli R\ 4 i;i i%G4 i;i i%G


59/150

Sli! R\.Sli! R\. 4'i;i!&5 (5! ?i%G4'i;i!&5 (5! ?i%G

)'2+&+%if!5.)'2+&+%if!5.

S%Dl!S%Dl! 4'i;i!&54'i;i!&5 MW+2l!5MW+2l!5 L(55i+$L(55i+$

!(%&+l!(%&+l much % far

a little

much%farmoresuccessful

a little moresuccessful

A>AFCF

DQ


60/150

Sli! R].Sli! R]. ^3@S aK S-M3b 36K=a^3@S aK S-M3b 36K=a

a>M -a>M -LMSMa.LMSMa.The Basics

--LMSMaLMSMaS#4-eMS#4-eM

She always(usually(She always(usually(

sometimessometimes doesdoesthethe

dishes after dinner.dishes after dinner.

7'(C3ZC-'(@'$,7)(),70 3(!

OQ Z

PMF

LMFN Z &MF

-LMSMa-LMSMaJKa#=K=SJKa#=K=S

SheShe is doingis doingthe dishes atthe dishes atthe moment.the moment.

7Z7'$,7)()!

`LMFN N QVNF

-LMSMa-LMSMa-ML1MJa-ML1MJa

SheShe hashasalready()ustalready()ust

donedonethe dishes.the dishes.

)8C*0/+Z* '(,7)()!

`LMFN N PQOR

cF NQR

EVd

-LMSMa-LMSMa-ML1MJa-ML1MJa

JKa#=K=SJKa#=K=S

SheShe has been washinghas been washing

the dishes for fifteenthe dishes for fifteen

minutes( since * oclock.minutes( since * oclock.

'$,7)(),4*(.*/-)*C7 ()\Z7!

`LMFN

PQObNM N

F EFQ

NQR RRF

Q


61/150

Sli!Sli! R_R_.. -LMSMa S#4-eM.-LMSMa S#4-eM.

eNFQfgMZeNFQfgMZ

QOQQOQ

LMFNLMFN

)) 5 +8( 5 +8()*!)*!

-- $*$* *0-] 5 *0-] 5'(!'(!

-+'( 4 -+'( 4 $$#+,$#+,$!!

I swi-in the lake every

morning.

%heygoto Italy once a

year.

&e never listensto what I

say.

eMFeMF

LMFNZLMFNZ

MMFMMF

3* - 3* -."$."$

+!+!

$""$""\(-*/\(-*/,,'5- 7)33*)'5- 7)33*)

My brother &enry livesin

+ork.

&e hates sho!!ing on a

Saturday.


62/150

Sli! T`.Sli! T`. -LMSMa JKa#=K=S.-LMSMa JKa#=K=S.

`LMFN N`LMFN NQVNF N RRFQVNF N RRF

QQ

5][ Z *%/",0

2 D;A^H _A;> >N@HI;F are speaking@`;FH!

`LMFN N`LMFN N

QVNF NQVNF NMFgL PQMFgL PQ

NQRNQR

a* *$$,b-'*c

dN@H are I;Fdoing ?Ad@


63/150

-LMSMa -ML1MJa-LMSMa -ML1MJa f5 -3Saf5 -3Sa

S#4-eM.S#4-eM.

-&!5!$% -!&;!)%-&!5!$% -!&;!)% -+5% Si2l!-+5% Si2l!

eB


64/150

-LMSMa -ML1MJa-LMSMa -ML1MJa f5 -f5 -LMSMaLMSMa

S#4-eM.S#4-eM.

aG! -&!5!$% -!&;!)%aG! -&!5!$% -!&;!)%is used to sayhow lon) the situation has continued u!

to now.aG! -&!5!$% Si2l!aG! -&!5!$% Si2l!is ne3er used inthis meanin).

!.*.I havealways liked 7n)lish!eo!le.

6=a:6=a:I like7n)lish !eo!le.

Sli! T


65/150

Sli! T


66/150

-LMSMa -ML1MJa JKa#=K=S-LMSMa -ML1MJa JKa#=K=S

f5 -f5 -LMSMLMSMaa -ML1MJa.-ML1MJa.-&!5!$% -!&;!)% J'$%i$('(5-&!5!$% -!&;!)% J'$%i$('(5 -&!5!$% -!&;!)%-&!5!$% -!&;!)%

J>G>I; =G;BiB;^

2jve been wat&hing@ G;H ;E


67/150

Sli! TR.Sli! TR.A lot of . many . muchA lot of . many . much..

