ENhanced Geothermal Innovative Network for Europe: the state of the art
Ledru P., Bruhn D., Calcagno P., Genter A., Huenges E., Kaltschmitt M., Kohl T., Le Bel L., Manzella A., Thorhalsson S.
Engine Mid-term Conference 10-12 January 2007
GFZ Potsdam, GermanyOpening Session
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 2
A project is a living body…
> Welcome to the participants to the Mid-term conference
> A thought to those who moved out…> Welcome to those who join the crew…> In memoriam to those who passed away…
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 3
Why a co-ordination action about Enhanced Geothermal Systems ?
>An expression of interest from the EC FP6: A need for building an innovative research network for Europe
>A renewed interest for the geothermal energy from deep sources
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 4
Challenges
> Scientific challenge to understand the distribution of heat and permeability at depth in the uppermost crust.
> Technological and economic challenge to improve and render cost-efficient investigation and development technology
> Integration of different research paths that currently exist
> Communication to rally the support of policy makers and investors and increase the social acceptance of a broader community
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 5
Objectives of the coordination action
> to motivate the scientific community to face up to the above-mentioned challenges
> to capitalise the know-how acquired in the framework of the EGS Soultz experiment but also from the exploration and exploitation of Italy, Bouillante and Iceland geothermal fields
> to define new integrated projects that will federate the scientific community working in the "geothermal field", in partnership with industry, in order to achieve the strategic objectives of the European Community
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 6
Conditions defined in 02/2006 for a successful coordination action
> Following the Document Work> An efficient network> The production of the deliverables> A good co-ordination with the FP6 projects
(Soultz, I-GET, Low Bin, HITI…)
> One Year After?
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 7
Following the Document Work
> A document work available on the web site
> An intermediate report in progress
> No major changes in the planning and responsabilities
> The beginning of the Synthesis phase of the project
WP1Project Management- 1 co-ordinator and secretary- follow up time / quality / cost- 1 executive Group- 1 steering committee- Connection with international agencies, national programmes, industrial partners
Deliverables- quarterly reports to EU- stronger links with potential partners for new projects
A scientific and technical European Reference Manual for the development of Unconventional Geothermal Resources
and Enhanced Geothermal Systems
WP3Investigation of Unconventional Geothermal Resources and EGS - The scientific and technological challenges of the exploration phase- Gaps, barriers and cost effectiveness
Publications- state-of-the-art- proceedings of conferences- definition and analysis of bottlenecks and solutions
WP6 Expertise on investigation of unconventional Geothermal resources and EGSSynthesis on best practices, barriers holding back development and possible solutions
WP7 Expertise on drilling, stimulation and reservoir assessmentSynthesis on best practices, barriers holding back development and possible solutions
WP8 Expertise onexploitation, economic, environmental and social impactsSynthesis on best practices, barriers holding back development and possible solutions
Best Practice Handbook and innovative concepts
An updated framework of activities concerning Unconventional Geothermal Resources and Enhanced
Geothermal Systems in Europe
WP5Exploitation, economic, environmental and social impacts- Integrated economic approach for cost-effectiveness- Policy makers and public awareness- Gaps and barriers holding back development
Publications- state-of-the-art- proceedings of conferences- definition and analysis of bottlenecks and solutions
WP4Drilling, stimulation and reservoir assessment
- Drilling technology, reservoir modelling and management- Gaps, barriers and cost effectiveness
Publications- state-of-the-art- proceedings of conferences- definition and analysis of bottlenecks and solutions
WP9 Risk evaluation for the development of geothermal energyReport on the integration of results in a Decision Support system
ENGINE: ENhanced Geothermal Innovative
Network for Europe
WP2 Information and dissemination system- General information- Information on training and education- Reports and results, publications - Data management- Publication policy- Connection with media
Deliverables- a web site- access to databases, models and open-source software- on-line access to articles and reviews
WP 9
WP 2...
