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Engaging Building Occupants: How to Reduce Plug Load Energy Use

Rois Langner, NREL Technical Lead, Plug & Process Load Technical Solutions Team May 10, 2016

Engaging Building Occupants: How to Reduce Plug Load Energy Use

2

-  Presentations:

-  Christine Wu, Sustainability Program Manager at the U.S. General Services Administration

-  Moira Hafer, Sustainability Specialist at Stanford University

-  Discussion and Q & A

Join the Better Buildings Alliance!

3

Join the BBA PPL Tech Team

Thank you!

Rois Langner National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Rois.Langner@nrel.gov

Plug Load Control: Real-World Testing and Application Christine Wu, GSA

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Stanford Equipment Inventory & Plug Load Reduction Project Moira Hafer, Stanford University

Stanford Equipment Inventory & Plug Load Reduction Programs

Moira Hafer, Sustainability Specialist

Office of Sustainability Stanford University

Better Buildings Alliance Summit, May 10, 2016

• Goals:

1. Quantify campus plug load energy consumption and understand its composition

2. Identify viable plug load energy reduction opportunities

3. Collect data that supports Office of Sustainability’s partners

Stanford Equipment Inventory Overview

2

• Comprehensive 260-building equipment inventory

• Types of equipment included: • Standard office equipment • Standard lab equipment • Common IT equipment • Kitchen & break room equipment • Gym equipment • Other • EH&S hazards • Water fixtures • Occupancy data

• Attributes collected for each type of equipment to provide necessary details for estimating energy consumption

• Inventory covers 93% of campus square footage

Scope

3

Data Collection Tool

4

Interns used web application developed by LBRE IT to collect inventory data

Results (A) – Campus-Wide Context

5

Total Equipment Count 204,000

Total Energy Consumption

(kWh/yr) 77.3 million

Total annual cost $9 million

Plug Load as % of Total Campus Electricity Use

34%

Desk Lamp, 17%

Personal Computer,

16%

LCD Monitor, 11%

Phone, 6%

Personal Printer, 3%

Microwave, 3%

Common

Refrigerator, 3%

Fan, 3%

Server, 3%

Speakers, 2%

TV / LCD Screen, 2%

Other, 28%

Equipment Count

Results (B) - Energy Consumption by Equipment Type

6

0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

16,000,000

18,000,000

20,000,000

Serv

erLa

b Fr

eeze

rIn

cuba

tor

Com

mon

Ref

riger

ator

Wat

er B

ath

Lab

Refri

gera

tor

Pers

onal

Com

pute

rUP

SDi

shw

ashe

rAu

tocla

ve/S

teril

izer

Netw

ork S

witc

hLC

D M

onito

rPe

rson

al Re

frige

rato

rEl

ectri

c Ket

tleTo

aste

rM

icrow

ave

Micr

osco

peCe

ntrif

uge

Pers

onal

Prin

ter

Spac

e Hea

ter

Smal

l Net

wor

ked

Prin

ter

TV /

LCD

Scre

enHo

t Pla

te Fan

Larg

e Net

work

ed C

opy/

Prin

ter

Ice M

achi

neSh

ake

Tabl

eCo

ffee

Mak

erPh

one

Wat

er C

oole

r/He

ater

Desk

Lam

pSp

eake

rsVe

ndin

g M

achi

neCR

T Mon

itor

Over

head

Pro

ject

orTr

eadm

illDr

yer

Cabl

e Bo

xAi

r Con

ditio

ning

Uni

tEx

tern

al H

ard

Driv

eSu

bwoo

fer

Ster

eoSc

anne

rVo

rtex

Mixe

rW

ashi

ng M

achi

neGr

ow La

mps

/ Pl

ug Li

ghtin

gW

ater

Coo

ler/

Filte

rFa

x Mac

hine

Dock

ing

Stat

ion

VCR

Ellip

tical

Mac

hine

DVD

Play

erSt

atio

nary

Bik

eW

hirlp

ool

Plot

ter

Ener

gy C

onsu

mpt

ion

(kW

h/yr

)

Key:

IT Equipment

Lab Equipment

Office Building Equipment

7

Results (C) - Energy Consumption by Equipment Type, cont’d

Server, 24%

Lab Freezer, 14%

Incubator, 9%

Common Refrigerator, 7%

Water Bath, 6%

Lab Refrigerator, 5%

Personal Computer, 5%

UPS, 3%

Dishwasher, 3%

Autoclave/Steril izer, 2%

Network Switch, 2%

LCD Monitor, 2%

Personal Refrigerator, 2%

Other, 16%

Equipment Energy Consumption

Results (D) – Energy Consumption by Building Type

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

Ener

gy U

se In

tens

ity

(kW

h/Sq

Ft/Y

r)

