Engineered for strength…designed for beauty€¦ · Engineered for strength…designed for beauty...

Installation GuideUse this Installation Guide for step-by-step instructions on how to create your easy-to-install MiraStoneTM segmental retaining wall system.

Engineered for strength…designed for beauty

» cornerstonewallsolutions.com

by CORNERSTONE®

MiraStone™

he MiraStoneTM retaining wall system was developed with the installer in mind. MiraStone’s durable, high shear strength concrete SecureLugs fit into lower units’ hollow cores, allowing significant lateral movement without losing unit to unit interlock. Tapered sides with removable wings make it easy to build tight curves and straight walls with complete accuracy. MiraStone’s large hollow core, filled with gravel, provides a superb geogrid to block connection.

MiraStone® is committed to providing complete technical and construction information to installers and engineers to ensure the successful completion of any retaining wall project. Your best choice is MiraStoneTM for value, beauty, durability, ease of construction, and complete retaining wall excellence.

Design Advantage Economic Advantage

• Unitsaremadefromhighcompressionandlow-absorptionconcrete,thatprovidesdurabilityandresistancetoweathering.

• Largehollowcorereducesefflorescenceproblemsandtheuseofcostlypigments.

• Unitsprovideexcellentsolutionsforgravity,geogridreinforced,steel/concrete,plantableandothertypesofwallstructures.

• Providessuperiorenvironmentaladvantagesbothbyusinglessconcreteinmanufacturingandbytheresultingefficiencyoftransportation.

• Providessuperiorflexibilityincreatingcurves,corners,stepsandterracedwalls.

• MiraStoneTMsystemwillsavetime,labor,andmaterialcosts.

• MiraStoneTMwallscancostconsiderablylessthanconventionalcastinplaceconcretewallsortraditionalmasonrysystems.

• MiraStoneTMlight-weight,hollowcoreunitsarelessexpensivetoshipandhandle.

• MiraStoneTMlaborandequipmentcostsarelowbecausenospecialequipmentisrequiredandsemi-skilledworkerswillfindtheunitseasytoassemble.

• Asmallcrewcaneasilyinstall200to600squarefeetofwallunitsaday.

• OnepersoncaneasilyhandlethelightweighthollowcoreMiraStoneTMunit.

• Theone-stepSecureLugsystemoutperformsthepinsorclipmethod,speedingupinstallationtimeconsiderably.

• Thehollowcoremakesiteasytosawcut,addspeciallightingorplacefencepostsintowhenaddingcreativedetails.

Installation Advantage

Design, Installation & Economic Advantagesby CORNERSTONE®

MiraStone™

Cap

3"Heightx18"Widthx12"Depth(76Hx457Wx305mmD)Weight:46lbs(21kgs)

90 Degr ee Cor ner

6"Heightx18"Widthx9"Depth(152Hx457Wx229mmD)Weight:35lbs(16kgs)

Str a ight FaCe

6"Heightx18"Widthx12"Depth(152Hx457Wx305mmD)Weight:57lbs(26kgs)FaceArea=.75sq.ft.

*All dimensions vary between manufacturers. Verify with local producer for correct measurements.

Dimensions 6" HeigHt x 18" WiDtH x 12" DeptH (152 H x 457 W x 305 mm D)Face area .75 sq Ft (0.07 m2)Volume oF VoiDs .296 Ft3 (.008 m3)WeigHt 57 lbs (26 kgs)

Faces Varies

graVel FilleD WeigHt 94 lbs (43 kgs)concrete FilleD WeigHt 101 lbs (46 kgs)batter/setback 4.5° 1/2"/unit

by CORNERSTONE®MiraStone™

1 118

12 1413

15

22

Gravity Wall Geogrid Reinforced Wall Wall Details

Base Elevation Changes Convex/Outside Curves Concave/Inside Curves

Outside Corner

1716

Inside Corner Stair Details

24

Estimating ChartsPillar Details

MIRASTONE TM » Installation Guide » cornerstonewallsolutions.com

a DDr eSS:

Cornerstone® Wall Solutions

803-1625 Manitoba Street • Vancouver, BC

V5Y 0B8 • Canada

phone & em a il:

Toll Free: 1-800-939-9193

Phone: 604-939-7999

Email: [email protected]

a FFili ationS:

Cornerstone® Wall Solutions is a proud member

of the National Concrete Masonry Association,

the Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute

and the National Precast Concrete Association.

liCenSing:

Cornerstone® Wall Solutions licences products

to manufacturers. Opportunities are still

available. Contact us for more information.


MiraStone™ Gravity Wall

ravity (SRW) segmental retaining wall systems are structures lower in height that use the MiraStoneTM unit weight combined with gravel core infill to resist earth pressures behind and on top of the wall. The 1/2”/unit (4.5 degree or 1”/vertical foot) batter or setback of the MiraStoneTM wall along with proper soil conditions below and behind the wall provide the stability of the structure. For walls 4.0ft (1.2m) and taller a qualified engineer should be consulted.

note: Bolded installation terms are defined in our online glossary at: www.cornerstonewallsolutions.com

• Markthebottomandtopofthewallexcavationlocationwithspraypaintorstakes;

• Establishproperelevationbottomandtopofwallbeforeexcavating;

• OrganicMaterialsshouldnotbeusedinStructuralBackfillZone;

• StoreandprotectStructuralBackfillMaterialsfrominclementweatherduringconstruction.