Executive GroupPresident: C. FouillacBRGM, C. FouillacVUA, S. CloetinghGFZ, R. EmmermannOS, O. FlovenzGEOWATT, L. RybachShell, J. MaasTNO, E. ElewautFEDCO, Z. SarmientoLAGEO, M. Monterrosa
P. LedruE. Huenges, A. Manzella
Co-ordination Project management
BRGM, P. Ledru, A. Genter
Steering CommitteePresident: E. HuengesVice President: A. ManzellaWP1, BRGM, P. LedruWP2, BRGM, P. CalcagnoWP3, IGG, A. ManzellaWP4, OS, S. ThorhallssonWP5, IE, M. KaltschmittWP6, GEOWATT, T. KohlWP7, GFZ, E. HuengesWP8, CRES, C. KarytsasWP9, TNO-NITG, A. Lokhorst/J.D. van Wees
FP6Project Officer: J. Schuppers
Work Package 1
National research and development projects
Other EU research projects
International Energy AgencyGeothermal Implementing
Agreement
Stakeholder committee
Axpo Holding, N. ZepfBUND, U. Bruchmann
DALKIA, D. GivoisEnBW, T. Koelbel
ENEL, F. Batini, P. RomagnoliEDF, D. Fritsch
EGS, G. SantucciIGA, K. Popovsky
KCA DEUTAG, M. BeyerMINEFI, P. Dupuis
RWE-DEA, C. Bücker Schlumberger, J. Cook
SenterNovem, H. SchreursStichting Platform Geothermie,
H. van HeekerenSUNCOR, A. Thompson
TURBODEN, M. GaiaUS expert panel, D. Blackwell
WP1Project Management- 1 co-ordinator and secretary- follow up time / quality / cost- 1 executive Group- 1 steering committee- Connection with international agencies, national programmes, industrial partners
Deliverables- quarterly reports to EU- stronger links with potential partners for new projects
A scientific and technical European Reference Manual for the development of Unconventional Geothermal Resources
and Enhanced Geothermal Systems
WP3Investigation of Unconventional Geothermal Resources and EGS - The scientific and technological challenges of the exploration phase- Gaps, barriers and cost effectiveness
Publications- state-of-the-art- proceedings of conferences- definition and analysis of bottlenecks and solutions
WP6 Expertise on investigation of unconventional Geothermal resources and EGSSynthesis on best practices, barriers holding back development and possible solutions
WP7 Expertise on drilling, stimulation and reservoir assessmentSynthesis on best practices, barriers holding back development and possible solutions
WP8 Expertise onexploitation, economic, environmental and social impactsSynthesis on best practices, barriers holding back development and possible solutions
Best Practice Handbook and innovative concepts
An updated framework of activities concerning Unconventional Geothermal Resources and Enhanced
Geothermal Systems in Europe
WP5Exploitation, economic, environmental and social impacts- Integrated economic approach for cost-effectiveness- Policy makers and public awareness- Gaps and barriers holding back development
Publications- state-of-the-art- proceedings of conferences- definition and analysis of bottlenecks and solutions
WP4Drilling, stimulation and reservoir assessment
- Drilling technology, reservoir modelling and management- Gaps, barriers and cost effectiveness
Publications- state-of-the-art- proceedings of conferences- definition and analysis of bottlenecks and solutions
WP9 Risk evaluation for the development of geothermal energyReport on the integration of results in a Decision Support system
ENGINE: ENhanced Geothermal Innovative
Network for Europe
WP2 Information and dissemination system- General information- Information on training and education- Reports and results, publications - Data management- Publication policy- Connection with media
Deliverables- a web site- access to databases, models and open-source software- on-line access to articles and reviews
Coordination action breakdown structure
WP1, Project Management
WP2, Information and dissemination system
WP3. Investigation of UGR and EGS
WP4. Drilling, stimulation and reservoir assessment
WP6. Expertise on investigation of UGR and EGS
WP8. Expertise on exploitation, economic, environmental, social impacts
WP7. Expertise on drilling, stimulation and reservoirassessment
LaunchingConf.(France2/2006)
FinalConference
WP5. Exploitation, economic, environmental and social impacts
Mid-term Conference
(Germany01/2007)
Mid-term Conference
Mid-term Conference
Specialised workshops
WP9. Risk evaluation for the development of geothermal energy
Extension of the network to Third countries (Mexico, El Salvador, Philippines)
Germany(11/2206)
Switzerland(06/2006)
France(9/2006)
Italy
The Netherlands
Iceland
Greece
Beginning of contacts with the Stakeholder Committee
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 10
An efficient network
WP 9
WP 2...