J'($%+El!5J'($%+El!5 =$)'($%+El!5=$)'($%+El!5 MW+2l!5MW+2l!5

Aos+7+!"Aos+7+!" a lot 3of4( lotsof"

a great numberof" a greatmany" !lenty of

a lot of(lots of"

a great deal of"!lenty of

%here were a lot ofcars at thefarm.

&es read a great nu-ber of!ress re!orts.

5ids today are under a great dealofstress.

I"?a7+!"I"?a7+!" many much %here were not -anyvisitors inthe office.

&e doesnt have -u&htime to

rest.

B/7"((o?a7+!"B/7"((o?a7+!" many much 6o you know -any!eo!le youcan actually rely on/

6id he do -u&h research for thecommentaries/


68/150

Sli! TT.Sli! TT.A few/fewA few/few+$+$ a little/littlea little/little..*"a/+/?*"a/+/? -os+7+!"OB@A?AQp q


69/150

Sli! T\.Sli! T\. J'2+&i5'$ '; C(+$%i;i!&5.J'2+&i5'$ '; C(+$%i;i!&5.

'5i%if!'5i%if! )'2+&+%if!)'2+&+%if! 5(!&l+%if!5(!&l+%if!

)'($%+El!5)'($%+El!5 -anymany books

few

few books

-ore

more books

fewer

fewer books

the -ost

the most books

the fewest

the fewest book

($)'($%+El!5($)'($%+El!5 -u&hmuch time

little

little time

-ore

more time

less

less time

the -ost

the most time

the least

the least time

'%!: In modern 7n)lish, there is a tendency to use less and the leastwith!lural countale nouns oth in s!oken and written conteTts.

-he lo'al feel there are less chancesof trouble "ith 7r. R. headingthe #oli'e.

-he film I liked bet had the least chancesof "inning the A'ademyA"ard.

Sli! T]Sli! T] 4'i;i!&5 (5! ?i%G %G!4'i;i!&5 (5! ?i%G %G!


70/150

Sli! T].Sli! T]. 4'i;i!&5 (5! ?i%G %G!4'i;i!&5 (5! ?i%G %G!

)'2+&+%if!5 '; C(+$%i;i!&5.)'2+&+%if!5 '; C(+$%i;i!&5.

*o0+)+"(s*o0+)+"(s &o*-a(a7+!"s&o*-a(a7+!"s "ja*-,"s"ja*-,"s

&o$/7a,"s&o$/7a,"s many(far(a lot

far(a lot

*o("

)"'"(e need -any3far3a lotmore

!eo!le to hel! us.

4ar3a lot fewer articles inmagazines are written by

women than men.

$/&o$/7a,"s$/&o$/7a,"s much(far(a lot

much(far(a lot

*o("

,"ssI have -u&h3far3a lot moree7!erience now.

&es s!ending -u&h3far3a lot

less time with his family.

'%! that farand a lotcan e used with the com!arati3es ofZuantifiers of oth countale and uncountale nouns.

Sli! T_Sli! T_ 1=a=LM S#4-eM f5 6M1=a=LM S#4-eM f5 6M


71/150

Sli! T_.Sli! T_. 1=a=LM S#4-eM f5 6M1=a=LM S#4-eM f5 6M

K# aKK# aK..

2o(* 2$7$(" @+*-,"2$7$(" @+*-," 9" ?o+/? 7o9" ?o+/? 7o

:s" LPBD?=H?;A< `@


72/150

,

1=a=LM -ML1MJa,1=a=LM -ML1MJa,

1=a=LM -ML1MJa JKa#=K=S.1=a=LM -ML1MJa JKa#=K=S.

2$7$(" Go/7+/$o$s2$7$(" Go/7+/$o$s 2$7$(" A"()"&72$7$(" A"()"&7 2$7$(" A"()"&7 Go/7+/$o$s2$7$(" A"()"&7 Go/7+/$o$s

eB?GG `B=;OMGBHBD `I @ M@PH?=FG@P

H?OB ?A HNB EFHFPB!$y the time we come tothe office" they will haveleft.K! eB


73/150

Sli! \".Sli! \". 1=a=LM S#4-eM,1=a=LM S#4-eM,

6M K# aK, -LMSMa JKa#=K=S.6M K# aK, -LMSMa JKa#=K=S.

