Engendering the census: Engendering the census: Capture secondary economic activity, Capture secondary economic activity, especially of women and part-time especially of women and part-time workers workers * * * * * * Robert McCaa, Professor of Population Robert McCaa, Professor of Population History History University of Minnesota Population University of Minnesota Population Center Center [email protected]additional information at: additional information at: www.hist.umn.edu/~rmccaa/ipums-global www.hist.umn.edu/~rmccaa/ipums-global
Transcript
Engendering the census:Engendering the census:Capture secondary economic activity, Capture secondary economic activity,
especially of women and part-time workersespecially of women and part-time workers
* * ** * *Robert McCaa, Professor of Population HistoryRobert McCaa, Professor of Population History
University of Minnesota Population CenterUniversity of Minnesota Population [email protected]
additional information at:additional information at:
A global partnership A global partnership to integrate census microdata samples to integrate census microdata samples and make extracts available and make extracts available free of costfree of cost
to researchers and policy makers, to researchers and policy makers, regardless of country of regardless of country of
birth, residence or citizenshipbirth, residence or citizenship
What’s new since Kigali?What’s new since Kigali?1.1. IPUMS on-site inspection; Dennis Trewin (see report):IPUMS on-site inspection; Dennis Trewin (see report):
» IPUMS is “best practice”IPUMS is “best practice”» ““Security…is first class… of the standard of the best statistical offices.”Security…is first class… of the standard of the best statistical offices.”» No major problems were identified; enhancements suggested were No major problems were identified; enhancements suggested were
minor.minor.
2.2. Implemented dynamic metadata systemImplemented dynamic metadata system» Compare text of any question for any combination of countries and Compare text of any question for any combination of countries and
censusescensuses» Includes instructions from training manualsIncludes instructions from training manuals» Available in official language and English translationAvailable in official language and English translation» Limited to participating countriesLimited to participating countries
3.3. Recovered Sudan 1973 census microdataRecovered Sudan 1973 census microdata4.4. Endorsed MOU with 7 countries; total = 74 Endorsed MOU with 7 countries; total = 74 5.5. Launched integrated microdata for 6 additional countries: Launched integrated microdata for 6 additional countries: 6.6. Held IPUMS workshop in Lisbon, PTHeld IPUMS workshop in Lisbon, PT
What’s new since Kigali?What’s new since Kigali?1.1. IPUMS on-site inspection; Dennis Trewin (see report):IPUMS on-site inspection; Dennis Trewin (see report):
» IPUMS is “best practice”IPUMS is “best practice”
2.2. Implemented dynamic metadata systemImplemented dynamic metadata system3.3. Recovered Sudan 1973 census microdataRecovered Sudan 1973 census microdata4.4. Endorsed MOU with 7 countries; total = 74Endorsed MOU with 7 countries; total = 74
» Ethiopia, Ghana, Haiti, India, Nepal, Sierra Leone, & TanzaniaEthiopia, Ghana, Haiti, India, Nepal, Sierra Leone, & Tanzania» IPUMS encompasses 3/4IPUMS encompasses 3/4thth of the world’s population. of the world’s population.
5.5. Launched integrated microdata samples for 6 countries: Launched integrated microdata samples for 6 countries: » Argentina, Hungary, Israel, Palestine, Portugal, and RwandaArgentina, Hungary, Israel, Palestine, Portugal, and Rwanda» Database totals more than 200 million person records (26 countries, 80 Database totals more than 200 million person records (26 countries, 80
censuses) censuses)
6.6. Held IPUMS workshop in Lisbon, PT Held IPUMS workshop in Lisbon, PT » 21 countries participated; only 4 from Africa21 countries participated; only 4 from Africa
IPUMS workshop, Lisbon: Aug 22-25, 2007IPUMS workshop, Lisbon: Aug 22-25, 2007
IPUMS-International, ASSD III IPUMS-International, ASSD III (Accra 2007)(Accra 2007)
dark greendark green = = disseminating (26 countries, 80 disseminating (26 countries, 80 censuses, 200mpr)censuses, 200mpr)
green = harmonizing (48 countries, 125 censuses, green = harmonizing (48 countries, 125 censuses, 250mpr)250mpr)
lightest greenlightest green = negotiating = negotiating
Mollweide projection
Please see (or email) me Please see (or email) me (or one of African census partners) (or one of African census partners)
if you would like to discuss if you would like to discuss participating in IPUMS.participating in IPUMS.
I’m here ‘til Saturday evening.I’m here ‘til Saturday evening.Let’s have a big workshop for 57Let’s have a big workshop for 57thth ISI (2009)!! ISI (2009)!!