Average Plug Load Energy Use Intensity by Building Type

Plug Load Energy Savings Programs Summary

9

Potential Savings: $2.3 million

Program Total

Potential Savings

Average ROI (years)

% Plug Load Reduction

% Total Electricity Reduction

Equipment Retrofits $183,000 0.5 2% 1%

Space Heating $23,700 2.4 0.3% 0.1%

Sustainable IT $682,000 2.5 8% 3%

Green Labs $1,457,000 3.4 16% 5%

Total $2.3 M 2.2 26% 9%

Field Test of Basic Energy Efficiency Measures

10

ROI = 0.2

ROI = 0.9

ROI = 0.6

ROI = 0.5

ROI = 0.7

ROI = 4.9

ROI = 0.2

ROI = 0.4

ROI = 0.5 ROI = 0.6

ROI = 1.2

ROI = 5.8 ROI = 6.3

ROI = 53.7 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Timers on

commercial

coffee makers

Timers on water

coolers

Timers on hot

water

dispensers

Timers on cable

boxes

Timers on

standard coffee

makers

Timers on

single-cup

coffee makers

Replace

incandescent

light bulbs with

LEDs in task

lamps

Unit

Ener

gy S

avin

gs (

kWh/

yr)

Estimated Unit Energy Savings

Measured Unit Energy Savings

1. Data from pilots showed significant savings from installing programmable timers on: � Coffee makers � Water coolers & hot water dispensers � Cable boxes

2. Direct Install program developed for timers to complement existing voluntary Cardinal Green Office Program

3. Feedback positive from standard office occupants but challenging in 24/7 buildings 4. Persistence was a concern but follow-up checks showed only 5% of water cooler

timers removed and no coffee maker timers removed 5. Considering similar program for advanced power strips, especially new technologies

that connect to a mobile app (pilot will run June – August 2016)

Direct Install Program for Timers

11

Program Expected

Annual Savings

Average ROI

% Plug Load Reduction

Equipment Retrofits

$183,000 0.5 years 1%

Timer Program Materials

12

Space Heater Minimization

13

Program Expected

Annual Savings

Average ROI

% Plug Load Reduction

Space Heater Minimization

$23,700 2.4 years 0.1%

1. Follow-up study conducted in the 20 buildings with the highest number of space heaters to determine most effective energy-saving strategy � Results showed only 6% of people use space heaters

excessively � 45 space heaters automatically removed

2. Space heater swap as part of fall energy savings campaign � 50 individuals volunteered to turn in space heaters, 25

actually did so (and were very excited!) � 1.5 year ROI to provide fleece jacket as incentive

1. Power management: � Partnerships with department-level IT groups are critical, although it can be a difficult ask if

IT groups are focused on other projects � Familiariarity with computers and unique use cases in their departments � Can set appropriate and consistent sleep schedules throughout the department

� Occupants generally OK with pushing out new settings (similar to security, patches, etc.), unless they need remote access

2. Server virtualization and relocation – move servers out of closets!

Sustainable IT

14

Program Expected

Annual Savings

Average ROI

% Plug Load Reduction

Sustainable IT $682,000 2.5 3%

Incorporate plug load measures into existing Green Labs Program: 1. Equipment timers on heating blocks, water

baths, etc. 2. Rebates for energy efficient ULT freezers 3. Free room-temperature storage sample kits 4. Chill-up ULT freezers - part of fall energy

savings campaign 5. Outreach is biggest challenge!

Green Labs

15

Program Expected Annual Savings (kWh)*

Average ROI % Plug

Load Reduction

Green Labs 1,457,000 3.4 years 5%

Conclusion

16

� Summary: � Equipment inventory data helped narrowed focus by revealing biggest savings

opportunities (i.e. labs and IT equipment, including computers) � “Low-hanging fruit” still valuable to go after � With 4 new programs developed, approximately $66,000 saved in electricity

costs in one year � Ongoing Challenges: � Outreach � Boots on the ground to get the work done � Persistence is still a concern, although it was not shown to be a problem with

timers on select equipment � Occupants tend to receive programs well, except in unique environments/use

cases � Next Steps: � Widespread active monitoring and control technologies could have a big

impact

Thank you!