2$7$(" @+*-,"2$7$(" @+*-," 9" ?o+/? 7o9" ?o+/? 7o A("s"/7 Go/7+/$o$sA("s"/7 Go/7+/$o$s

eB


74/150

Sli! \9.Sli! \9. -LMSMa S#4-eM, -LMSMa-LMSMa S#4-eM, -LMSMa

JKa#=K=S, 1=a=LM JKa#=K=S.JKa#=K=S, 1=a=LM JKa#=K=S.

A("s"/7 @+*-,"A("s"/7 @+*-," A("s"/7 Go/7+/$o$sA("s"/7 Go/7+/$o$s 2$7$(" Go/7+/$o$s2$7$(" Go/7+/$o$seB?GG N@MMBA @==;PD?AQ H; HNBH?OBH@`GB ;P MG@A! kmN?AQN?=N DB


83/150

Sli! ]".Sli! ]". -+55if! f!&E ;'&25-+55if! f!&E ;'&25..

he Internet

his matter

He

he information

?+5 l+($)G!

#5 E!i$* i5)(55!

G+5 E!!$ )+ll!

?ill E! (Eli5G!

in &qq.

ri)ht now in the ##enate.

a orn !olitician.

in the scientific

literature.

6M-in the necessary tense formZ KM

'%!5: ". aG! -+55if!can e used with 2'+l f!&E5 -modal > be > done

e.g. -he "ork can be divided into a fe" tage. =eo#le& 'ultural beliefshould be respected. 9. 1(%(&! J'$%i$('(5 -+55if!5 -"ill be being done6 and -!&;!)%

J'$%i$('(5 -+55if!5-hahad beenbeing done are ($(5(+land should e+f'i!.

Sli! ]9.Sli! ]9. -+55if!5.-+55if!5.aG i l - i i l E


84/150

aG! +&%i)(l+&5:aG! +&%i)(l+&5: -&!'5i%i'$+l f!&E5-&!'5i%i'$+l f!&E5

i$ %G! -+55if!.i$ %G! -+55if!.

@==F?HND?


85/150

)+$ E! (5! i$ %?' +55if!)+$ E! (5! i$ %?' +55if!

5%&()%(&!55%&()%(&!5..

@


86/150

)+$ E! (5! i$ '$! +55if!)+$ E! (5! i$ '$! +55if!

5%&()%(&!5%&()%(&!..@AA;FA=B DBJ;HB DB


87/150

aG! -+&%i)(l+&5 /#0.aG! -+&%i)(l+&5 /#0.

a>MZ38MJa#XMa>MZ38MJa#XM..

dB F?HN @DnB=H?JB< k>?HN;FH @A;FAl >NBA >B H@G_ @`;FH QP;FM< ;E MB;MGB HNB@I >B H@G_ @`;FH


88/150

Sli! ]T.Sli! ]T. J'22'$ f!&E5 (5! %'J'22'$ f!&E5 (5! %'

i$%&'()! L!'&%! S!!)Gi$%&'()! L!'&%! S!!)G..

@7a7"*"/7s@7a7"*"/7s say" tell" e7!lain" add"continue" answer" re!ly"admit" com!lain" mention"remark" warn" state" stress

H; PBM;PH ?DB@


89/150

Sli! ]\.Sli! ]\. LM-KLaM Sa3aM4MaS.LM-KLaM Sa3aM4MaS.

i&!)% S!!)Gi&!)% S!!)G L!'&%! S!!)GL!'&%! S!!)G

1. ?lothes are i-portant to me":said Ma7.

*. She said" I- dating,ames now.:

H. %he minister said" I haverecentlyraised the Auestion with the

government.:

C. Mary said" I didn5t sleep at alllast night.:


90/150

Sli! ]].Sli! ]]. LM-KLaM V=MSa#KS.LM-KLaM V=MSa#KS.

D+("&7 @-""&3D+("&7 @-""&3 J"-o(7"0 @-""&3J"-o(7"0 @-""&3["/"(a, c#"sZ/odp$"s7+o/s

6o you have anyAuestions"comments" or

suggestions/:asked thechairman.