OrganicMaterials

ProposedWallLocation

ReinforcedBackfillZone

StakesGrass

• CompactSubBaseto95%StandardProctorDensityorgreater;

• RemoveanyOrganicorpoorsoilsintheSubBaseandreplacewithproperStructuralFillMaterialsbeforecompacting.

CompactorTrenchWidth+/-3.0ft

SubBase

• ExcavateandprepareSubBaseLevelingPadTrench6”belowfirstcourse;

• LevelingPadrenchisapproximately2.5’to3’wide;

• NormalwallBurialDepthorEmbedmentDepthis6”to12”oroneblock;

• Excavatecutlinetoa2to1slopeorgreater;

• Backofwallexcavationdepthintothebankshouldbe12”beyondthebackoftheSubBaseLevelingTrench.

BackofWallExcavationDepth

ExcavatedMaterials

EmbedmentDepth SubBase

RetainedSoil

LevelingPadTrench

ExcavationCutLine

Step 3: Sub Base Compaction

Step 2: Excavation

Step 1: PlanningGravity Wall

CompactedGravelLevelingPad


• CompacttheGravelLevelingPadto95%StandardProctorDensityorgreater;

• CorrectMoistureContentinthegravelwillhelpinreachingpropercompaction.

WellGradedGravelApprox+/-6”Deep

RakeforRoughGrading

• PlaceWellGradedGravel(alsoknownasRoadBaseAggregates)ontopoffabricinthelevelingpadtrenchapproximately6”deep;

• Roughgradegravelwitharakeclosetofinishbaseelevation.

BaseStabilizationFabric

TrenchDepth6”LevelingPadTrench

• (Optional)place5’to6’wideBaseStabilizationFabricontopoflevelingpadtrench;

• BaseStabilizationFabricswillhelppreventsubbasematerialsfrommixingwiththegravelbaselevelingpadduringcompaction;

• FabricalsoprovidesextraStructuralBearingStabilitytothebaselevelingpad.

Step 6: Compact Leveling Pad

Step 5: Rough Leveling Pad

Step 4: Base StabilizationGravity Wall

• Placefirst3’longScreedPipeacrossthetrenchatoneendofthewalloratthelowestelevation;

• Scratchatrenchforthepipeinthecompactedgravelwithachippinghammer;

• Usea2’levelorLaserLeveltosetthescreedpipetotheproperlevel.Addgravelunderneathandaroundscreedpipetosupportwhileleveling;

• Placethesecondscreedpipeacrossthetrenchapproximately9’fromthefirstscreedpipe.Levelthesecondscreedpipetothesameelevationasthefirstscreedpipebyusinga4’levelontopofaScreedBoard,StraightEdgeorwithaLaserLevel;


ScreedBoardorStraightEdge

ScreedPipe

4”Level 2”Level

• ScreedthegravellevelingpadwithaScreedBoardorStraightEdgeacrossthetrenchontopoftwoscreedpipes;

• ThecoarserthegravelthemorebackandforththescreedingactionwhendrawingtheScreedacrossthelevelingpad;

• Toomuchpressureonthescreedstraightedgemaydislodgethelevelofthescreedpipeswhilescreeding;

• Asecondscreedpassmaybeneededtoinsureanaccuratelevelhasbeenachieved;

• Continuetoscreedthelevelingpaduntilcompletingthefulllengthofthetrenchoruptothefirstelevationchange.


ScreedBoardorStraightEdge

ScreedPipe

• Continuingonfromthepreviousstep,placeandlevelscreedpipesthefulllengthofthetrenchlevelingpadoruntilreachingabaseelevationchange.

• PlaceorremoveextraWellGradedGravel(alsoknownasRoadBaseAggregates)leveltothetopofthescreedpipesasneeded;

• (Ifmorethan1½inchesofloosegravelisadded,repeatthecompactionstepsagainbeforescreeding).


ExtraGravel

ScreedPipe

ScreedPipe

Step 9: Screeding Leveling Pad

Step 8: Extra Gravel

Step 7: Level Screed PipesGravity Wall

LevelingPad

SecureLugsRemoved

• MiraStoneTMbaseunitswillhavetheSecureLugsremovedbeforeplacingonthelevelingpad;

• Placeeachunitontopofthelevelingpadinsuchawayasnottodisturbthelevelgravel.

BaseUnitswithSecureLugsRemoved

SteelStakewithStringLineAttached

• Removethescreedpipesfromthelevelingpad;

• PlaceasteelstakeorMiraStoneTMunitateitherendofthelevelingpadtoestablishthebackofthefirstcourseofunits;

• SecuretightlyastringlinetothestakesorMiraStoneTMunitsateitherendwhichwillprovidetheguidetolineupthebackofeachbaseunit;

• ThedistanceofthestringlinebetweenthesteelstakesorMiraStoneTMunitsmayvaryduetoheavywinds.