• IPUMS: most complete archive of census documentation IPUMS: most complete archive of census documentation –We are scanning main census documentation, 1960-presentWe are scanning main census documentation, 1960-present
–IPUMS-Africa CD (copy provided to each delegation): IPUMS-Africa CD (copy provided to each delegation): questionnaires for 194 censuses, questionnaires for 194 censuses,
–1960 round – present: lack forms for 62 censuses.1960 round – present: lack forms for 62 censuses.
• To integrate microdata, study documentation carefullyTo integrate microdata, study documentation carefully• We learned “best practice” for capturing female We learned “best practice” for capturing female economic activity, from integrationeconomic activity, from integration• (This report is part of a global analysis to be presented next week (This report is part of a global analysis to be presented next week at the Global Forum on Gender Statistics in Rome.)at the Global Forum on Gender Statistics in Rome.)
Engendering economic activity—Engendering economic activity—a global perspective acquired from integrating a global perspective acquired from integrating
census microdatacensus microdata
• ~50% of economic activity goes unreported~50% of economic activity goes unreported• Missed opportunity in fighting povertyMissed opportunity in fighting poverty• Unpaid work Unpaid work
– within SNA production boundarywithin SNA production boundary• Family enterprise, agricultural holdingFamily enterprise, agricultural holding• Produce goods for household consumptionProduce goods for household consumption
– outside SNA production boundary outside SNA production boundary • Meal preparation, household maintenanceMeal preparation, household maintenance• Care of children, elderly, sick, disabledCare of children, elderly, sick, disabled• Volunteer servicesVolunteer services
UNECA: gender disaggregated statistics on UNECA: gender disaggregated statistics on household production (HP)household production (HP)
see ASSD2006-01 (p. 15, Dr. Alfred Latigo)see ASSD2006-01 (p. 15, Dr. Alfred Latigo)
•ASSD2006-02 Section 6 (p. 10, ff) and ASSD2006-02 Section 6 (p. 10, ff) and ASSD2006-06 Section 1.4 (p. 2): ASSD2006-06 Section 1.4 (p. 2): Unfortunately, there are no suggestions for “best Unfortunately, there are no suggestions for “best practice” on economic activitypractice” on economic activity
• UNSD P&R Rev 2, section 2.219 (p. 132): recommends UNSD P&R Rev 2, section 2.219 (p. 132): recommends probing questions to obtain “correct economic activity probing questions to obtain “correct economic activity status” for women. status” for women. Unfortunately, there are no examples of “best practice”Unfortunately, there are no examples of “best practice”•The following slide offers an example of best practiceThe following slide offers an example of best practice
UNECA: gender disaggregated statistics on UNECA: gender disaggregated statistics on household production (HP)household production (HP)
see ASSD2006-01 (p. 15, Dr. Alfred Latigo)see ASSD2006-01 (p. 15, Dr. Alfred Latigo)
Did you help in a Did you help in a family family business?business?
Sell some Sell some product?product?
Make some Make some product to sell?product to sell?
Help on a farm or Help on a farm or with livestock?with livestock?
Or in exchange Or in exchange for pay did you for pay did you do some other do some other activity?activity?
An example of “best practice” on economic An example of “best practice” on economic activityactivity Africa Addendum to UNSD P&R Africa Addendum to UNSD P&R
2010: 2010: Branch only after 2Branch only after 2ndnd (probing) question (probing) question
1: “Last [period], did (NAME)...?” 1: “Last [period], did (NAME)...?” 2: “Besides (...), did (NAME)...?”2: “Besides (...), did (NAME)...?”Question 1 (check one):Question 1 (check one):
Question 2 (check one), Question 2 (check one), Besides (…), did (Name):Besides (…), did (Name):
1. Help in a family business?1. Help in a family business?
2. Sell some product?2. Sell some product?
3. Make some product to 3. Make some product to sell?sell?
4. Help on a farm or with 4. Help on a farm or with livestock?livestock?
5. Do some other activity in 5. Do some other activity in exchange for pay?exchange for pay?
6. None of above >>skip to 6. None of above >>skip to next modulenext module
The African experience, 1996-2006 round:The African experience, 1996-2006 round:Only 6 countries use the probing list approach.Only 6 countries use the probing list approach.