%he chairman askedif we had anyAuestions" comments"

or suggestions.

@-"&+a, p$"s7+o/s hy did Ma7wear this strangeoutfit /: sheasked.

She wanted to knowwhyMa7 had wornthat strange outfit.

Sli! ]_.Sli! ]_. LM-KLaM JK443SLM-KLaM JK443S


91/150

Sli! ]_. LM-KLaM JK443S

3 LMV=MSaS.3 LMV=MSaS.

D+("&7 @-""&3D+("&7 @-""&3 J"-o(7"0 @-""&3J"-o(7"0 @-""&3Go**a/0s 'lay Auietly": she said

to the children.

6ont ask anyAuestions": said the man.

She told the childrento playAuietly.

%he man forbade meto askany Auestions.

J"p$"s7s 'lease wait outside":the secretary said to me.

'lease dont mentionthis to anyone": said

Mary.

%he secretary askedme to waitoutside.

Mary begged me notto -entionthat toanyone.

Sli! _`.Sli! _`. LM-KLaM S-MMJ>.LM-KLaM S-MMJ>.


92/150

S ! _` K S J

aG! -+&%i)(l+&5. -+%%!&$ ".aG! -+&%i)(l+&5. -+%%!&$ ".

i"( k &,a$s"i"( k &,a$s" @DO?H[ @QPBB[@AA;FA=B[ `BG?BJB[

`;@


93/150

aG! -+&%i)(l+&5. -+%%!&$ 9.aG! -+&%i)(l+&5. -+%%!&$ 9.

i"( k om"&7i"( k om"&7

k &,a$s"k &,a$s"

@


94/150

aG! -+&%i)(l+&5. -+%%!&$


95/150

aG! -+&%i)(l+&5. -+%%!&$ N.aG! -+&%i)(l+&5. -+%%!&$ N.

i"( k om"&7i"( k om"&7k +/)+/+7+!"k +/)+/+7+!"

@DJ?[ @


96/150

aG! -+&%i)(l+&5. -+%%!&$ R.aG! -+&%i)(l+&5. -+%%!&$ R.

i"( k h+/?i"( k h+/?)o(*)o(*

@DO?H[ @M;G;Q?


97/150

aG! -+&%i)(l+&5. -+%%!&$ T.aG! -+&%i)(l+&5. -+%%!&$ T.

i"( k om"&7i"( k om"&7

k -("-os+7+o/k -("-os+7+o/

k +/?h)o(*k +/?h)o(*

@==F


98/150

1'&25.1'&25.

3)%if!3)%if! -+55if!-+55if!

Si2l!Si2l! o do o e done

-!&;!)%-!&;!)% o ha3e done o ha3e eendone

J'$%i$('(5J'$%i$('(5 o e doin) pppppppppppp

-!&;!)%-!&;!)%J'$%i$('(5J'$%i$('(5

o ha3e eendoin)

pppppppppppp

Sli! _\.Sli! _\. J'22'$ S%&()%(&!5 ?i%GJ'22'$ S%&()%(&!5 ?i%G


99/150

%G! #$;i$i%if!%G! #$;i$i%if!..

3attern !: ,nfinitive phrase after the ad4ectives expressing3attern !: ,nfinitive phrase after the ad4ectives expressingsomeone1s feelings%someone1s feelings%

delighted happydelighted happy proudproud

fortunatefortunate 5un6lucky 5un6lucky sorrysorry

gladglad 5dis6pleased surprised* etc% 5dis6pleased surprised* etc%7ou can use a to+infinitive if the sub4ect is7ou can use a to+infinitive if the sub4ect is the samethe samein both clauses%in both clauses%

,f the sub4ects are,f the sub4ects are differentdifferent* you must use a that+clause%* you must use a that+clause%

To+infinitive:To+infinitive:8e is glad to have been invited to the party%8e is glad to have been invited to the party%

99;?@;?@ B@B@C;DB;DHI%C;DB;DHI%

That+clause:That+clause: 8e is glad that his8e is glad that his girlfriendgirlfriendwas invited to the party%was invited to the party%

99;?@ B@;?@ B@ =GIJHI=GIJHIC;DB;DHI%C;DB;DHI%

Note: The most common infinitives used in this pattern are: find* learn*Note: The most common infinitives used in this pattern are: find* learn*hear* see* say* tell* inform%hear* see* say* tell* inform%

e%g% , was pleased to hear/see/learn that ,1d passed my exam%e%g% , was pleased to hear/see/learn that ,1d passed my exam%

Sli! _].Sli! _]. J'22'$ S%&()%(&!5 ?i%GJ'22'$ S%&()%(&!5 ?i%G


100/150

%G! #$;i$i%if!%G! #$;i$i%if!..