LevelFronttoBack

LevelUnittoUnit

RubberMallet

• Unitsarelaidsnugtogetherandparalleltothestraightorcurvedline;

• Arubbermalletshouldbeusedifunitheightandalignmentadjustmentisneeded;

• Useashort2’leveltomakesuretheunitsarelevelfronttoback;

• Usea4’leveltomakesuretheunitsarelevelunittounitalongthelengthofthewall;

• CorrectbatterandstraighthorizontallinesinthecompletedMiraStoneTMwalldependontheaccuracyofthebaselevelingpadandunits.

Step 12: Level Units

Step 11: Lay First Course

Step 10: Remove SecurelugsGravity Wall

ImpermeableMaterial

ImpermeableMaterial

ToeofWall

HandCompactor

HollowCore

• Backfillbehind,infront(toeofwall)andinthehollowcoresoftheunitswithImpermeableMaterialsuptothedesiredlevelofthePerforatedDrainPipeortothetopofthefirstcourse;

• Compacttheimpermeablematerialsbehind,infrontandinthehollowcoresoftheunits;

• Sweepthetopoftheunitscleanofallrockanddirtbeforeplacingthenextcourseofunits;

• Sweepingshouldcreatea1 ⁄ 2”voidinthecoretoaccommodatetheSecureLug’sinterlock.

BurialDepth

CompacttheBackfillMaterialsBeforeInsertingDrainageGravel

6”Lifts

• PlaceandcompactBackfillMaterialsinmaximumLiftsof6”.

• Liftsmaybelessinheightthan6",dependingonthetypeofsoilorsizeofequipment;

• Backfillmaterialswillbeplaced6”to12”behindtheunitsallowingforClearCrushDrainGravel(AngularAggregatesfreeoffines)betweentheMiraStoneTMunitsandcompactedbackfillmaterials;

• ByaddingClearCrushDrainGravel(AngularAggregatefreeoffines)aftercompactionofBackfillMaterials,thiswillpreventunduepressureagainstthewallwhichcancausetheunitstomoveoutofalignment;

• Eachliftshouldbecompactedto95%StandardProctororgreater;

• ThecorrectMoistureContentintheBackfillMaterialswillhelpinreachingproperCompactionDensity.

• PerforatedDrainPipeshouldhaveadequateslopetodrainwaterintherightdirectiontowardseachDrainPipeOutlet;

• DrainPipeOutletcanbeevery30or50feet;

• PerforatedDrainPipecanbeaSockWrappedsystemtohelppreventfinesfrommigratingintothepipe.

DrainPipeOutlet

Slope

Slope

Cut4"SquareOutofBottom–CornerStoneTM

Step 15: Backfill

Step 14: Drain Pipe Outlet

Step 13: Impermeable FillGravity Wall

• ClearCrushDrainGravel(AngularAggregatesfreeoffines)isplacedinthehollowcoresand6”to12”behindthewallunitsaftercompactionoftheBackfillMaterials.Thiswillpreventunduepressureagainstthewallwhichcancausetheunitstomoveoutofalignment;

• ClearCrushDrainGraveldoesnotneedtobecompacted;

• SweepthetopoftheMiraStoneTM unitscleanofallrockanddirtbeforeplacingthenextcourses;

• MakesuretheClearCrushDrainGraveldirectlybehindthewallunitsisplacedflushtothetopoftheunits;

• MakesuretheBackfillMaterialsareaswellcompactedandlevelaspossible.

ReinforcedBackfillMaterials

Course3 ClearCrushDrainGravelPlacedFlushtoTopofUnits

Broom

• Continuetoinstalleachcourseofunitsfollowingthesamestepsasabove;

• InstallandcompactBackfillMaterialsin6”liftsuntilwalliscomplete;

• GroutaroundDrainPipeOutlettopreventClearCrushDrainGravelorDrainageAggregates(AngularAggregatesfreeoffines)frommigrating.

GroutAroundDrainPipeOutlet

PerforatedDrainPipe

ClearCrushDrainGravelCourse3

Step 17: Continue Installation

Step 16: Drainage GravelGravity Wall

• CompletethetopofthewallwithMiraStoneTMcapunits;

• Properlysecurethecapunitsusinga ConcreteAdhesive;

• Makesureallunitsarefreeofdirtandstonesbeforeinstallingthecaps;

• PlaceasolidbeadofConcreteAdhesivearoundthetopofeachMiraStoneTMunit.

• Placeabeadofadhesivebetweeneachjointofthecapunits.

CapUnit ConcreteAdhesive

*Final determination of the suitability of the contemplated use, and its manner of use are the sole responsibility of the user

• Insurethatfinalgradingisdoneontopandbottomofthewall;

• Makesuretoprotectnewlyplacedplantingsoilfromerosionduringheavyrainsorsurfacerunoff;

• PleaseNote:Finaldeterminationofthesuitabilityofthecontemplateduse,anditsmannerofusearethesoleresponsibilityoftheuser.

