LUBRICACIN

LubricationFunctions of OilReduce unwanted frictionReduce wear on moving partsAbsorbs shock loadsAct as a cleaning agent

ViscosityViscosity rating indicates flow rate of oil at a given temperature

Thin oils tend to be for cold conditions

Classified by the American Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)

Or by the American Petroleum Institute (API) Oil AdditivesInhibit corrosion

Foaming

Oxidation

Act as dispersants

Synthetic OilsOffer better protection against engine wear

Operate at higher temperatures

Better low temperature viscosity

Chemically more stable

API classifies oils into five groupsGroup 1: Produced by simple distillation of crude oil

Group 2 and 3: Refined by with hydrogen at much higher temperature and pressures (hydro-cracking)

Group 4: Oils are all of the synthetic polyalphaolefins

Group 5: Includes all other types of synthetic oil.

Lubrication System Oil sumpOil pumpOil galleries

Splash SystemA dipper splashes oil through the internal part of the engine

Pressure system Pressure force oil around the engine

In wet-sump system, oil is kept in the sump system

In dry sump system, oil falls to the bottom of the engine and a scavenge pump sends it to an oil tankDifferences between diesel and gasoline Diesel engines typically operate at the top en of their power rage, so their operating temperatures are higher

Diesel oils need a different range of properties and are classified differently.

2-stroke engine premix fuel systemUse a set gasoline-oil mixture for lubrication

As the air, fuel and oil enter, the fuel evaporates leaving enough oil to keep parts lubricatedRotary engine lubrication system A pump injects a measured amount into the intake manifold

Oil from these nozzles goes to the engine and lubricates the rotor seals

Lubrication system components Sump: it is the bases of a engine. It can be used as a storage container in a wet-sump system.

Oil collection pan: Collects the oil after it has circulated through engine.

Oil tank: Part of the dry sump lubrication system

Pickup tube: Its used to provide a means of collecting oil for the oil pump

Oil pump: Deliver oil under pressure to the internal engine parts

Oil pressure relief valve: Used to prevent damage to an engine due too much oil pressure

Holes and galleries: Used to deliver oil from the oil pump to various components.