3attern ": 1Of+phrase1 with the ,nfinitive expressing praise or criticism%3attern ": 1Of+phrase1 with the ,nfinitive expressing praise or criticism%

7ou use the structure 1of someone K to+infinitive1 after the7ou use the structure 1of someone K to+infinitive1 after the

following ad4ectives:following ad4ectives:

clever /sensible kindclever /sensible kind silly/stupidsilly/stupid

goodgood nice nice typical/characteristictypical/characteristicgenerousgenerous 5im6polite wrong/bad* etc% 5im6polite wrong/bad* etc%

e%g% ,t)s very kind of you to help us%e%g% ,t)s very kind of you to help us% 9>L MD@ F GL MD@ F GL L @6 @C


101/150

%G! #$;i$i%if!%G! #$;i$i%if!..

3attern #: ,nfinitive used after ad4ectives describing personal3attern #: ,nfinitive used after ad4ectives describing personalopinions%opinions%

'hen you want to express an opinion about someone or'hen you want to express an opinion about someone or

something* you often use an ad4ective followed by 1to1+something* you often use an ad4ective followed by 1to1+infivitive%infivitive%

easyeasy hardhard 5un6pleasant5un6pleasant

difficultdifficult interestinginteresting 5un6safe * etc%5un6safe * etc%

dangerousdangerous 5im6possible5im6possiblee%g% The problem ise%g% The problem is hard to solvehard to solve%%

he washe was interesting to talkinteresting to talkto%to%

Note: ,n this function you always use the Active ,nfinitive% 5to solve*Note: ,n this function you always use the Active ,nfinitive% 5to solve*to talk* etc% NOT Uto be talked* to be solved* etc%)6to talk* etc% NOT Uto be talked* to be solved* etc%)6

I9

Sli! "``.Sli! "``. J'22'$ S%&()%(&!5 ?i%GJ'22'$ S%&()%(&!5 ?i%G


102/150

%G! #$;i$i%if!%G! #$;i$i%if!..

3attern V: ,nfinitive used to express purpose%3attern V: ,nfinitive used to express purpose%

aG! i$;i$i%if! i$ %Gi5 ;($)%i'$ i5 +l?+D5 (5! ?i%G %'.aG! i$;i$i%if! i$ %Gi5 ;($)%i'$ i5 +l?+D5 (5! ?i%G %'.

e.g. e must make every efforte.g. e must make every effort to findto finda di!lomatic solution to thea di!lomatic solution to thecrisis.crisis.

:o keep:o keepwarm at night" you should buy an electric blanket.warm at night" you should buy an electric blanket. #$ + 2'&! ;'&2+l 5%Dl! D'( )+$ (5! gi$ '&!& %'g '& g5' +5 %'g#$ + 2'&! ;'&2+l 5%Dl! D'( )+$ (5! gi$ '&!& %'g '& g5' +5 %'g

e.g. She started to crye.g. She started to cry in order to arousein order to arouse!ity from her !arents.!ity from her !arents.

e are doing a researche are doing a research so as to keep upso as to keep up with the market needswith the market needs..

#$ $!*+%if! 5!$%!$)!5, g5' +5 $'% %'g i5 (5(+llD (5!. /Ka#$ $!*+%if! 5!$%!$)!5, g5' +5 $'% %'g i5 (5(+llD (5!. /Kag$'% %'g +l'$!0g$'% %'g +l'$!0

e.g. e left earlye.g. e left early so as not to beso as not to be late.late.

Sli! "`".Sli! "`". J'22'$ S%&()%(&!5 ?i%GJ'22'$ S%&()%(&!5 ?i%G


103/150

Sli! "`". J'22'$ S%&()%(&!5 ?i%G

%G! #$;i$i%if!%G! #$;i$i%if!..