GrassGrass DrainPipeOutlet

PlantingSoil

• Placea6ftwideSoilSeparatingFilterFabricontopofthebackfillanddrainagegravelandagainstthebackofthelastunitsbeforeplacingtheplantingsoils;

• ThefabricwillpreventplantingsoilfinesfromstainingthefaceofthewallandmigratingintotheClearCrushDrainGravel(AngularAggregatefreeoffines).

SoilSeparatingFilterFabric

BackfillMaterial

DrainageGravel

Step 20: Final Grading

Step 19: Soil Separation Fabric

Step 18: CappingGravity Wall

Geogrid Reinforced Wall

reating a MiraStoneTM reinforced wall system involves the use of geogrids for reinforcement. MiraStoneTM walls 4.0ft (1.2m) and taller will automatically have active pressures because of their height. Walls smaller than 4.0ft (1.2m) may also require geogrid reinforcement depending on other related factors. Parking lots, roadways, or positive slopes above walls for example, require the use of reinforcement to help resist the increased pressure behind the wall. Geogrid used with the appropriate lengths, layers, and compacted backfill materials will resist these active forces above and behind the wall. For walls 4.0 ft and taller a qualified engineer should be consulted.


CorrectGeogridOrientation

• ExcavateandprepareSubBaseLevelingTrench6”belowfirstcourse;

• LevelingPadTrenchisapproximately2.5’to3’wide;

• NormalwallBurialDepthorEmbedmentDepth is6”to12”oroneblock(formoreinformationrefertodesignmanual);

• Excavatecutlinetoa2to1slopeorgreater;

• BackofwallexcavationdepthintothebankatthebaseofthewallshouldbefromthefaceofwalltothedesignedlengthofGeogrid.LevelingPad

TrenchBackofWallExcavationDepth

ExcavationCutLine

ExcavatedMaterials

EmbedmentDepth SubBase

RetainedSoil

• Cut GeogridReinforcementtolengthspecifiedindesign;

• GeogridsaremanufacturedintwodirectionsUni-axialorBi-axial.Uni-axialgridhasonedirectionofstrengthandthatdirectionhastobeorientedperpendicularlytothefaceofthewallduringinstallation.Bi-axialgridcanbelaidintwodirections,perpendicularandlengthwisetothefaceofwall(ensurethatthelengthwisedirectionisstillinaccordancetothelengthspecifiedbytheEngineer’sdesign);

• Correctgeogridorientation,strengthandlengthiscrucialtothesuccessofthewallproject;

• Eachgeogridlengthshouldbelaidparallelandadjacenttoeachotherbutneveroverlapping.

GeogridReinforcement

GeogridStrengthOrientation

GeogridReinforcementCutinLengthsDesignedbyEngineer

Step 2: Cut Geogrid

Step 1: PlanningGeogrid Reinforced Wall

• PlacethegeogridasfarforwardontheMiraStoneTMunitsaspossiblewithoutrevealingitontheface;

• PlacethenextcourseofMiraStoneTMunitsontopofthelowerunitsandgeogridatahalfbond;

• ThetwoSecureLugswillfitsecurelyintothehollowcoresofthetwounitsbelowandlockthegeogridintothegravelcore;

• PulltheunitforwardtoengageandaligntheSecureLugs;

• CompletetheinstallationofunitsontheGeogridReinforcedcourses;

• Makesureeachunitisinstalledagainstthenextunit,leavingnogapsbetweenunitjoints;

• TensionthegeogridinsuchawayasNOTtodisturbthealignmentoftheupperunits;

• Usestakesorbackfillmaterialstomaintainthetensionduringbackfilling;

• Donotdriveequipmentdirectlyontopofgeogrid.

• BackfillandCompacttheReinforcedZonebyplacingmaterialsfromthebackofthewalltowardstheendofthegeogrid;

• Installdrainagegravelinthecoresand6”to12”behindtheunitsafterplacingandcompactingbackfillmaterials;

• InstallandcompactBackfillMaterialsin6”liftsuntilwalliscomplete.

TensionedGeogrid StakesPlacedtoMaintainGeogridTension

DrainPipeOutlet 6”Lifts ReinforcedZone

ClearCrushDrainGravel

GeogridElevationsSettoEngineerDesign

Step 4: Reinforced Backfill

Step 3: Lay GeogridGeogrid Reinforced Wall

MiraStone™ Wall Details

his section provides detailed, illustrated step-by-step instructions for using MiraStoneTM to construct wall details including: inside curves, outside curves, elevation changes, and both inside and outside corners.

Curves, corners and elevation changes are the portions of a wall project that adapt to the specifics of the site and the needs of its users. Correct construction and professional completion of these wall details greatly enhances the visual appeal of the finished project and avoids the time and costs associated with improper installation.


• Thetopoftheinstalledbaseunitwillbeusedtoestablishthestepupgravellevelingpadelevation;

• Makesuretobackfillandcompactthegravelinandaroundthelastunitofthefirstcourse;

• Finishedgradeofthelevelingpadshouldbean1/8”to1/4”abovetopoffirstcourseunitstoallowforasmallamountofsettlement;

• Repeattheabovescreedingstepsonthesecondelevationgravellevelingpad;

• Placethefirstunitonthesecondcourseatahalfbondontopoflast&secondlastofthefirstcourseunits;

• Thetwo SecureLugswillfitintothehollowcoresofthetwounitsbelow.Toalignthewall,placeastringlineatthebackoftheunitsforastraightwallorplaceaPVCpipeforacurvedwall;

• Pullupperunitforwardtoengageandalignunits;

• Thebatterorsetbackwillbe1/2”/unit(4.5degreeor1”/verticalfoot)forMiraStoneTM;

• Placethesecondunithalfonthelastunitandhalfonthesecondgravellevelingpad.EnsurethattheSecureLug isremovedonthelevelingpadsideoftheunit.

