AN OVERVIEW OFENGINEERING GEOLOGY

Dr. Adly Kh. Al-SaafinEngg. / Env. Geology

KFUPM-Dhahran

QuartzPyroxene

Clay

Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

Rocks

DunesSabkhas

PlateTectonic

Water TableGroundwater

EarthquakeVolcano

flood

Rock Cycle

FaultsFolds

Domes

Weathering

MineralsRocksSoils

Foundation

Rock / Soil. Characterization

Site Investigation

Engg./Env. Projects

TunnelsRoads

RailroadsBuilding

Physiographic Features

Engineering Geology & Engg./Environmental Applications

Engineering Geology & Engg./Environmental Applications

Engineering Geology & Engg./Environmental Applications

Engineering Geology & Engg./Environmental Applications

Engineering Geology & Engineering Applications

Engineering Geology & Core Logging

OUTLINEOUTLINE WHAT IS ENGINEERING GEOLOGY? HISTORY OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY. ENGINEERING GEOLOGY & OTHER SCIENCES. STAGES OF AN ENGINEERING PROJECT WAYS OF THINKING TYPICAL SPECIALIZATIONS! WHY ENGINEERING GEOLOGY? ENGINEERING GEOLOGIST RESPONSIBILITIES. WHAT WILL YOU LEARN BY THE END OF THIS

COURSE?

ASPECTS OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY ENGINEERING GEOLOGIST FUNCTION

WHAT IS ENGINEERING GEOLOGY?

Engineering geology is the application of geological knowledge to the siting, planning, and construction of the engineering works.

Engineering geology is a hybrid science mainly consists of two majors: Geology and Engineering.

Geology & Civil Engineering

GEOLOGY: is defined as the science dealing with physical nature, history of earth, the rock of which it is composed, and the changes which it has undergone or is undergoing.

GEOLOGIST builds his conclusions on observations and intuitive reasoning.

ENGINEERING: is a science concerned with putting scientific knowledge to practical uses.

ENGINEER measures properties and applies mathematical relationships to reach his conclusion

Engineering Geology

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY has attempted to fill the philosophical gap in the evaluation of geological phenomenon and defining the geological environment for the purpose of engineering works. ENGINEERING GEOLOGOST: is a scientist who

applies the geological knowledge to engineering practice. (e.g. assuring that the geologic factors affecting the location, design, construction operation, and maintenance of engineering works are recognized and adequately provided for).

HISTORY OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

In 1903, Charles Brky had introduced the first Engineering Geologycourse in Columbia University. In the 1940s, engineering geologic activities have been utilized by public agency (USGS, USBR) in many projects.

1950 - 1970s; Many workers in the US and UK were defined as the principle foundation of Engineering Geology, and tried to introduce engineering geology as a well recognized and acceptable science in many universities.

1972/1973; Field and responsibilities of Geologist, Civil Engineerand Engineering Geologist has been defined (California State Board of Registration for Geologists and Geophysics, US and Engineering Geological Group Party, UK).

1970 - present, Engineering Geology stands as a well-defined science and served in several engineering & environmental works.

Development of

Geosciences

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND OTHER PERTINENT SCIENCES

ENGINEERIGGEOLOGY

ROCKENGINEERING

APPLIEDGEOMORPHOLOGY GEOCHEMISTRY

APPLIEDHYDROGEOLOGY

GEOLOGICPROCESSES

STRUCTURALGEOLOGY

SOILENGINEERING

ENGINEERINGGEOPHYSICS

STAGES OF ENGINEERING PROJECT

Engineering Geologist Civil Engineer

SITE SELECTION STAGE

DESIGNING STAGE

CONSTRUCTION STAGE

MAINTENANCE OF ENG. WORKS

WAYS OF THINKING !

ENGINEER

Precise, specific analysis, rigorous

calculations, quantitative.

Answers from theory.

GEOLOGIST

Empirical, rule of thumb,

intuitive, qualitative.

Answers from experience.

Engineering Geologist

GeotechnicalEngineer

GeologicalEngineer

After W. Shehat, 2003

Typical Specializations !

GEOLOGY ENGINEERING

Ways ofsolving

problems

Areas ofknowledge

Theoretical

Empirical

TypicalEngineering

Geologist

TypicalGeologicalEngineer

T

y

p

i

c

a

l

G

e

o

t

e

c

h

n

i

c

a

l

E

n

g

i

n

e

e

r

After W. Shehat, 2003

WHY ENGINEERING GEOLOGY?Engineering geology becomes more important by time because the available building sites become less ideal as time goes on..

In most cities and towns, the best building sites were used longago. Notice Notice how old buildings have sites within possible flooding zone, within active (inactive) EQ, Volcanic zones, above water table..Recently, new projects require more careful geologic study and better design because of problems like poor foundation materials, high water tables, and poor drainage. Notice:Notice: you are in the eastern and western parts of Saudi Arabia, how many new houses are being built on reclaimed wetlands and streams or on jointed rocky areas.

Most of these sites require some foundation preparation.

PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGIST

1. SELECTION OF SUITABLE SITES FOR ENGINEERING PROJECTS.

2. DESCRIBTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOLOGIC ENVIRONMENT PERTINENT TO THE ENGINEERING PROJECT (SOIL, ROCK, WATER CONDITIONS).

3. DEFINE OF NATURAL HAZARDS EVENTS THAT MAY AFFECTING THE ENGINEERING PROJECT.

4. FORECAST OF THE FUTURE EVENTS THAT COULD THREAT THE ENGINEERING STRUCTURES.

5. RECOMMENDATION OF WAYS TO HANDLE AND TREAT VAROUS EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES.

6. INSPECTION DURING CONSTRUCTION TO CONFIRM CONDITIONS.

7. DIRECTION AND COORDINATION OF TEAM EFFORTS8. MAKING JUDGMENTS ON ECONOMY & SAFTEY.

Sources of Engineering Geological Information

Geological SurveyEnvironmental Protection Agency Association of Engineering Geologists Consultant FirmsUniversities & Research Institutes

WHAT WILL YOU LEARN BY THE END OF THIS COURSE?

Fundamentals of geology and mechanicsFundamentals of geology and mechanicsEngineering geologic characteristics of earth materials Engineering geologic characteristics of earth materials (soil & rock) that are influencing the performance of (soil & rock) that are influencing the performance of engineering worksengineering worksImpacts of natural hazards on engineering worksImpacts of natural hazards on engineering worksSite investigation procedureSite investigation procedureComputerComputer--aided in engineering geological applications.aided in engineering geological applications.Case studies showingCase studies showing Role of engineering geologic Role of engineering geologic knowledge on siting of engineering and environmental knowledge on siting of engineering and environmental worksworks

Aspects of Engineering GeologyAspects of Engineering Geology

Aspect 1: Aspect 1: Fundamentals of GeologyFundamentals of Geology Aspect 2: Aspect 2: Rock Mechanics FundamentalsRock Mechanics Fundamentals Aspect 3:Aspect 3: Characterization of Characterization of Earth MaterialsEarth Materials Aspect 4: Aspect 4: Rock Mass ClassificationRock Mass Classification Aspect 5: Aspect 5: Site InvestigationSite Investigation Aspect 6:Aspect 6: InstrumentationInstrumentation Aspect 7: Aspect 7: Geohazards Evaluation & MitigationGeohazards Evaluation & Mitigation

Engineering Geologist Function

Portrait of an Engineering Geologist looking back at Geologic Processes and forward to Engineering Products. (After IAEG & AGI)