Executive GroupPresident: C. FouillacBRGM, C. FouillacVUA, S. CloetinghGFZ, R. EmmermannOS, O. FlovenzGEOWATT, L. RybachShell, J. MaasTNO, E. ElewautFEDCO, Z. SarmientoLAGEO, M. Monterrosa
P. LedruE. Huenges, A. Manzella
Co-ordination Project management
BRGM, P. Ledru, A. Genter
Steering CommitteePresident: E. HuengesVice President: A. ManzellaWP1, BRGM, P. LedruWP2, BRGM, P. CalcagnoWP3, IGG, A. ManzellaWP4, OS, S. ThorhallssonWP5, IE, M. KaltschmittWP6, GEOWATT, T. KohlWP7, GFZ, E. HuengesWP8, CRES, C. KarytsasWP9, TNO-NITG, A. Lokhorst/J.D. van Wees
FP6Project Officer: J. Schuppers
Work Package 1
National research and development projects
Other EU research projects
International Energy AgencyGeothermal Implementing
Agreement
Stakeholder committee
Axpo Holding, N. ZepfBUND, U. Bruchmann
DALKIA, D. GivoisEnBW, T. Koelbel
ENEL, F. Batini, P. RomagnoliEDF, D. Fritsch
EGS, G. SantucciIGA, K. Popovsky
KCA DEUTAG, M. BeyerMINEFI, P. Dupuis
RWE-DEA, C. Bücker Schlumberger, J. Cook
SenterNovem, H. SchreursStichting Platform Geothermie,
H. van HeekerenSUNCOR, A. Thompson
TURBODEN, M. GaiaUS expert panel, D. Blackwell
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 11
The production of the deliverables: http://engine.brgm.fr/
Visits on the ENGINE meetings Web pages
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> 12 000 visits so far
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Publication policy
> #1 01/2006
> #2 04/2006
> #3 07/2006
> #4 10/2006
> #5 12/2006
> Next issue#6 February 2007
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 13
Publication policy and Meeting management
> Launching ConferenceOrléans, France
> Workshop 3Zurich, Switzerland
> Workshop 5Strasbourg, France
> Workshop 1Potsdam, Germany
> Mid-Term ConferencePotsdam, Germany
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 14
A good co-ordination with the FP6 projectsCAMELIA: Multigeneration Energy Systems with Locally Integrated Applications
GroundHit: Ground Coupled Heat Pumps of High
Technology
Low Bin: Binary
systems
EGS (STREP): Soultz
HITI (STREP): High-Temperature Equipment
ENGINE Co-ordination Action
I-GET: Integrated Geophysical ExplorationTechnology
> Joint meetings
> Presentation of on going activities
> A total budget of 46,6M€ over 4 years, 17,6M€ from EU
> A significant base line activity
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 15
One Year After: A framework for some of the R&D issues that will result from the ENGINE project
> An illustration of the bottom-up approach
> to capitalise the know-how and to define new integrated projects • Investigation of
Unconventional Geothermal Resources and Enhanced Geothermal Systems
• Drilling, stimulation and reservoir assessment
• Economic, environmental and social impacts
WP3Investigation of Unconventional Geothermal Resources and EGS - The scientific and technological challenges of the exploration phase- Gaps, barriers and cost effectiveness
Publications- state-of-the-art- proceedings of conferences- definition and analysis of bottlenecks and solutions
An updated framework of activities concerning Unconventional Geothermal Resources and Enhanced
Geothermal Systems in Europe
WP5Exploitation, economic, environmental and social impacts- Integrated economic approach for cost-effectiveness- Policy makers and public awareness- Gaps and barriers holding back development
Publications- state-of-the-art- proceedings of conferences- definition and analysis of bottlenecks and solutions
WP4Drilling, stimulation and reservoir assessment
- Drilling technology, reservoir modelling and management- Gaps, barriers and cost effectiveness
Publications- state-of-the-art- proceedings of conferences- definition and analysis of bottlenecks and solutions
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 16