3attern W: ,nfinitive used to express result%3attern W: ,nfinitive used to express result%

uDnB=H?JBC@DJBP` ~ enough~ ?AE?A?H?JB too~ @DnB=H?JBC@DJBP` ~ ?AE?A?H?JB

Shes old enough to dosome work.

7;

&e was driving slowly enough to en


104/150

Sli! "`9. JK4-eMt K68MJa.Sli! "`9. JK4-eMt K68MJa.

1] i"( k /o$/Z-(o/o$/ k +/)+/+7+!" k>?HN tol

0ou can use this 3er !attern after some 3ers of wantin)

and likin)/ ?+$%, ?i5G, !W!)%, /?'(l0 li7!, /?'(l0

l'f!, /?'(l0 &!;!&, /?'(l0 G+%!.

I'd like D'( %' )'2!

E+)7 soon.

He didn5t want Gi5

5'$ %' 5%(D

aroad.4id you eT!ect %Gi5

%' G+!$A

I would hate +$D'$!

%' %Gi$7I'm a liar.

@ B CDEG( HEDB EB

DJDL MLGJP.

Q CDEG( HEDB D

JB HSGJP TU LUSV.

XB DYSZUGS( HED [ED

LDSTDZ\E?

] B YUJD

DLUMSGDJ^( JGS B ED_

SZ^ JHSEUG `P

Sli! "`< JK4-eMt K68MJaSli! "`< JK4-eMt K68MJa


105/150

Sli! "`

NOPQR" T(UVW WXT ('([W\^P^ O ."Q_ N `^QV.

l] A"(&"-7+o/ !"( k /o$/Z-(o/o$/ k

+/)+/+7+!"k>?HN;FH tolC ?ing for-mNB JBP`< ;E MBP=BMH?;As"" 3"a( 'a7&3 /o7+&" )"", os"(!"=@A `B E;GG;>BDB?HNBP `I @A ?AE?A?H?JB >?HN;FH jtoj ;P MPB


106/150

Sli! "`N. JK4-eMt K68MJa.Sli! "`N. JK4-eMt K68MJa.

mNB JBP`< ;E MBP=BMH?;A s"" 3"a( os"(!"@PB ;EHBA F


107/150

Sli! "`R. JK4-eMt K68MJa.Sli! "`R. JK4-eMt K68MJa.V;F turrsm F


108/150

Sli! "`T.Sli! "`T. Xustn tXustn tf!&5(5f!&5(5 Not have toNot have to..

=s"/&" o)=s"/&" o)

/"&"ss+7#/"&"ss+7# A(o3++7+o/A(o3++7+o/

>*-3a7+&>*-3a7+&

=0!+&"=0!+&"

+ou don@t have totellher. She knows thenews already.

+ou -ustn@t Atell her.(+ou &an@t tell her. %henews may u!set her!

V;F *$s7/X7 QBHFM


109/150

-&!5!$%.-&!5!$%.

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seminar is tobeheld inLctober.

%hey were toget married in,une.

- Ob77*4*/74 +*43!- ObT TO

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%his form is tobefilled in andreturned within1= days.

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She says that such !eo!leare not to be trusted.k


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3attern Y: ,nfinitive used as Attribute to replace Relative clauses%3attern Y: ,nfinitive used as Attribute to replace Relative clauses%uEHBP ;PD?A@G AFO`BPguestC to arrive at the !arty.&e was the only person3 one to &o-plain0

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36#e#a@:36#e#a@: can* could* be able tocan* could* be able to;+*" (")"("/&" k;+*" (")"("/&" k

*"a/+/?*"a/+/?=))+(*a7+!"=))+(*a7+!" I"?a7+!"I"?a7+!"

A("s"/7

a+,+7#Z+/a+,+7#&a/{ @OC?@BPB FA@`GB&e &ouldn@tsto! laughing.

&e was not able >was unableC

tosto! laughing.

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'asZ'"(" a,"

&e wasfinally able toset arecord.

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=s.+/? )o(=s.+/? )o(A"(*+ss+o/A"(*+ss+o/

Ean3Eould39ayI !lease use your cell !hone/6o you think F &ould possibly leave earlytoday/

Gould it be all right if Fbring(brought my bike

inside/I wonder ifF &ould3 -ightborrow this book/

=s.+/? )o(=s.+/? )o(

=ss+s7a/&"=ss+s7a/&"

Ean 3 Eould 3 Gill3 Gould you!lease o!en thewindow for me/

F5- sorry to trouble youB but&ould you!leaselend me some money/

Gould you -ind taking a !hoto of us/

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must* have to/have got tomust* have to/have got to

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S!!)G /#0.S!!)G /#0.&an K &ould I &an5tmake a decision without knowing the

facts.: J &e said he &ouldn5tmake adecision without knowing the facts.

