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8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Shifts
Pronoun & Antecedent
Agreement
Pronoun Reference & Case
ENG101_SP15
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Eliminate distracting shifts
These distract or confuse readers
Point of view
Verb tense
Mood or voice Indirect to direct questions/quotations
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Make the POV consistent in person
& number
First person emphasizes writer
Good for informal letters and writing based on
personal experience
Second person emphasizes reader Good for giving advice or explaining how to do
something
Third person emphasizes subject
Best for formal academic and professional writing
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Make the POV consistent in person
& number
One week, our class met in a junkyard to practice rescuing
a victim trapped in a wrecked car. We learned to
dismantle the car with the essential tools. You were
graded on your speed and your skill in extricating the
victim.
One week, our class met in a junkyard to practice rescuing
a victim trapped in a wrecked car.We learned todismantle the car with the essential tools.You were
graded on your speed and your skill in extricating the
victim.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Maintain consistent verb tenses
Consistent verb tenses clearly establish time of the
actions being described
Which sentence is incorrect?
A. She caught the ball and then throws it to the catcher forthe out.
B. She caught the ball and then threw it to the catcher for
the out
C. She catches the ball and then throws it to the catcherfor the out.
A. She caught the ball and then throws it to the catcher for
the out.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Maintain consistent verb tenses
When writing about literature or current research, use
present tense
A. Research showed that the Great Pyramids were built
before wooly mammoths became extinct.B. Research shows that the Great Pyramids were built
before wooly mammoths became extinct.
B.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Make verbs consistent in mood &
voiceThree moods in English
Indicative is used for facts, opinions, questions
Imperative is used for orders or advice
Subjunctive is used to express wishes or conditionscontrary to fact
A. The officers advised us against allowing anyone into ourhomes without proper identification. They also suggested thatwe alert neighbors to our vacation schedules.
B. The officers advised us against allowing anyone into ourhomes without proper identification. Also, alert neighbors toour vacation schedules.
A.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Avoid sudden shifts from indirect or
direct questions or quotations
Indirect question: Alex asked whether the potatoes
were ready and whether he could cut them for the
salad.
Direct question: Are the potatoes ready and can I cutthem for the salad?
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Avoid sudden shifts from indirect or
direct questions or quotations
Which of the following is incorrect?
A. My instructor asked whether I was prepared for the
course and have I bought myself a laptop.
B. My instructor asked whether I was prepared for thecourse and whether I had bought myself a laptop
C. My instructor asked, “Are you prepared for the course,
and have you bought yourself a laptop?”
A. My instructor asked whether I was prepared for thecourse and have I bought myself a laptop.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
10/29
Avoid sudden shifts from indirect or
direct questions or quotations
A. Mother said that she would be late for dinner and asked
me not to leave for choir practice until Dad came home.
B. Mother said that she would be late for dinner and please
do not leave for choir practice until Dad comes home. A. Mother said that she would be late for dinner and asked
me not to leave for choir practice until Dad came home.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
11/29
Newsletter Revising
Underline all verbs to ensure that none of theverbs shift
Ensure that there aren’t any shifts from a
statement to a question or vice versa
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Newsletter Revising
2. Turn down the heat – when are you more likely to wake up at night when you are hot or cold? The
body prefers to be in a colder milder climate to
sleep. Experts recommend bedroom
temperatures to be 65 – 70 degrees.
3. Exercise every day – This will greatly improve your
ability to sleep at night. However be careful not to
exercise too close to bed time as it can have anegative effect on sleep.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Newsletter Revising
2. Turn down the heat – when are you more likely to wake up at night when you are hot or cold?The
body prefers to be in a colder milder climate to
sleep. Experts recommend bedroom
temperatures to be 65 – 70 degrees.
3. Exercise every day – This will greatly improve your
ability to sleep at night. However be careful not to
exercise too close to bed time as it can have anegative effect on sleep.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Newsletter Revising
2. Turn down the heat – People are more likely to wake up at night when they are hot.The body
prefers to be in a colder milder climate to sleep.
Experts recommend bedroom temperatures to
be 65 – 70 degrees.