WP3Investigation of Unconventional Geothermal Resources and EGS - The scientific and technological challenges of the exploration phase- Gaps, barriers and cost effectiveness
Publications- state-of-the-art- proceedings of conferences- definition and analysis of bottlenecks and solutions
An updated framework of activities concerning Unconventional Geothermal Resources and Enhanced
Geothermal Systems in Europe
One Year After: A framework for some of the R&D issues that will result from the ENGINE project
> to capitalise the know-how and to define new integrated projects
• Investigation of Unconventional Geothermal Resources and Enhanced Geothermal Systems
• Drilling, stimulation and reservoir assessment
• Economic, environmental and social impacts
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 17
Considerations about EGS (G. Cappetti, 2006)
> What does it means to enhance a geothermal system ?• to improve the knowledge of the system• to enhance the permeability of the formation• to enhance the heat production through water circulation
> Taking this definition, Larderello can be considered the largest worldwide example of an Enhanced Geothermal System• Larderello has been the first geothermal system developed
and exploited in the world (over 100 years history…)• First period of intensive explotation with “conventional”
strategies, typical of hydrothermal systems• The exploitation strategies are based on the “Heat
Production” and are aimed at the “Production Sustainability”
Strategy for defining targets for Geothermal energy
Temperature
Italy,
Icela
nd,
Carib
bean
Islan
ds
Franc
e-Ger
many
(Rhin
e), H
unga
ry
Polan
d, Sp
ain
Permeability
Water/vapor
the geodynamic context•the hydrosystems•the geology
Geological knowledgein 3D
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 20
Investigation of Unconventional Geothermal Resources and Enhanced Geothermal Systems
> Geological knowledge • Architecture, geometry and nature of the target
deduced from geological context and structural analysis: a 3D model
• Geophysical methods are suitable but existing methods must be improved and used in combination with different, highly sensitive techniques in order to meet the specific requirements of modern geophysical exploration for geothermal purposes: links with IGET
• A strategy of exploration of a 3D domain common to all researches dedicated to underground engineering
Finding heat at depth
Temperature
Italy,
Icela
nd,
Carib
bean
Islan
ds
Franc
e-Ger
many
(Rhin
e), H
unga
ry
Polan
d, Sp
ain
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 22
Investigation of Unconventional Geothermal Resources and Enhanced Geothermal Systems
> Geological knowledge > Finding heat at depth
• Extension of large-wavelength heat-flow anomalies at depth is often inaccurate (insufficient knowledge of the causes of heat-flow anomaly and of thermal properties of the main lithologies)
• Several physical parameters are coupled with temperature and can be imaged by different geological, geophysical and geochemical methods
• The definition of possible targets for EGS could be improved by the use of a 3D modelling platform, in which all solutions from geological, geochemical and geophysical modelling, direct and inverse, could be combined and analysed
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 23
The use of a 3D modelling platform
From the 3D geometrical model to the thermal tomography
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 24
Stress field and hydro-fracturing
Permeability
Water/vapor
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 25
Investigation of Unconventional Geothermal Resources and Enhanced Geothermal Systems
> Geological knowledge > Finding heat at depth> Stress field
• Ability of fault and fracture systems to channel fluids is directly dependant on the stress field. Stress field and hydro-fracturing are linked