TopofBaseUnit BaseLevelingPadFirstUnitSecondCourse

CornerUnit

CappingUnitsAttachedwithConcreteAdhesive

SecondUnitOne~SecureLugRemoved ThirdUnit~BothSecureLugsRemoved

WellCompacted

Step 1: Base Elevation ChangesBase Elevation Changes

WorkLeft WorkRight

StartCenterofCurve

CenterofCurve

+/-3"(75mm)BackfillMaterialsBetweenGeogridOverlaps

DoNotOverlapGeogridonMiraStone®Units

PVCFlexPipe

FirstCourse

SmallerRadius LargerRadius

MinConvexRadius3.6'(1.1m

)

WingsRemoved• Ifpossible,startbuildingacurvefromthecenter

andworkleftandrightthroughthecurve;

• UsePVCFlexPipestocreatesmoothandaccurateConvexcurves;

• Usethebackoftheunitforalignment;

• RemoveoneorbothMiraStoneTMwingswhenbuildingaConvexcurve;

• Buildeachcourseofunitsbystartingatthesameplaceandthesamebondasthelastcourse;

• Convexcurveshaveaslightincreaseinbatterorsetbacktothestandard1/2”forMiraStoneTM;

• ThetallerthewallthelargertheConvexfirstcourseneedstobe.Theradiusofeachadditionalcoursewillbeslightlysmallerthanthelowercourse;

• MiraStoneTMminimumConcavecurveisapproximately3.6footradius.

• Eachgeogridlengthshouldbelaidperpendicularlytothewallface;

• GeogridshouldnotoverlapontheMiraStoneTMunits;

• Correctgeogridorientation,strengthandlengthiscrucialtothesuccessofthewallproject.

Step 1: Convex First CourseConvex/Outside Curves

Step 2: Convex Geogrid Curve

• Ifpossible,startbuildingacurvefromthecenterandworkleftandrightthroughthecurve;

• UsePVCFlexPipestocreatesmoothandaccurateConcavecurves;

• Usethebackoftheunitforalignment;

• Buildeachcourseofunitsbystartingatthesameplaceandthesamebondasthelastcourse;

• Concavecurveshaveaslightincreaseinbatterorsetbacktothestandard5/8”;

• ThetallerthewallthesmallertheConcavefirstcourseneedstobe.Theradiusofeachadditionalcoursewillbeslightlylargerthanthelowercourse;

• MiraStoneTMminimumConcavecurveisapproximately3.6footradius.



• Toensure100%coverage,placeasecondlayerofgeogridcenteredtotheunreinforcedtrianglezoneonecourseabovethemaingeogridlayer;


StartCenterofCurve

UnreinforcedTriangleZone

MainGeogridLayer

CenterofCurve

WorkLeft WorkRight

GeogridPlacedatCentertoUnreinforcedTriangleZone

SecondaryGeogridLayer

SmallerRadius LargerRadius

PVCFlexPipe

FirstCourse

Step 2: Concave Geogrid Curve

Step 1: Concave First CourseConcave/Inside Curves

MinConvexRadius

3.0'(0.9m)

• Usea90°Cornerunittobuildanoutsidecorner;

• Placethefirst90°Cornerunitonthebaselevelingpadtostarttheoutsidecorner;

• Placeaunitoneithersideagainstthe90°Cornerunit;

• ContinuetolaytheCornerStone®basecourseoneithersideofthecorneruntilfirstcourseiscompleted;

• Flipandturnthesecondcourse90°Corneroverlappingtheshortsideandhalfofthebaseunit.Thisunitshouldbepushedback1/2”toachievepropersetback;

• ContinuetolaythesecondMiraStoneTMcourseoneithersideofthecorneruntilsecondcourseiscompleted;

• The90°Cornerscanbegluedorconcretecorefilledtoensureapropercoursetocourseoutsidecornerinterlock.