3 others capture some secondary activity3 others capture some secondary activity 9 continue module, without probes 9 continue module, without probes
17 skip economic activity, if homemaker17 skip economic activity, if homemaker
Need forms for 2007 censuses: Need forms for 2007 censuses: Swaziland and Mozambique Swaziland and Mozambique
(“IPUMS-Africa” CD contains forms for 2006/7 censuses (“IPUMS-Africa” CD contains forms for 2006/7 censuses of Burkina Faso, Egypt, Ethiopia, Lesotho, and Sudan)of Burkina Faso, Egypt, Ethiopia, Lesotho, and Sudan)
•17: if Homemaker, 17: if Homemaker, skip: “end interview”.skip: “end interview”.•Solution:Solution:
–17b: list secondary 17b: list secondary activities (recall Mexico activities (recall Mexico 2000 example) 2000 example) –If response is “no” on If response is “no” on 17a and 17b, then end 17a and 17b, then end interview; otherwise interview; otherwise record answers for record answers for 17b, 18 and 1917b, 18 and 19
The problem:The problem:Nigeria 2006—skips Nigeria 2006—skips
secondary activitysecondary activity
•22: Questions a poser 22: Questions a poser uniquement aux actifs uniquement aux actifs (code 1 ou 2 est (code 1 ou 2 est encercié à P21)encercié à P21)•Solution:Solution:
–P22b: probling list of P22b: probling list of secondary economic secondary economic activities activities –If no on P22a and If no on P22a and P22b, skip to P25; else P22b, skip to P25; else record P23 and P24.record P23 and P24.
The problem:The problem:Burkina Faso 2006— Burkina Faso 2006—
skips secondary skips secondary activityactivity
Africa, 1995-2007Africa, 1995-2007individual economic activity in 35 censusesindividual economic activity in 35 censuses
6 6 best practices: Gambia 2003, Mauritius 2000, Mozambique 1997, best practices: Gambia 2003, Mauritius 2000, Mozambique 1997, Namibia 2000, South Africa 2001, Sudan 2008Namibia 2000, South Africa 2001, Sudan 2008
3 capture some (all??) secondary economic activity:3 capture some (all??) secondary economic activity:Cote d’Ivoire 1998, Ghana 2000, Mali 1998Cote d’Ivoire 1998, Ghana 2000, Mali 1998
17 skip all secondary activity, if homemaker:17 skip all secondary activity, if homemaker:Algeria, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Cape Verde, Gabon, Algeria, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Cape Verde, Gabon,
9 miss most secondary activity for lack of probing list:9 miss most secondary activity for lack of probing list:Benin, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guinea, Morocco, Seychelles, Benin, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guinea, Morocco, Seychelles,
Sierra Leone, Swaziland, TunisiaSierra Leone, Swaziland, Tunisia
• Homemakers: Homemakers: must answer 16b must answer 16b (“did you work at all (“did you work at all for pay or profit”, for pay or profit”, work for family work for family farm, business, farm, business, receive pay in kind)receive pay in kind)•If yes, continue If yes, continue with economic with economic modulemodule
Gambia 2003—Gambia 2003—captures captures bothboth primary and primary and
secondary activitysecondary activity
South Africa 2001—captures all with short list:South Africa 2001—captures all with short list:“any work for pay (in cash or kind), profit or family gain “any work for pay (in cash or kind), profit or family gain
for one hour or more?” (avoids “homemaker skip”)for one hour or more?” (avoids “homemaker skip”)
Suggested enhancement:Suggested enhancement:
•Reverse 13a and 13b.Reverse 13a and 13b.
•New 13b queries a list of culturally specific economic activities (see New 13b queries a list of culturally specific economic activities (see Mexico, Gambia or South Africa examples)Mexico, Gambia or South Africa examples)
•Skip only if answer is “Skip only if answer is “nono” on ” on bothboth 13a & 13b 13a & 13b
Ghana 2000—captures some secondary activityGhana 2000—captures some secondary activity
Suggested “best practice” on economic activitySuggested “best practice” on economic activity Africa Africa
Addendum to UNSD P&R 2010:Addendum to UNSD P&R 2010: Question X (mark one):Question X (mark one):
Last 7 days, did (Name) do Last 7 days, did (Name) do any work for PAY (in cash any work for PAY (in cash or in kind), PROFIT or or in kind), PROFIT or FAMILY Gain, for one FAMILY Gain, for one hour or more?:hour or more?:
4.4. Yes, has work, but was Yes, has work, but was temporarily absenttemporarily absent
5.5. No, did not work.No, did not work.
If No, skip to next module.If No, skip to next module.
Suggested “best practice” on economic Suggested “best practice” on economic activityactivity Africa Addendum to UNSD P&R Africa Addendum to UNSD P&R
2010: 2010: Branch only after 2Branch only after 2ndnd (probing) question (probing) question
X: “Last [period], did (NAME)...?” X: “Last [period], did (NAME)...?” X+1: “Besides (...), did (NAME)...?”X+1: “Besides (...), did (NAME)...?”Question X (check one):Question X (check one):