• Mechanisms of rupture and propagation of an existing fault system and related displacement remain debated as well as the permeability associated with
• Favourable and unfavourable stress field conditions must be evaluated, depending of the different stimulation methods
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 26
Investigation of Unconventional Geothermal Resources and Enhanced Geothermal Systems
> Geological knowledge > Finding heat at depth> Stress field > Defining integrated conceptual models
• Need to refer to conceptual models of the main geothermal sites, available on 3D modelling platform, enabling modelling and test of new highly sensitive techniques
• A significant improvement of knowledge is expected from natural analogues on which hypotheses could be tested, for example circulation of fluids in relation to seismicity and lithology heterogeneity, or the thermal imprint of fluid circulation
• Links with other investigation programmes, such as nuclear waste storage, capture and geological storage of CO2 and oil and gas field development, could be also developed as a way to benefit from existing installations and experiences
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 27
An updated framework of activities concerning Unconventional Geothermal Resources and Enhanced
Geothermal Systems in Europe
WP4Drilling, stimulation and reservoir assessment
- Drilling technology, reservoir modelling and management- Gaps, barriers and cost effectiveness
Publications- state-of-the-art- proceedings of conferences- definition and analysis of bottlenecks and solutions
> to capitalise the know-how and to define new integrated projects • Investigation of
Unconventional Geothermal Resources and Enhanced Geothermal Systems
• Drilling, stimulation and reservoir assessment
• Economic, environmental and social impacts
One Year After: A framework for some of the R&D issues that will result from the ENGINE project
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 28
Tomographic analysis
Stimulation of GPK2 in 2000 and 2003(Cuenot et al. 2006)
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 29
Faulting mechanisms and stress regime
(Cuenot et al. 2006)
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 30
Drilling, stimulation and reservoir assessment
> Enhancing or engineering the reservoir is a key issue for EGS
> Mechanical and chemical stimulations are commonly used to enhance their hydraulic properties.
> Induced microseismicity, geochemical tracing and thermal evolution of the system is an exceptional opportunity to characterize the reservoir and its dynamics
> The success of these experiences is still a matter of trial and error, depending on the variety of geological contexts and site conditions. More detailed reviews are needed about some stimulation methods, and exchanges with hydrocarbon industry and underground nuclear waste and CO2 storage platforms are likely
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 31
Drilling, stimulation and reservoir assessment
> As it is already partly expressed in the FP7 work program, researches should • define conceptual models for irreversible enhancement of
permeability of the reservoirs (relationships between stress field and strain mechanisms, fluid-rock interaction, fluid pressure development…),
• analyse the distribution in time and space of the magnitude of seismic events in order to improve the 3D imaging of the fracture system and stress field (interaction between tectonic, lithostatic and fluid pressure),
• set requirements for seismic monitoring (modelling and metrology) and recommend management strategies for prolonged field operation,
• provide a methodology for the estimation of site-specific seismic hazard prior to development of potential sites for EGS.