• Laythe1stgeogridcornersectionperpendicularlytoonesideofthecorner;

• Laythe2ndgeogridsectionperpendicularlytotheothersideofthecornerbutnotoverlappingthe1stgeogridsection;

• Laythesecondarygeogridlayeronecourseaboveandperpendiculartothelowermaingeogridlayerdirectionalstrength;


FirstCourse SecondCourse

90°Corner 90°CornerFlippedandTurned

ThirdCourse~SameasFirstCourse

SecondGeogridCornerSection

SecondGeogridCornerSection

GeogridLayersShouldNotOverlap

MainGeogridLayer

FirstGeogridCornerSection

90°Corner

1/2"Setback

AdhesiveCanbeAppliedtoCornerUnits

AdhesiveCanbeAppliedtoCornerUnits

Step 2: Convex Geogrid Curve

Step 1: Outside First CourseOutside Corner

FirstGeogridSection

FirstGeogridSection:

SecondGeogridSection

Height/4OverlapThroughtheBackfill

1/2"

• PlacethesecondunitatrightangleandcenteredtothefirstMiraStoneTM baseunit.Continuetoinstallthebaseunitsrightandleftofthefirstinsidecornerunits;

• Placethesecondunitatrightangleandcenteredtothe1stunitonthesecondcourse;

• Makesuresecondcourseunitsareplacedata1/2”setbacktothelowerinsidecorner;

• Continuetoinstalltheunitsleftandrightoftheinsidecornertocompletethesecondcourseofthewall;

• Repeattheabovestepbystepinstallationuntilthewallheightiscompletedoruntilreachingthefirstgeogridlayer.



• Laythe1stgeogridcornersectionperpendicularlytoonesideofthecornerandoverlaph/4throughthebackfill(HeightofWall÷4);

• Laythe2ndgeogridsectionperpendicularlytothe1stgeogrid;

• Laythesecondgeogridlayerperpendicularlyandoverlaph/4throughthebackfilloppositetothefirstgeogridlayer;

• Theh/4overlapwillalternatelayertolayertoproperlysecuretheinsidecorner;


SecondCourseStaggered1/2”

SecondBaseUnitCentered

FirstBaseUnit

SecondUnitCentered

First

SecondGeogridLayer: SecondGeogridSection

Step 2: Inside Geogrid Corner

Step 1: Inside First CourseInside Corner

MiraStone™ Stair Details

roper installation of stairs in a wall project requires the same care and thoroughness as the creation of the wall itself. MiraStone’s design features, including the hollow core and SecureLug, simplify the process and provide installers with a range of options to create stairs that are striking and unique. This section provides illustrated step-by-step instructions for using MiraStoneTM to construct stair details.


FirstCourseBuried

• Whenbuildingsteps,exercisethesamecareusedintypicalwallconstruction;

• Preparethesub-baseandbaselevelingpadbyfollowingMiraStoneTMGravityWallInstallationSteps1to9;

• Buildeachstepinsequencewitheachcourseoftheregularwallunitsforbestresultsofwalltostepinterlock.

GravelFilledWallUnits

BackfillandCompact

FirstCourseBuried

HollowCoreStepUnits

• MiraStoneTM firstbaseunitswillhavetheSecureLugsremovedbeforeplacingonthelevelingpad;

• Firstcourseofstepunitswillbetotallyburied;

• Backfillbehindthefirstcourseunitswithgravel,thencompactandlevelflushtothetopofthefirstcourse;

• Donotfillthestepunits’hollowcoreswithgravelifyouplantouseconcrete.

SecondCourseWallUnits

BacktoBackUnits

HalfBond

• Placethesecondcourseofunitsontopofthebaseunits;

• Placeasecondrowofunitsbacktobackbehindthesecondcourseofunitsonhalfbond;

• Backfillbehindthesecondcourseofunitswithgravel,thencompactandlevelflushtothetopofthesecondcourse;

• Donotfillthestepunits’hollowcoreswithgravelifyouplantouseconcrete.

Step 3: Lay Second Course

Step 2: Lay First Course

Step 1: Base Leveling PadStair Details

StairTread

BackfillandCompact

BackfillandCompactBehindUnits

• PlacethethirdcourseofunitsonthelowerbackwardfacingunitswiththeSecureLugsplacedintothe2hollowcoresofthelowerunitsonhalfbond;

• PulltheunitsforwardtolocktheSecureLugsintothelowerbackwardunits;

• Thethirdcourseunitswillbeinaforwardbatterapproximately1.5inchleaving10.5inchesexposedonthefrontfirststep;

• Placeasecondrowofunitsbacktobackbehindthethirdcourseofunitsonhalfbond.

• Continuetoinstalleachcourseofstepunitsfollowingthesamestepsasabove;

• Thetopandfinalstepdoesnotneedbackwardunits.

ThirdCourse

1.5”ForwardBatter

90°CornerSecureLugInterlock

Step 5: Continue Installation

Step 4: Lay Third CourseStair Details

ConcreteCoreFillAllStepUnits

GravelFilledWallUnits

BackfillandCompactBehindUnits

FourthCourse

TypicalWallConstruction

• Concretefillingthecoresofallthestepunitswillprovideforgreaterstairstability;

• Concretecorefillflushtothetopoftheunits;

• Useasteelbartohandvibratethecorestoinsureproperfilling;

• Option:Unitcorescanbefilledwithgravelbutmustbewellcompacted.

• MiraStoneTM12inchdeepcapunitscanbeusedasastairtread;

• Option:Pavers,PatioSlabsorNaturalStonecanalsobeusedasastairtread.