&an K would be

able

I &anfi7 the !roblems ne7t week.: J She

said she would be ableto fi7 the !roblems thefollowing week.

-ay K -ight

kM;


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S!!)G /##0.S!!)G /##0.-ust K -ust3had to

>obligationC

+ou -usthave surgery as soon as!ossible.: J %he doctor said I -ust3had tohave surgery as soon as !ossible.

-ust K -ust

>. L(C

+ou -ustbe mistaken.: J &e said I

-ust be mistaken.needn5t K didn5tneed to3didn5t have to

+ou needn5t worry about cooking anymore.: J &e said I didn5t needto3didn5t have toworry about cooking

any more.

'%!: ought to( hould( 'ould( might( had better

do not chan)e when re!orted.

I

9

Sli! "


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>8@> 1] '3a7 c'3o '3"("'3"/ 3o'd else

l] so*"73+/?

ca/#73+/? /o73+/?"7&]d else

#! Ghat elsedid he tell you/2ow elsecan you e7!lain all this/

*. I didn0t see anything elsethat caught my interest at thestore.

Some of these s!ecies are found nowhere elseon earth.

H;>J 1] '3a7 other k /o$/

l] so*" ca/# /od

other

Ghat otherbenefits can credit cards offer/

Sorry" Ive got no otherideas.

=IH;>J another)"' c7'o)+!" "7&]d k -,$(a,/o$/

&es coming back in another fewdays.

-ollow this road for another fivemiles or so.

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/%G!0 Ka>MLS/%G!0 Ka>MLS


142/150

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singularsingular @A;HNBPw

HNB ;HNBP

#l (-Kl k++6-3)(/l()'

()' k-5()\l

1. ?ould I have anotherlook at the ma!/

*. ?ould I have another test instead ofan 7Kray/

hen Gric heard Sam on the otherendof the line" he hung u!.

pluralplural ;HNBP< C ;HNBP~ MG r

HNB ;HNBP< CHNB ;HNBP ~ MGr

()'-

7*0/

Some college students !refer to livealone. Mthers 3 otherstudents !refer to

live with roommates in a dormitory.

Lne of the young men is !layed by a realactorD the others 3 the other actors arenonK!rofessionals.

Sli! "N". K f5 43bM.Sli! "N". K f5 43bM.

" 3)%ifi%D f5 &!5(l%" 3)%ifi%D f5 &!5(l%


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144/150

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KK 43bM43bM

one5s est

usiness

one5s duty-an eTercise

a fa3our

)ood

one5s hair

harm

homeworkhousework

research

s!ort

an attem!t

arran)ements

a decisionan effort

an eTce!tion

a firea fortune

a fuss

a mistake

money

a noise!eace

a !lan

a !rofit!ro)ress

a su))estion

Sli! "N


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D>G8BI>

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people and thingspeople and things

=G;


147/150

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situations and e6perien&essituations and e6perien&es

>N?=N @PB Q;?AQ ;A ;P @PB @`;FH H;N?=N N@JB nF


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=@=@ q?A HNB P;GB ;E^cN EMFNd

as k /o$/ ;owB as your elder brother"I advise you to go to bed2 32@O I;FP `P;HNBP.4

8Bx>8Bx> q


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z2Wom #! E?P


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H22>JH22>J #! ,(0'*/ {(*/ Z*60!K! ,(0'*/ {5*/747(0*/ Z*60!

#!o))"( s73

K!o))"( 7o 0o s73

1. %hey offeredme so-e-oneyfor the work.

*. &e offered to helpmewith the translation.

@:[[>@;@:[[>@; #! ,(0'*/ {,(*/ -(]

K! ,(0'*/ Z*60 7(0*/ +)60

#!s$??"s7 s73

K! @ls$??"s773a7 s s3o$,0

1. %he Minister suggested aprogra--eof economicreform.

Someone suggested the2otel ;ernardi0

*. a4 My friend suggestedthat F should &o-plainto

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