3. Exercise every day – This will greatly improve an
individual’s ability to sleep at night. However one
must be careful not to exercise too close to bedtime as it can have a negative effect on sleep.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Pronouns
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Pronoun & Antecedent Agreement
What is a pronoun? Substitutes a noun
He, she, it, her, him, they, we, us, them
What is an antecedent?
Noun or pronoun that a pronoun refers to
Isabela gave her dog its bath.
Zack gave his sister her doll.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Pronoun & Antecedent Agreement
Do not use plural pronouns to refer to singularantecedents
Runners must train rigorously if he or she wants to
excel.
A medical student must study hard if they want tosucceed.
The recruiter may tell the truth, but there is much
that they choose not to tell.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Pronoun & Antecedent Agreement
The pronoun almost always refers to the nounclosest to it.
While driving it at 200 mph around the North Pole,
Santa swerved to avoid hitting an elf and landed his
sleigh in a snowdrift. What is “it”?
We don’t know until the end of the sentence.
While driving his sleigh at 200 mph around theNorth Pole, Santa swerved to avoid hitting an elf
and landed in a snowdrift.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Pronoun & Antecedent Agreement
The pronoun almost always refers to the nounclosest to it.
I’ve been to Canada, and I like them because they are
very kind to Americans.
Who are they ?
I’ve been to Canada, and I like the Canadians
because they are very kind to Americans.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Pronoun & Antecedent Agreement
Compound subjects joined by and always take aplural referent.
Jones and Smith made their presentation.
With compound subjects joined by or/nor , the
referent pronoun agrees with the antecedentcloser to the pronoun.
Neither the director nor the actors did their jobs.
Neither the actors nor the director did his or her job.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Pronoun & Antecedent Agreement
Collective nouns (group, jury, crowd, team, etc.)may be singular or plural, depending on meaning
The jury read its verdict.
The jury is acting as one unit.
The jury members gave their opinions.
The jury members are acting as twelve individuals.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Pronoun & Antecedent Agreement
Indefinite pronouns are singular (anybody, anyone,anything, each, either, everybody, everyone,
everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing,
somebody, someone, something)
When someone has been drinking, they are likely tospeed.
When someone has been drinking, he or she is
likely to speed.
When drivers have been drinking, they are likely to
speed.
A driver who has been drinking is likely to speed.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Pronoun & Antecedent Agreement
People are who/whoseThings are which/that
She is a person that likes pie.
She is a person who likes pie.
There is the dog who ate my pie.
There is the dog that ate my pie.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Newsletter Revisions
Highlight all pronouns. Circle each pronoun’santecedent. Check to ensure that they align in
singularity and plurality. If an antecedent can not
be found, create one.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Newsletter Revisions
With the belief of a flawed human body comes thedestiny of suffering and cancer. This approach to healthtakes on a defensive rather than an offensive stance. Ifyou believe that more pink solves our countries cancerepidemic you choose to participate in this flawedthinking. Here lies the problem with pink – itrepresents all things incorrect with allopathic westernmedicine and the theory that you will get cancer, noaction can change it – so find it early keep your fingerscrossed and hope for the best. The majority of money
outside of marketing and huge salaries for their toppersonnel (I bet their checks are even pink) goes toearly detection of cancer with mammograms andtreatment with drugs and surgery.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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Newsletter Revisions
With the belief of a flawed human body comes the
destiny of suffering and cancer. This approach to healthtakes on a defensive rather than an offensive stance. Ifone believes that more pink solves this countriescancer epidemic one chooses to participate in thisflawed thinking. Here lies the problem with pink – it
represents all things incorrect with allopathic westernmedicine and the theory that everyone will get cancer,no action can change it – so find it early keep his orher fingers crossed and hope for the best. The majorityof money outside of marketing and huge salaries forthe company’s top personnel (Dr. Alex bets the top
personel’s checks are even pink) goes to earlydetection of cancer with mammograms andtreatment with drugs and surgery.
8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase
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For Thursday...
Narrative analysis due
Submit rubric, final copy, prewriting (in class and
discussion notes), plan (outline), rough draft, peer
review
Continue to work on newsletter revisions (due
2/24)