StairReturnsWallsNearVertical

1.5”Overhang

12”(300mm)Tread

6”(150mm)Riser

ConcreteAdhesive

StairTreadCaps

Step 7: Stair Treads

Step 6: Concrete Core StepsStair Details


3”(76mm)Cap

• The12inchcapwilloverhangthestepunitsbyapproximately1.5inchoneachstep;

• Theriserwillbeafull6inchesusingtheaboveinstallation;

• Properlysecurethecapunitsusingaconcreteadhesive;

• Makesureallunitsarefreeofdirtandstonesbeforeinstalling;

• Placeabeadofadhesivebetweeneachjointofthecaps.6"Riserx12"Tread

• Lowerriserscanbemadesuchas6”or7”byloweringtheburiedunits1to2inchesbelowthetopofthebackwardburiedunit;

• Largertreadscanbecreatedbymovingtheburiedunitsbackofftheforwardstepcourse3to4inchestocreatea15to16inchtread;

• Avarietyofriserheightsandtreadlengthscanbecreatedtosuityourproject.


BackwardsBuriedUnits

ConcreteBetweenUnits

1.5”Overhang

Step 9: Lower Step Risers

Step 8: 8” Riser Cross SectionStair Details

12”(300mm)Tread

15”(380mm)Tread

6”(150mm)Riser

6”(150mm)Riser

6"Riserx15"Tread

MiraStone™ Pillar Details

illars add a finishing touch of elegance to any MiraStoneTM wall project. They can be used to create distinguished entranceways to any residence or business and the unit’s hollow cores greatly simplify the placement of lighting in the pillars. This section provides simple instructions for the creation of a 27" pillar.


• CompletethepillarwithaPillarCap;

• SecurethePillarCapwithaconcreteadhesive*Pillar cap approximately 32” (508mm) .

• PlacesecondcourseoftheMiraStoneTM90°Cornerunitsdirectlyontopofthefirstcourse;

• Flipandturnthesecondcoursecornerunitsupsidedowntocreateanoverlappingbond;

• ClearCrushDrainGravel (AngularAggregatesfreeoffines)shouldbeplacedinthecoresandmiddleofpillar(concretecorefillingoptional)useadryconcretemixtopreventleachingofcement;

• ConcreteAdhesiveshouldbeappliedtoallunitstoensurecoursetocourseinterlock.

LevelingPad

BaseStablizationFabric

ConcreteAdhesive

27”

27”

• RepeatStep1andStep2untildesiredheightofpillarhasbeenreached.

PillarCap32”

FlipandTurn

OverlappingBondsonEachCourse

GravelFilledCores

• ExcavateandprepareyourSubBaseLevelingPad;

• Installlevelingpadofwellgradedgravel(alsoknownasroadbaseaggregates)aminimumof8"(200mm)thickand40"(1000mm)square.Compactto95%standardproctordensity

• Installthefirst4cornerunitsperpendicularandsquaretoeachother;

• Ensurefirstbasecourseislevelandsquaretocenterofpad;

• Burythefirstcoursecompletelyforstability.

Compactto95%StandardProctorDensity

SubBaseLevelingPad14”BelowFinishedGrade

MiraStoneTM 8”90°CornerUnit :6"Heightx18"Widthx9"Depth(152Hx457Wx229mmD)

Weight:65lbs(29kgs)

Step 3: Additional Course

Step 2: Second Course

Step 1: Leveling Pad27" Pillar

Step 4: Completion

Estimating Charts

he soil friction angle in these charts is used to calculate the pressure soil will have on a MiraStoneTM Geogrid reinforced wall. This guide outlines 26, 30 & 34 degree friction angle soil types. Additionally, three different top-of-wall load conditions are used in each of the soil types i.e. no surcharge load, 100 psf load and a 4 to 1 slope.

The assumed weight for the three soil types is approximately 120 lb/ft3 (19kN/m3). A well graded gravel

leveling pad with a minimum of 1 (6”) unit of burial is assumed for base sliding resistance. All sub base,

leveling pad and backfill materials should be compacted to a minimum of 95% Standard Proctor.

The MiraStone™ concrete SecureLug has a built in batter or set back of 4.5 degrees or 1”/vertical foot

of wall. For more specific soil analysis refer to ourwebsite, or consult a qualified engineer.

These preliminary design charts are used by owner, designer, architect and installer to calculate

construction cost only and are not for construction purposes. A qualified engineer should be consulted

for a final construction design.

Geogridsaremeshestypicallymadeofaregularpatternoftensileelementsusuallymadeofafairlyrigidtypeofplastic.Theseareusedtostrengthenfillmaterialsingeotechnicalapplications.Theyprovideincreasedshearstrengthbetweensoilstratainterfaces.Theirtensilestrengthcanpreventordecreasethedegreeofdifferentialsettlementinsomeapplicationssuchasbeneathstructuresorroadsbytransmittingtheloadoverabroaderareaofsoil,therebydiminishingtheverticalstress—andsubsequentcompression—inthesoil.