> The induced earthquake in Basel on the 8th December reveals the urgent necessity to fill the gap in knowledge about this matter
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 32
An updated framework of activities concerning Unconventional Geothermal Resources and Enhanced
Geothermal Systems in Europe
WP5Exploitation, economic, environmental and social impacts- Integrated economic approach for cost-effectiveness- Policy makers and public awareness- Gaps and barriers holding back development
Publications- state-of-the-art- proceedings of conferences- definition and analysis of bottlenecks and solutions
> to capitalise the know-how and to define new integrated projects • Investigation of
Unconventional Geothermal Resources and Enhanced Geothermal Systems
• Drilling, stimulation and reservoir assessment
• Economic, environmental and social impacts
One Year After: A framework for some of the R&D issues that will result from the ENGINE project
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 33
Geothermal electricity generation in Europe
Dry Steam Plantsin MWel
Flash Plants
in MWel
Binary Plantsin MWel
Total Capacity in MWel
Capacity by 2010
in MWel
Austria 1.4 1.4 7.4France 14.7a 14.7 20.7Germany 0.2 0.2 25.2Iceland 161.7 10.4 172.1 392.1Italy 770.5 20 790.5 890.5Portugal 3.0 13.0b 16 35Russia 110c 110 228Switzerland 6Turkey 20.4 20.4Europe 770,5 329.8 24.3 1,125.3 1,650.3
a Guadeloupe; b Azores; c thereof 9 MWel flash-binary unit
Compiled by Kaltschmitt & Frick, 2006 from WGC05
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 34
The EGS challenge
oexplorationoresource assessment oresource managementoadvanced drillingoadvanced stimulationoefficient power cyclesoenvironmental impact
RESOURCE USE
COSTRISK
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 35
Phases of an EGS life cycle by GEOWATT AG
Concept Exploration Development Production Abandonment
?
Siteselected
Feasibility ofEGS at site
demonstrated
Installations andreservoir ready for
production
Productionlifetime reached
General regional planning:• technical• political• financial• environmental
• Pilot borehole• Stimulation tests• Production modelling
• Inj./Prod boreholes• Intensive stimulation• Production tests• Surface installations
• Power/Heat production• Maintenance
If no re-investmentfor this site:Deconstruction
Milestones
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 36
Economic, environmental and social impacts
> Electricity production from low enthalpy resources in Europe: a fairly young technology which lacks wide experience, both for the development of geothermal resources and power plant systems
> Nevertheless, quite a lot of projects are planned and considerably more experience will be available in the years to come
> Discussion about the pros and cons of • ORC vs. Kalina cycle, • air vs. water cooling• fancy vs. proven technology • power vs. Combined Heat Power
is of no interest in terms of a further development of geothermal energy use
> The main task of project developers is the optimisation potential in terms of the design of the working fluid, the cycle and turbine designs as well as the cooling systems
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 37
EGS activity in the German part of the Upper Rhine graben
> The Renewable Energy Source Act (EEG) was introduced in Germany to facilitate sustainable development of energy supply in the interest of managing global warming, conserving nature and protecting the environment
> The EEG entered into force in 2000 and was amended on 1st of August 2004.
> Fees paid for electricity produced from geothermal energy:• At least 15 cents per KWh up to and including a capacity of 5
MW,• At least 14 cents per KWh up to and including a capacity of
10 MW,• At least 8.95 cents per KWh up to and including a capacity of
20 MW• At least 7.16 cents per KWh for a capacity of 20 MW and
over• From Bestec, 2006
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 38
EU-wide Feed-in tariffs for geothermal energy
Austria: 7,00 ct/kWh
Belgium: 2,50 ct/kWh
Czech Republic: 15,56 ct/kWh
Estonia: 5,10 ct/kWh
France: 10 ct/kWh (overseas: 12)
Germany: up to 15,00 ct/kWh
Greece: 7,31 ct/kWh
Slovakia: 9,04 ct/kWh
Slovenia: 5,85 + 2,52 ct/kWh
Spain: 6,49 + 2,94 ct/kWh
•From Kaltschmitt, 2006
Mid-term conference, 10-12 January 2007, Potsdam > 39
Economic, environmental and social impacts
> Efficiency of a power plant cycle can be improved with an increasing technical effort and innovative ideas. Before being able to break into the market these technologies need to be tested, which is generally not possible on a purely commercial basis as technical and financial risks are induced
> Governments, national agencies and Europe must support the market access of such new and innovative technologies
> The choice of a Turboden-Cryostar binary power plant for the Soultz-sous-Forêts : an application of optimisation potential and the choice of an innovative technology
> Combining different energy options supplying heat on different temperature levels can result in a higher overall efficiency and thus profitability and hence be decisive for realising geothermal based electricity production