Geogrid Reinforced Cross Section

by CORNERSTONE®MiraStone™

FrogStoneCase A & B

FrogStoneCase E

4’0”

4’3” 4’0”

5’0”

4’3”

4’3”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

7’0”

4’3”

4’0”

5’0”

4’0”

4’3”

5’9”

4’3”

4’6”

6’6”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

8’0”

5’3”

4’0”

4’3”

4’0”

4’3”

5’6”

4’9”

5’0”

6’6”

5’9”

5’9”

6’3”

7’9”

4’9”

ExposedHgtwo/cap 2'0" 3'0" 4'0" 5'0" 6'0" 8'0" GridSqYdperLnFt 0.000 0.472 0.917 1.000 1.583 2.694 #BlockperLnFt 3.75 5.25 6.75 8.25 9.75 12.75 #CapperLnFt .75 .75 .75 .75 .75 .75

FrogStoneCase A & B

FrogStoneCase E

4’0”

4’3” 4’0”

5’0”

4’3”

4’3”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

7’0”

4’3”

4’0”

5’0”

4’0”

4’3”

5’9”

4’3”

4’6”

6’6”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

8’0”

5’3”

4’0”

4’3”

4’0”

4’3”

5’6”

4’9”

5’0”

6’6”

5’9”

5’9”

6’3”

7’9”

4’9”


FrogStoneCase A & B

FrogStoneCase E

4’0”

4’3” 4’0”

5’0”

4’3”

4’3”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

7’0”

4’3”

4’0”

5’0”

4’0”

4’3”

5’9”

4’3”

4’6”

6’6”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

8’0”

5’3”

4’0”

4’3”

4’0”

4’3”

5’6”

4’9”

5’0”

6’6”

5’9”

5’9”

6’3”

7’9”

4’9”


DO NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION • FOR PRELIMINARY ESTIMATION ONLYTheabovechartsareintendedforpreliminaryestimationonlyandalldesignsmustbereviewedbyaprofessionalengineer.Useofthechartsarethesoleresponsibilityoftheuser.CornerStoneWallSolutionsInc.assumesnoliabilityforimproperuseofthecharts.

Case A: Flat At Top & Bottom Of Wall - No Surcharge26° Soil

Case B: Flat At Top & Bottom Of Wall - 100 PSf Surcharge

Case C: 4/1 Slope at Top- flat Bottom

High Plastic Silts and Clays

ApproximateEquivalentGeogrids:SRW:3Series,Strata:SG150,Synteen:SF20,Mirafi:2XT,Tensar:BX1200,Luckenhaus/Raugrid:3/3-20,Huesker/Fortrac:35/20-20

FrogStoneCase A & B

FrogStoneCase E

4’0”

4’0” 4’0”

4’6”

4’3”

4’3”

5’0”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

6’3”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

5’0”

4’3”

4’3”

5’6”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

6’9”

4’3”

4’0”

4’0” 4’0”

4’9”

4’3”

4’3”

5’6”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

6’9”

4’0”


FrogStoneCase A & B

FrogStoneCase E

4’0”

4’0” 4’0”

4’6”

4’3”

4’3”

5’0”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

6’3”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

5’0”

4’3”

4’3”

5’6”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

6’9”

4’3”

4’0”

4’0” 4’0”

4’9”

4’3”

4’3”

5’6”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

6’9”

4’0”


FrogStoneCase A & B

FrogStoneCase E

4’0”

4’0” 4’0”

4’6”

4’3”

4’3”

5’0”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

6’3”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

5’0”

4’3”

4’3”

5’6”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

6’9”

4’3”

4’0”

4’0” 4’0”

4’9”

4’3”

4’3”

5’6”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

6’9”

4’0”



Sandy Silts and Clays



DO NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION • FOR PRELIMINARY ESTIMATION ONLYTheabovechartsareintendedforpreliminaryestimationonlyandalldesignsmustbereviewedbyaprofessionalengineer.

Useofthechartsarethesoleresponsibilityoftheuser.CornerStoneWallSolutionsInc.assumesnoliabilityforimproperuseofthecharts.


FrogStoneCase A & B

FrogStoneCase E

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’3”

4’3”

4’9”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’3”

4’3”

4’3”

4’9”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

6’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0” 4’0”

4’3”

4’3”

4’3”

5’0”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

6’3”

4’0”


FrogStoneCase A & B

FrogStoneCase E

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’3”

4’3”

4’9”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’3”

4’3”

4’3”

4’9”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

6’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0” 4’0”

4’3”

4’3”

4’3”

5’0”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

6’3”

4’0”


FrogStoneCase A & B

FrogStoneCase E

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’3”

4’3”

4’9”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’3”

4’3”

4’3”

4’9”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

6’0”

4’0”

4’0”

4’0” 4’0”

4’3”

4’3”

4’3”

5’0”

5’9”

5’9”

5’9”

6’3”

4’0”



Sandy Gravel



DO NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION • FOR PRELIMINARY ESTIMATION ONLYTheabovechartsareintendedforpreliminaryestimationonlyandalldesignsmustbereviewedbyaprofessionalengineer.Useofthechartsarethesoleresponsibilityoftheuser.CornerStoneWallSolutionsInc.assumesnoliabilityforimproperuseofthecharts.



WALL SOLUTIONSCornerStone® a DDr eSS:

Cornerstone® Wall Solutions Inc.

803-1625 Manitoba Street • Vancouver, BC

V5Y 0B8 • Canada

phone & em a il:

Toll Free: 1-800-939-9193

Phone: 604-939-7999

Email: [email protected]

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